Hydrogeology: Principles and Practice

by Kevin Hiscock (University of East Anglia)

• ISBN13: 9781405144506
• ISBN10: 1405144505
• Format: eBook
• Copyright: 2009-02-01
• Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell

Summary

Hydrogeology: Principles and Practice provides a comprehensive introduction to the study of hydrogeology and the significance of groundwater in the terrestrial aquatic environment. Earlier chapters explain the fundamental physical and chemical principles of hydrogeology, and later chapters feature groundwater investigation techniques and contaminant hydrogeology. A unique feature of the book is a chapter on the application of environmental isotopes and noble gases in the interpretation of aquifer evolution. The last chapter discusses groundwater resources and environmental management, and examines the role of groundwater in integrated river basin management, including the possible impacts of climate change. Throughout the text, boxes are used to explain special topics and to illustrate international case studies. The appendices provide useful reference material and include review questions and exercises to develop the reader's knowledge and problem-solving skills in hydrogeology. This accessible textbook is essential reading for undergraduate and graduate students in earth and environmental sciences taking a course in hydrogeology or groundwater science.

Table of Contents

List of boxes

Preface

Acknowledgements

Symbols and abbreviations

Introduction

Scope of this book

What is hydrogeology?

Early examples of groundwater exploitation

History of hydrogeology

The water cycle

Groundwater as a natural resource

Management and protection of groundwater resources in the United Kingdom

European Union Water Framework Directive

Management and protection of groundwater resources in the United States

Groundwater resources in developing countries

Further reading

Physical hydrogeology

Introduction

Porosity

DarcyÆs Law and hydraulic conductivity

Isotropy and homogeneity

Aquifers, aquitards and aquicludes

Hydraulic properties of fractured rocks

Karst aquifers

Groundwater potential and hydraulic head

Interpretation of hydraulic head and groundwater conditions

Classification of springs and intermittent streams

Groundwater flow theory

Analytical solution of one-dimensional groundwater flow problems

Groundwater flow patterns

Groundwater and geology

Further reading

Chemical hydrogeology

Introduction

Properties of water

Chemical composition of groundwater

Sequence of hydrochemical evolution of groundwater

Groundwater sampling and graphical presentation of hydrochemical data

Concepts of chemical equilibrium

Carbonate chemistry of groundwater

Adsorption and ion exchange

Redox chemistry

Groundwater in crystalline rocks

Further reading

Environmental isotope hydrogeology

Introduction

Stable isotope chemistry and nomenclature

Stable isotopes of water

Age dating of groundwater

Noble gases

Further reading

Groundwater investigation techniques

Introduction

Measurement and interpretation of groundwater level data

Precipitation and evapotranspiration

Soil water and infiltration

Recharge estimation

Stream gauging techniques

Hydrograph analysis

Field estimation of aquifer properties

Groundwater modelling

Further reading

Groundwater quality and contaminant hydrogeology

Introduction

Water quality standards

Transport of contaminants in groundwater

Sources of groundwater contamination

Further reading

Groundwater pollution remediation and protection

Introduction

Groundwater pollution remediation techniques

Groundwater pollution protection strategies in industrialized countries

Groundwater protection strategies in developing countries

Further reading

Groundwater resources and environmental management

Introduction

Groundwater resources schemes

Groundwater abstraction and river flows

Wetland hydrogeology

Climate change and groundwater resources

Further reading

Conversion factors

Properties of water in the range 0 û 100 oC

The geological timescale

Symbols, atomic numbers and atomic weights of the elements

Composition of seawater and rainwater

Values of W(u) for various values of u

Values of q/Q and v/Qt corresponding to selected values of t/F for use in computing the rate and volume of stream depletion by wells and boreholes

Values of error function, erf (â), and complementary error function, erfc (â), for positive values of â

Drinking water quality standards and Lists I and II Substances

Review questions and exercises

References

Index

List of Boxes

The aqueducts of Rome

Groundwater development of the Quaternary Aquifer of the North China Plain

Application of DarcyÆs law to simple hydrogeological situations

Laminar and turbulent flows

Flow nets and the tangent law

Potentiometric surface map of the London Basin

History of groundwater exploitation in the Chalk aquifer of the London Basin

Relationship between geology, geomorphology and groundwater in the QuÆAppelle Valley,

Saskatchewan

The thermal springs of Bath, England

Land subsidence in the Central Valley, California

Examples of analytical solutions to one-dimensional groundwater flow problems

Regional groundwater flow in the Lincolnshire Limestone aquifer, England

Large-scale groundwater flow in the Great Artesian Basin, Australia

Concentration units used in hydrochemistry

Hydrochemical evolution in the Floridan aquifer system

Active concentration

Acidûbase reactions

Carbonate chemistry of the Jurassic limestones of the Cotswolds, England

Solubility product and saturation index

Cation exchange in the Lower Mersey Basin Permo-Triassic sandstone aquifer, England

Redox processes in the Lincolnshire Limestone aquifer, England

Microbially mediated denitrification

Hydrogeochemical characteristics of the Carnmenellis Granite, Cornwall, England

Application of the chloride budget method to the Quaternary sand aquifer of Senegal,

West Africa

Interpretation of a constant discharge pumping test and recovery test

Dye-tracer test in the Chepstow Block Carboniferous limestone aquifer,

south-west England

Single borehole dilution tracer test conducted at a Chalk aquifer site

Convergent radial flow tracer test conducted at a sand and gravel aquifer site

Groundwater modelling of the Monturaqui-Negrillar-Tilopozo aquifer, Chile

The æhard-water storyÆ

Groundwater contamination by heavy metals in Nassau County, New York

Macrodispersion caused by layered heterogeneity

Controlled field experiments to investigate transport of organic solutes

Mine water pollution

Nitrate contamination of the Jersey bedrock aquifer

Saltwater intrusion in the Llobregat delta deep aquifer, Spain

Pump-and-treat system design using capture-zone type curves

Jet fuel clean-up at Heathrow International Airport

In situ permeable reactive barrier for remediation of chlorinated solvents

Monitored natural attenuation of a crude oil spill, Bemidji, Minnesota

The Drastrup Project, north Jutland, Denmark

Arsenic pollution of groundwater in southern Bangladesh

The Great Man-made River Project, Libya

The North London Artificial Recharge Scheme

Riverbank filtration at the Düsseldorf waterworks, River Rhine, Germany

Computation of the rate and volume of stream depletion by boreholes and wells

Impact of groundwater abstraction on Redgrave and Lopham Fen, East Anglia, England

The Florida Everglades: a region under environmental stress

Assessment of drought severity

Appendices

References

List of sources

Index

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