Human-Computer Interaction

by Dix, Alan; Finlay, Janet E.; Abowd, Gregory D.; Beale, Russell

• ISBN13: 9780130461094
• ISBN10: 0130461091
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2003-09-30
• Publisher: Pearson

Summary

Much has changed since the first EDITION of humancomputer interaction was published. Ubiquitous computing and rich sensor-filled environments are finding their way out of the laboratory, not just into movies but also into our workplaces and homes. The computer has broken out of its plastic and glass bounds providing us with networked societies where personal computing devices from mobile phones to smart cards fill our pockets and electronic devices surround us at home and work. The web too has grown from a largely academic network into the hub of business and everyday lives. As the distinctions between the physical and the digital, and between work and leisure start to break down, human-computer interaction is also changing radically. The excitement of these changes is captured in this new EDITION, which also looks forward to other emerging technologies. However, the book is firmly rooted in strong principles and models indepENDent of the passing technologies of the day: these foundations will be the means by which today's students will understand tomorrow's technology. The third EDITION of humancomputer interaction can be used for introductory and advanced courses on HCI, Interaction Design, Usability or Interactive Systems Design. It will also prove an invaluable reference for professionals wishing to design usable computing devices. Accompanying the text is a comprehensive website containing a broad range of material for instructors, students and practitioners, a full text search facility for the book, links to many sites of additional interest and much more: go to www.hcibook.com New to this EDITION: bull; bull;A revised structure, reflecting the growth of HCI as a discipline, separates out basic material suitable for introductory courses from more detailed models and theories. bull;New chapter on Interaction Design adds material on scenarios and basic navigation design. bull;New chapter on Universal Design, substantially extENDing the coverage of this material in the book. bull;Updated and extENDed treatment of socio/contextual issues. bull;ExtENDed and new material on novel interaction, including updated ubicomp material, designing experience, physical sensors and a new chapter on rich interaction. bull;Updated material on the web including dynamic content and WAP. Alan Dix is Professor in the Department of Computing, Lancaster, UK. Janet Finlay is Professor at the School of Computing, Leeds Metropolitan University, UK. Gregory Abowd is Assistant Professor in the College of Computing at Georgia Tech, USA. Russell Beale is lecturer at the School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, UK.

