Integrated Public Lands Management

by Loomis, John B.

• ISBN13: 9780231124447
• ISBN10: 0231124449
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2002-05-01
• Publisher: Columbia Univ Pr

Summary

Integrated Public Lands Managementis the only book that deals with the management procedures of all the primary public land management agencies -- National Forests, Parks, Wildlife Refuges, and the Bureau of Land Management -- in one volume. This book fills the need for a unified treatment of the analytical procedures used by federal land management agencies in planning and managing their diverse lands. The second edition charts the progress these agencies have made toward the management of their lands as ecosystems. It includes new U.S. Forest Service regulations, expanded coverage of Geographic Information Systems, and new legislation on the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and National Wildlife Refuges.

Author Biography

John B. Loomis is a professor in the Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics at Colorado State University. He has previously worked at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Bureau of Land Management. He lives in Fort Collins, Colorado

Table of Contents

Figures	p. xi
Acronyms	p. xv
Preface and Acknowledgments to the Second Edition	p. xix
Preface to the First Edition	p. xxi
Acknowledgments to the First Edition	p. xxiii
Natural Resource Use Interactions: The Key to Modern Public Land Management	p. 1
How and Why People Care About Natural Resources	p. 1
The Broadening Focus of Public Land Management	p. 2
Defining Integrated Natural Resource Management	p. 4
Definitions of Ecosystem Management	p. 8
Ecosystem Management as a Special Case of Integrated Resource Management	p. 9
Role of Planning in Achieving Integrated Natural Resource Management	p. 10
How Integrated Natural Resource Management Can Solve Past Problems and Avoid New Ones	p. 12
The Appropriate Roles of Multiresource Analysis in Resolving Public Land Resource Conflicts	p. 18
Why Those Interested in Natural Resource and Environmental Management Should Study Federal Lands	p. 20
Another View: Biocentric, Ecocentric, or Deep Ecology View of Natural Resources	p. 21
Laws and Agencies Governing Federal Land Management	p. 23
Size and Scope of Public Lands in the United States	p. 23
Importance of Understanding the Legal Basis for Public Land Management	p. 26
A Brief History of the Evolution of Federal Landownership Patterns with Implications for Management Today	p. 27
Selected Retention of Federal Lands from 1870 to the 1900s: Emergence of National Forests and National Parks	p. 30
Forest Reserves Act and Birth of the National Forests	p. 32
1897 Organic Act Establishes the Purposes of Forest Reserves	p. 33
Expanding into the Present-Day National Forest System	p. 34
Management of National Forests Since the 1950s: Laws, Social Forces, and Trends	p. 37
Special Federal Land Classifications Passed During the 1960s: Wilderness Act, Wild and Scenic Rivers Act, and National Trails Act	p. 40
Long-Term National Planning for Forests: 1974 Resources Planning Act	p. 43
National Forest Management Act of 1976	p. 47
Evolution of Federal Multiple-Use Lands Administered by the Bureau of Land Management	p. 57
National Parks and the National Park Service	p. 64
Federal Wildlife Policy and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	p. 69
Summary of Interrelationships Between the Land-Managing Agency and Land Use Classification	p. 79
Federal Acts Applying to All Federal Agencies	p. 81
Economic Rationale for Continued Government Ownership of Land	p. 89
Three Roles of Government in the Economy	p. 89
Efficiency as the Primary Economic Rationale for Government Ownership of Land	p. 92
Externalities as One Source of Market Failure and Inefficiency	p. 92
Government Failure and Inefficiency of Public Agencies	p. 100
Improving Management of Public Lands: The Role of Planning and Evaluation	p. 104
Another View: the Sagebrush Rebellion and Wise Use Movement	p. 107
Criteria and Decision Techniques for Public Land Management	p. 109
Five General Criteria for Evaluating Public Land Management Alternatives	p. 110
Criteria for Sustainable Forestry	p. 115
Performance Indicators as Measures of the Criteria	p. 116
Techniques for Integrating the Five Criteria in Decision Making	p. 116
Choosing the Appropriate Decision Aid	p. 129
Roles and Uses of Models and Geographic Information Systems in Natural Resource Management	p. 133
Usefulness of Models	p. 133
Key Features Needed in Ecological Models for Natural Resource Management	p. 140
Description of Fish Habitat Index Models	p. 141
Example of U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Habitat Evaluation Procedure Habitat Suitability Index Model	p. 145
Geographic Information System Models in Natural Resource Management Planning	p. 148
Conclusion	p. 155
Applying Economic Efficiency Analysis in Practice: Principles of Benefit-Cost Analysis	p. 157
What Is Formal Benefit-Cost Analysis?	p. 157
Use of the "With and Without" Principle	p. 158
Conceptual Foundation of Benefit-Cost Analysis	p. 160
Gross Willingness to Pay, Cost, and Net Benefits	p. 166
Importance of Timing of Benefits and Costs	p. 180
Alternative Benefit-Cost Decision Criteria	p. 189
Valuation of Natural Resources from Public Lands	p. 196
