Inclusion and Democracy

by Young, Iris Marion

• ISBN13: 9780198297550
• ISBN10: 0198297556
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2002-06-20
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

Democratic equality entails a principle that everyone whose basic interests are affected by policies should be included in the process of making them. Yet individuals and groups often claim that decision making processes are dominated by only some of the interests and perspectives in thesociety. What are the ideals of inclusion through which such criticisms should be made, and which might guide more inclusive political practice? This book considers that question from the point of view of norms of democratic communication, processes of representation and association, and how widethe scope of political jurisdictions should be. Democratic theorists have not sufficiently attended to the ways processes of debate and decision making often marginalize individuals and groups because the norms of political discussion are biased against some forms of expression. Inclusion and Democracy broadens our understanding ofdemocratic communication by reflecting on the positive political functions of narrative, rhetorically situated appeals, and public protest. It reconstructs concepts of civil society and public sphere as enacting such plural forms of communication among debating citizens in large-scale societies. The book considers issues of the scope of the polity at two levels: global and local. The scope of a polity should extend as wide as the scope of social and economic interactions that raise issues of justice. Today this implies the need for global democratic institutions. At a more local level,processes of residential segregation and the design of municipal jurisdictions often result in the ability for actions in one locale to affect those in other locales without those making the decisions having to include some of those affected in the decision making process. Metropolitan governmentswhich preserve significant local autonomy may therefore be necessary to promote political equality.

Author Biography

Iris Marion Young is Professor of Political Science at The University of Chicago. Her previous books include Throwing Like a Girl and Other Essays in Feminist Philosophy and Social Theory, Justice and the Politics of Difference, Intersecting Voices: Dilemmas of Gender, Political Philosophy and Policy, and A Companion to Feminist Philosophy.

Table of Contents

Introduction	1	(2)
Challenges for Democracy	3	(2)
Deep Democracy	5	(5)
The Approach of Critical Theory	10	(1)
Thematizing Inclusion	11	(3)
Situated Conversation	14	(2)
Democracy and Justice	16	(36)
Two Models of Democracy	18	(9)
An Ideal Relation between Democracy and Justice	27	(4)
Ideals of Self-Determination and Self-Development	31	(2)
Democratic Theory for Unjust Conditions	33	(3)
Limitations of Some Interpretations of the Deliberative Model	36	(16)
Inclusive Political Communication	52	(29)
External and Internal Exclusion	53	(4)
Greeting, or Public Acknowledgement	57	(6)
Affirmative Uses of Rhetoric	63	(7)
Narrative and Situated Knowledge	70	(7)
Dangers of Manipulation and Deceit	77	(4)
Social Difference as a Political Resource	81	(40)
Critique of a Politics of Difference	83	(4)
Social Difference is not Identity	87	(5)
Structural Difference and Inequality	92	(7)
Social Groups and Personal Identity	99	(3)
What is and is not Identity Politics	102	(6)
Communication across Difference in Public Judgement	108	(13)
Representation and Social Perspective	121	(33)
Participation and Representation	124	(1)
Representation as Relationship	125	(3)
Anticipating Authorization and Accountability	128	(5)
Modes of Representation	133	(8)
Special Representation of Marginalized Groups	141	(7)
Application of the Argument for Group Representation	148	(6)
Civil Society and its Limits	154	(42)
The Idea of Civil Society	157	(7)
Self-Organizing Civil Society	164	(3)
The Public Sphere	167	(13)
The Limits of Civil Society	180	(8)
Associative Democracy	188	(8)
Residential Segregation and Regional Democracy	196	(40)
Residential Racial Segregation	198	(6)
The Wrongs of Segregation	204	(6)
Residential Class Segregation	210	(6)
Critique of an Ideal of Integration	216	(5)
Alternative Ideal: Differentiated Solidarity	221	(7)
Local Participation and Regional Governance	228	(8)
Self-Determination and Global Democracy	236	(41)
The Nation-State and Obligations of Justice	237	(9)
Trans-border Justice and Global Governance	246	(5)
Recognition of Distinct Peoples without Nationalism	251	(4)
Rethinking Self-Determination	255	(10)
Global Democracy	265	(6)
In the Short Term: United Nations Reform	271	(6)
References	277	(18)
Index	295