Table of Contents

Guided tour	xiv
Foreword	xvi
Preface to the third edition	xix
Publisher's acknowledgements	xxiii
Introduction	1	(8)
Part 1 FOUNDATIONS	9	(180)
Chapter 1 The human	11	(48)
1.1 Introduction	12	(1)
1.2 Input-output channels	13	(14)
Design Focus: Getting noticed	16	(6)
Design Focus: Where's the middle?	22	(5)
1.3 Human memory	27	(12)
Design Focus: Cashing in	30	(2)
Design Focus: 7 ± 2 revisited	32	(7)
1.4 Thinking: reasoning and problem solving	39	(12)
Design Focus: Human error and false memories	49	(2)
1.5 Emotion	51	(1)
1.6 Individual differences	52	(1)
1.7 Psychology and the design of interactive systems	53	(2)
1.8 Summary	55	(1)
Exercises	56	(1)
Recommended reading	57	(2)
Chapter 2 The computer	59	(64)
2.1 Introduction	60	(3)
2.2 Text entry devices	63	(8)
Design Focus: Numeric keypads	67	(4)
2.3 Positioning, pointing and drawing	71	(7)
2.4 Display devices	78	(9)
Design Focus: Hermes: a situated display	86	(1)
2.5 Devices for virtual reality and 3D interaction	87	(4)
2.6 Physical controls, sensors and special devices	91	(6)
Design Focus: Feeling the road	94	(2)
Design Focus: Smart-Its - making using sensors easy	96	(1)
2.7 Paper: printing and scanning	97	(10)
Design Focus: Readability of text	101	(6)
2.8 Memory	107	(7)
2.9 Processing and networks	114	(6)
Design Focus: The myth of the infinitely fast machine	116	(4)
2.10 Summary	120	(1)
Exercises	121	(1)
Recommended reading	122	(1)
Chapter 3 The interaction	123	(41)
3.1 Introduction	124	(1)
3.2 Models of interaction	124	(6)
Design Focus: Video recorder	130	(1)
3.3 Frameworks and HCI	130	(1)
3.4 Ergonomics	131	(5)
Design Focus: Industrial interfaces	133	(3)
3.5 Interaction styles	136	(9)
Design Focus: Navigation in 3D and 2D	144	(1)
3.6 Elements of the WIMP interface	145	(7)
Design Focus: Learning toolbars	151	(1)
3.7 Interactivity	152	(2)
3.8 The context of the interaction	154	(2)
Design Focus: Half the picture?	155	(1)
3.9 Experience, engagement and fun	156	(4)
3.10 Summary	160	(1)
Exercises	161	(1)
Recommended reading	162	(2)
Chapter 4 Paradigms	164	(25)
4.1 Introduction	165	(1)
4.2 Paradigms for interaction	165	(20)
4.3 Summary	185	(1)
Exercises	186	(1)
Recommended reading	187	(2)
Part 2 DESIGN PROCESS	189	(228)
Chapter 5 Interaction design basics	191	(34)
5.1 Introduction	192	(1)
5.2 What is design?	193	(2)
5.3 The process of design	195	(2)
5.4 User focus	197	(4)
Design Focus: Cultural probes	200	(1)
5.5 Scenarios	201	(2)
5.6 Navigation design	203	(8)
Design Focus: Beware the big button trap	206	(1)
Design Focus: Modes	207	(4)
5.7 Screen design and layout	211	(9)
Design Focus: Alignment and layout matter	214	(5)
Design Focus: Checking screen colors	219	(1)
5.8 Iteration and prototyping	220	(2)
5.9 Summary	222	(1)
Exercises	223	(1)
Recommended reading	224	(1)
Chapter 6 HCI in the software process	225	(33)
6.1 Introduction	226	(1)
6.2 The software life cycle	226	(11)
6.3 Usability engineering	237	(4)
6.4 Iterative design and prototyping	241	(7)
Design Focus: Prototyping in practice	245	(3)
6.5 Design rationale	248	(8)
6.6 Summary	256	(1)
Exercises	257	(1)
Recommended reading	257	(1)
Chapter 7 Design rules	258	(31)
7.1 Introduction	259	(1)
7.2 Principles to support usability	260	(15)
7.3 Standards	275	(2)
7.4 Guidelines	277	(5)
7.5 Golden rules and heuristics	282	(2)
7.6 HCI patterns	284	(2)
7.7 Summary	286	(1)
Exercises	287	(1)
Recommended reading	288	(1)
Chapter 8 Implementation support	289	(29)
8.1 Introduction	290	(1)
8.2 Elements of windowing systems	291	(5)
8.3 Programming the application	296	(6)
Design Focus: Going with the grain	301	(1)
8.4 Using toolkits	302	(4)
Design Focus: Java and AWT	304	(2)
8.5 User interface management systems	306	(7)
8.6 Summary	313	(1)
Exercises	314	(2)
Recommended reading	316	(2)
Chapter 9 Evaluation techniques	318	(47)
9.1 What is evaluation?	319	(1)
9.2 Goals of evaluation	319	(1)
9.3 Evaluation through expert analysis	320	(7)
9.4 Evaluation through user participation	327	(30)
9.5 Choosing an evaluation method	357	(5)
9.6 Summary	362	(1)
Exercises	363	(1)
Recommended reading	364	(1)
Chapter 10 Universal design	365	(30)
10.1 Introduction	366	(1)
10.2 Universal design principles	366	(2)
10.3 Multi-modal interaction	368	(16)
Design Focus: Designing websites for screen readers	374	(1)
Design Focus: Choosing the right kind of speech	375	(6)
Design Focus: Apple Newton	381	(3)
10.4 Designing for diversity	384	(9)
