Inequality and Poverty in China in the Age of Globalization

by Khan, Azizur Rahman; Riskin, Carl

• ISBN13: 9780195136494
• ISBN10: 0195136497
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2001-01-25
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

China's explosive economic growth since 1988 has not resulted in an equal increase of income among all Chinese citizens. The authors explore a range of reasons for the disparity and base their conclusions on strong empirical evidence--especially the 1996 survey conducted by the State Statistical Bureau.

Table of Contents

Introduction	3	(14)
China's Growth in the Reform Period	3	(1)
From Rural Development-Led Growth to Growth Led by Integration with the Global Economy	4	(1)
Some Features of China's Integration with the Global Economy	4	(3)
Growth and Distribution	7	(1)
Basis for the Present Study	8	(4)
Outline of the Study	12	(2)
Household Income: Its Composition and Growth	14	(14)
Definition of Income and Its Components	14	(3)
Income and Its Components: Levels and Changes	17	(5)
Difference Between Our Definition and the Official Definition	22	(3)
Some Implications of the Evidence from the Survey	25	(3)
The Distribution of Income: Evolution of Inequality 1988--1995	28	(24)
Introduction	28	(1)
Index of Inequality	28	(1)
Distribution of Rural Income	29	(6)
Distribution of Urban Income	35	(5)
Overall Distribution of Income in China	40	(4)
Regional Inequality	44	(5)
Summary of Findings	49	(3)
Trends in the Incidence of Poverty	52	(29)
Introduction	52	(5)
Estimating Poverty Thresholds	57	(7)
Estimates of Poverty	64	(11)
A Summary of Findings and a Comparison with Others' Results	75	(6)
Appendix: Deriving the Poverty Thresholds	78	(3)
Gender, Health and Education: Human Development Dimensions of Inequality	81	(22)
Introduction: The Human Development Index	81	(1)
Human Development	82	(3)
Gender Inequality	85	(10)
Problems in the Distribution of Health Care	95	(8)
Appendix: Human Development Index by Province in 1995	102	(1)
Explaining the Increase in Inequality and the Decline in Poverty Reduction	103	(18)
Introduction	103	(1)
Gap Between Growth in GDP and Growth in Personal Income	104	(3)
Sources of Increased Inequality in Income Distribution	107	(10)
Growth, Inequality, and Poverty	117	(3)
Conclusion	120	(1)
Policies for the Reduction of Inequality and Poverty	121	(22)
Introduction	121	(3)
Need for a Comprehensive Strategy	124	(1)
Reduction of Urban/Rural Gap and Policies for the Rural Economy	125	(3)
Regional Balance in Development	128	(1)
Reversing the Disequalizing Effect of the Fiscal System and Transfer Payments	129	(6)
Urban Employment	135	(2)
Migration Policies	137	(2)
Targeted Support to the Poor	139	(1)
Macroeconomic Policies and Implications	140	(1)
Implications for Globalization	141	(1)
Conclusion	142	(1)
Summary and Conclusions	143	(16)
Income Composition and Distribution	144	(2)
Poverty	146	(2)
Human Development and Inequality	148	(3)
Explanations	151	(3)
Implications for Policy	154	(5)
Notes	159	(16)
Bibliography	175	(6)
Index	181