Valuation of Nonmarketed Natural Resources Such as Recreation, Wildlife, Fisheries, Wilderness, and Rivers	p. 201
Is There a Role for Economics in Ecosystem Management?	p. 214
Toward the Future: Landscape Valuation and Geographic Information Systems	p. 218
Regional Economic Analysis and Input-Output Models	p. 221
Need for Regional Economic Analysis	p. 221
Traditional Concepts of Regional Economic Analysis	p. 222
Input-Output Models: A Simple Model of a Local Economy	p. 228
Social Accounting Matrix	p. 234
Income Multipliers	p. 235
Employment Multipliers	p. 235
Application of Input-Output Models	p. 236
Assumptions of Input-Output Models	p. 241
Development of Input-Output Models: The Survey-Based Approach	p. 242
Use of Existing Input-Output Models: IMPLAN	p. 243
Conclusion	p. 245
Another View: New West versus Old West, or Why Traditional Input-Output Models May Be Misleading	p. 246
Principles of Multiple-Use Management	p. 249
What Exactly Is Multiple Use?	p. 249
Multiple Use as Packages of Compatible or Complementary Uses	p. 251
Clawson's Three Elements for Multiple-Use Decisions	p. 253
A Simplified Example of Multiple-Use Management Using a Production Possibilities Curve	p. 256
Shifts in the Production Possibilities Curve	p. 261
Using Linear Programming to Make the Production Possibilities Curve Operational and Add Other Criteria of Public Land Management	p. 263
Importance of Joint Production in Multiple-Use Management	p. 275
Another View: The Role of Analysis in Negotiations Over Multiple-Use and Natural Resource Management: The Quincy Library Group	p. 277
Multiple-Use Planning and Ecosystem Management of the National Forests	p. 279
Forest Service Planning Process Under the National Forest Management Act	p. 279
Overview of the Steps in the U.S. Forest Service Planning Process	p. 280
How the Forest Service Implemented the NFMA 1982 Planning Regulations: A Look at Programming Models and IMPLAN Input-Output Models	p. 291
How Linear Programming and Input-Output Models Are Used by the Forest Service to Implement the National Forest Management Act	p. 308
Example First-Round National Forest Plan: Siuslaw National Forest	p. 313
Implementation of Forest Plans: Nez Perce National Forest	p. 327
Lessons Learned from the First Round of Forest Planning	p. 328
Forest Plan Revision Regulations	p. 329
Committee of Scientists Recommendations for Second Round of Forest Planning	p. 331
Final Rule for National Forest System Land and Resource Management Plan Revisions	p. 332
Example of a Forest Plan Consistent with the Revised Planning Rules	p. 341
A Comprehensive Benefit-Cost Analysis Approach to Evaluating Multiple-Use Trade-offs	p. 349
Multiple-Use Planning and Management in the Bureau of Land Management	p. 361
Background on the BLM and the Federal Land Policy and Management Act	p. 361
Resource Management Planning	p. 365
Overview of Resource Management Planning in the BLM	p. 368
Case Study of the Implementation of Federal Land Policy and Management Act Using the BLM Resource Management Plan	p. 379
BLM's Second-Tier Planning: Activity Planning	p. 409
Critique of the First Round of BLM Resource Management Plans	p. 409
Summary Observations on Bureau of Land Management Planning	p. 411
Case Study of Economic Value of Forage on BLM Lands for Big Game and Livestock	p. 412
Another View: Abuses of BLM Land Under the Anachronistic 1872 Mining Law	p. 417
Wildlife Planning and Management in the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	p. 421
Wildlife Refuge Management	p. 423
USFWS Approaches to Refuge Planning	p. 428
The Comprehensive Conservation Planning Process in the Lower 48 States Under the Refuge Improvement Act of 1997	p. 431
Planning on Refuges in Alaska: An Example of a Comprehensive Conservation Plan for the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge	p. 451
North American Waterfowl Management Plan	p. 461
Mitigation Planning Techniques Used by the USFWS and Other Federal Agencies	p. 463
Comments on USFWS Planning	p. 465
External Threats to National Wildlife Refuges	p. 465
National Park Service	p. 467
Introduction and Background	p. 467
What to Preserve: Scenery or Ecology?	p. 470
Current Visitor Use, Facilities, and Access Policies in Park Management	p. 472
Natural Resource Management Guidelines	p. 476
Internal Threats to National Park Facilities: Lack of Funding and Motorized Recreation	p. 483
National Park Planning Process	p. 484
Suggested Extension of Operational Criteria for Balancing Preservation and Visitor Use in the General Management Plan	p. 500
Zion National Park General Management Plan Example	p. 508
External Threats to Parks and the Need for Broader Multiagency Planning	p. 524
The Movement Toward Ecosystem Planning and Management	p. 529
The Need for Ecosystem Planning and Management	p. 529
Principles of Ecosystem Planning and Management	p. 533
Integrated Ecosystem Planning of Mixed Public and Private Lands	p. 537
Potential for Federal Ecosystem Planning	p. 539
Case Studies of Ecosystem Planning	p. 540
Initial Assessment of Ecosystem Management Efforts	p. 563
Importance of Budgetary Realism in Traditional and Ecosystem Planning	p. 565
Parting Thoughts on the Next Four Years of Public Land Management	p. 566
References	p. 569
Index	p. 591
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