Design Focus: Mathematics for the blind	386	(7)
10.5 Summary	393	(1)
Exercises	393	(1)
Recommended reading	394	(1)
Chapter 11 User support	395	(22)
11.1 Introduction	396	(1)
11.2 Requirements of user support	397	(2)
11.3 Approaches to user support	399	(5)
11.4 Adaptive help systems	404	(8)
Design Focus: It's good to talk - help from real people	405	(7)
11.5 Designing user support systems	412	(2)
11.6 Summary	414	(1)
Exercises	415	(1)
Recommended reading	416	(1)
Part 3 MODELS AND THEORIES	417	(244)
Chapter 12 Cognitive models	419	(31)
12.1 Introduction	420	(1)
12.2 Goal and task hierarchies	421	(9)
Design Focus: GOMS saves money	424	(6)
12.3 Linguistic models	430	(4)
12.4 The challenge of display-based systems	434	(2)
12.5 Physical and device models	436	(7)
12.6 Cognitive architectures	443	(4)
12.7 Summary	447	(1)
Exercises	448	(1)
Recommended reading	448	(2)
Chapter 13 Socio-organizational issues and stakeholder requirements	450	(25)
13.1 Introduction	451	(1)
13.2 Organizational issues	451	(7)
Design Focus: Implementing workflow in Lotus Notes	457	(1)
13.3 Capturing requirements	458	(14)
Design Focus: Tomorrow's hospital - using participatory design	468	(4)
13.4 Summary	472	(1)
Exercises	473	(1)
Recommended reading	474	(1)
Chapter 14 Communication and collaboration models	475	(35)
14.1 Introduction	476	(1)
14.2 Face-to-face communication	476	(7)
Design Focus: Looking real - Avatar Conference	481	(2)
14.3 Conversation	483	(12)
14.4 Text-based communication	495	(9)
14.5 Group working	504	(3)
14.6 Summary	507	(1)
Exercises	508	(1)
Recommended reading	509	(1)
Chapter 15 Task analysis	510	(34)
15.1 Introduction	511	(1)
15.2 Differences between task analysis and other techniques	511	(1)
15.3 Task decomposition	512	(7)
15.4 Knowledge-based analysis	519	(6)
15.5 Entity-relationship-based techniques	525	(7)
15.6 Sources of information and data collection	532	(6)
15.7 Uses of task analysis	538	(3)
15.8 Summary	541	(1)
Exercises	542	(1)
Recommended reading	543	(1)
Chapter 16 Dialog notations and design	544	(50)
16.1 What is dialog?	545	(2)
16.2 Dialog design notations	547	(1)
16.3 Diagrammatic notations	548	(17)
Design Focus: Using STNS in prototyping	551	(12)
Design Focus: Digital watch - documentation and analysis	563	(2)
16.4 Textual dialog notations	565	(8)
16.5 Dialog semantics	573	(9)
16.6 Dialog analysis and design	582	(7)
16.7 Summary	589	(2)
Exercises	591	(1)
Recommended reading	592	(2)
Chapter 17 Models of the system	594	(35)
17.1 Introduction	595	(1)
17.2 Standard formalisms	595	(13)
17.3 Interaction models	608	(10)
17.4 Continuous behavior	618	(6)
17.5 Summary	624	(1)
Exercises	625	(2)
Recommended reading	627	(2)
Chapter 18 Modeling rich interaction	629	(32)
18.1 Introduction	630	(1)
18.2 Status-event analysis	631	(8)
18.3 Rich contexts	639	(10)
18.4 Low intention and sensor-based interaction	649	(8)
Design Focus: Designing a car courtesy light	655	(2)
18.5 Summary	657	(1)
Exercises	658	(1)
Recommended reading	659	(2)
Part 4 OUTSIDE THE BOX	661	(130)
Chapter 19 Groupware	663	(53)
19.1 Introduction	664	(1)
19.2 Groupware systems	664	(3)
19.3 Computer-mediated communication	667	(12)
Design Focus: SMS in action	673	(6)
19.4 Meeting and decision support systems	679	(6)
19.5 Shared applications and artifacts	685	(6)
19.6 Frameworks for groupware	691	(11)
Design Focus: TOWER - workspace awareness	701	(1)
19.7 Implementing synchronous groupware	702	(11)
19.8 Summary	713	(1)
Exercises	714	(1)
Recommended reading	715	(1)
Chapter 20 Ubiquitous computing and augmented realities	716	(32)
20.1 Introduction	717	(1)
20.2 Ubiquitous computing applications research	717	(16)
Design Focus: Ambient Wood - augmenting the physical	723	(4)
Design Focus: Classroom 2000/eClass - deploying and evaluating ubicomp	727	(5)
Design Focus: Shared experience	732	(1)
20.3 Virtual and augmented reality	733	(5)
Design Focus: Applications of augmented reality	737	(1)
20.4 Information and data visualization	738	(7)
Design Focus: Getting the size right	740	(5)
20.5 Summary	745	(1)
Exercises	746	(1)
Recommended reading	746	(2)
Chapter 21 Hypertext, multimedia and the world wide web	748	(43)
21.1 Introduction	749	(1)
21.2 Understanding hypertext	749	(12)
21.3 Finding things	761	(7)
21.4 Web technology and issues	768	(3)
21.5 Static web content	771	(7)
21.6 Dynamic web content	778	(9)
21.7 Summary	787	(1)
Exercises	788	(1)
Recommended reading	788	(3)
References	791	(26)
Index	817