Note: Supplemental materials are not guaranteed with Rental or Used book purchases.
Purchase Benefits
What is included with this book?
Questions, terminology, and underlying principles | p. 1 |
Introduction | p. 1 |
Essential terminology: parasite, disease, and disease risk | p. 3 |
What is a parasite? | p. 3 |
Parasite and disease | p. 3 |
What is disease risk and how is it measured? | p. 5 |
Ecological drivers of primate sociality | p. 8 |
Between-group resource competition | p. 9 |
Predation and within-group competition | p. 9 |
Inter-sexual conflict | p. 10 |
Infectious disease | p. 10 |
Fitness consequences of parasites in wild primate populations | p. 14 |
Organizational layout of this book | p. 20 |
Diversity and characteristics of primate parasites | p. 22 |
Introduction | p. 22 |
Taxonomic diversity of parasites from wild primates | p. 26 |
Viruses | p. 29 |
Bacteria | p. 33 |
Fungi | p. 34 |
Protozoa | p. 35 |
Helminths | p. 37 |
Arthropods | p. 40 |
Strategies for parasite transmission | p. 42 |
Host specificity and "multi-host" parasites | p. 45 |
Virulence: negative effects of parasites on their hosts | p. 48 |
Parasite transmission and manipulation of host behavior | p. 52 |
Causes and consequences of altered behavior | p. 54 |
Manipulation of primate hosts | p. 54 |
Summary and synthesis | p. 55 |
Primate socioecology and disease risk: predictions and rationale | p. 57 |
Introduction | p. 57 |
Background concepts | p. 61 |
Encounter and infection probability | p. 61 |
Formulating hypotheses at individual and comparative levels | p. 64 |
Host traits and disease risk | p. 65 |
Body mass, life history, and individual age | p. 65 |
Host population size and density | p. 71 |
Social organization, group size, and dominance rank | p. 74 |
Reproduction, mating behavior, and sex differences | p. 80 |
Ranging behavior, substrate use, and diet | p. 86 |
Environmental factors and seasonality | p. 92 |
Summary and synthesis | p. 95 |
Host-parasite dynamics and epidemiological principles | p. 98 |
Introduction | p. 98 |
An historical perspective | p. 98 |
Basic terminology and measures of infection | p. 101 |
Analytical models of disease spread | p. 103 |
Microparasites and compartment models | p. 106 |
Macroparasite models | p. 115 |
The role of parasites in regulating host populations | p. 117 |
Theoretical predictions | p. 117 |
Regulation in experimental and natural populations | p. 119 |
Heterogeneities and dynamical complexities | p. 122 |
Spatial heterogeneity: landscape features and metapopulation dynamics | p. 122 |
Host social system | p. 123 |
Multi-host dynamics | p. 128 |
Summary and synthesis | p. 132 |
Host defenses: the immune system and behavioral counterstrategies | p. 134 |
Introduction | p. 134 |
Responding to infections: strategies for parasite removal | p. 135 |
Immune defenses | p. 135 |
Physiological responses and sickness behaviors | p. 148 |
Grooming as a means of parasite removal | p. 150 |
Medicinal plant use | p. 155 |
Preventing infections: strategies for parasite avoidance | p. 159 |
Habitat use and ranging behavior | p. 159 |
Diet | p. 163 |
Avoidance of arthropod vectors and parasites | p. 165 |
Parental care | p. 167 |
Avoiding infected conspecifics | p. 168 |
Parasite pressure, mate choice, and sexual selection | p. 170 |
Direct benefits: selection of uninfected caregivers | p. 171 |
Avoidance of directly transmitted parasites | p. 171 |
Indirect benefits of mate choice | p. 172 |
Parasite status, resistance, and signals for choosing mates | p. 173 |
Summary and synthesis | p. 174 |
Infectious disease and primate social systems | p. 176 |
Introduction | p. 176 |
Variation in primate social systems | p. 178 |
Chains of transmission within and among primate groups | p. 182 |
Disease risk and primate social systems | p. 184 |
Group size and contagious infections | p. 184 |
Group size, flying insects, and vector-borne infections | p. 187 |
Group composition | p. 190 |
Group spread and contact within groups | p. 190 |
Dispersal among groups | p. 191 |
Territoriality and range overlap | p. 192 |
Mating systems, sexual behavior, and STDs | p. 193 |
Mating promiscuity | p. 194 |
Effect of reproductive skew | p. 195 |
Testing effects of STD risk on primate mating systems | p. 195 |
Impacts of host behavior on pathogen evolution | p. 197 |
Evolution of virulence | p. 197 |
Evolution of transmission strategies | p. 200 |
Coevolution | p. 201 |
Methodological approaches to study effects of parasites on host social systems | p. 206 |
Fields studies | p. 206 |
Directional tests using comparative methods | p. 208 |
Incorporating parasites in comparative studies of sociality | p. 209 |
Modelling approaches | p. 209 |
Summary and synthesis | p. 210 |
Parasites and primate conservation | p. 213 |
Introduction | p. 213 |
Parasites as a cause of wildlife declines | p. 216 |
Emerging infectious diseases in primates and other wildlife | p. 218 |
Disease risk and anthropogenic change | p. 227 |
Habitat destruction and degradation | p. 227 |
Reductions in host population size | p. 229 |
Human impacts on parasite biology | p. 231 |
Conservation efforts in response to infectious disease risk | p. 233 |
Monitoring parasites in wild populations | p. 233 |
Reserve design and management | p. 235 |
Captive breeding and semi-free-ranging populations | p. 237 |
Ecotourism and scientific field research | p. 240 |
Direct intervention to reduce the impact of disease | p. 241 |
Evolutionary considerations and host-parasite biodiversity | p. 244 |
Summary and synthesis | p. 244 |
From nonhuman primates to human health and evolution | p. 248 |
Introduction | p. 248 |
Origins and early history of infectious disease in humans | p. 250 |
Infectious agents in early human societies | p. 250 |
Epidemiological transitions and the rise of human pathogens | p. 256 |
Human responses to infectious diseases: from Darwinian medicine to public health | p. 261 |
Behavioral responses to infectious diseases | p. 264 |
Evolution of immune defenses and resistance traits | p. 269 |
Global patterns of disease risk among contemporary human societies | p. 272 |
Wild primates and emerging diseases in humans | p. 276 |
Summary and synthesis | p. 282 |
Concluding remarks and future directions | p. 285 |
Introduction | p. 285 |
What is the diversity of parasites in wild primates? | p. 285 |
Population biology and impacts of parasites in wild primates | p. 287 |
Immune and behavioral defenses: tradeoffs against different infectious agents | p. 289 |
What are the links between primate sociality and parasitism? | p. 290 |
Are parasites a significant threat to primate conservation efforts? | p. 292 |
From primates to understanding human-pathogen interaction | p. 294 |
Concluding remarks | p. 295 |
References | p. 296 |
Index | p. 369 |
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
The New copy of this book will include any supplemental materials advertised. Please check the title of the book to determine if it should include any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.
The Used, Rental and eBook copies of this book are not guaranteed to include any supplemental materials. Typically, only the book itself is included. This is true even if the title states it includes any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.