Intercultural Communication

by Rogers, Everett M.; Steinfatt, Thomas M.

• ISBN13: 9781577660323
• ISBN10: 1577660323
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1998-08-01
• Publisher: Waveland Pr Inc

Table of Contents

Preface	xiii
Acknowledgments	xv
Context and Contact	1	(38)
Why Study Intercultural Communication?	2	(1)
Collective Cultural Consciousness	3	(1)
Increasing Intercultural Contact	4	(3)
The Spread of Islam	7	(1)
The Crusades	8	(4)
Genghis Khan and the Mongols	12	(9)
Ogadai Khan	14	(3)
Kublai Khan	17	(2)
Marco Polo	19	(2)
Colonialism	21	(1)
Cortes and Montezuma	22	(1)
The Slave Trade	23	(5)
The Early Missionaries	28	(1)
The Opium Wars	29	(2)
Native Americans	31	(7)
Summary	38	(1)
The Study of Intercultural Communication	39	(40)
The Roots of Intercultural Communication	39	(8)
What Is a Stranger?	40	(3)
The Stranger and Scientific Objectivity	43	(1)
The Concept of Social Distance	44	(1)
The Concept of Marginal Man	45	(1)
The Concept of Heterophily	45	(1)
Cosmopoliteness	46	(1)
Critical Concepts in Intercultural Communication	47	(2)
Ingroups and Outgroups	49	(1)
The Left-Handed Ingroup	49	(10)
Ethnocentrism	50	(5)
Cultural Relativism	55	(1)
Prejudice and Discrimination	55	(3)
Stereotypes	58	(1)
The Authoritarian Personality	58	(1)
Intercultural Communication after World War II	59	(11)
Development Assistance	60	(1)
The Ugly American	61	(1)
The Foreign Service Institute	62	(1)
Edward Hall, Founder	63	(4)
Time Talks and Space Speaks	67	(3)
Forming a Paradigm of Intercultural Communication	70	(4)
Non-Western Perspectives on Intercultural Communication	74	(2)
Summary	76	(3)
Culture	79	(34)
What Is Culture?	79	(3)
Beliefs, Attitudes, and Values	81	(1)
Cultural Beliefs	82	(1)
Hmong Spirits versus Western Medicine	82	(4)
Cultural Values and Cultural Attitudes	84	(1)
Norms	85	(1)
Collectivistic versus Individualistic Cultures	86	(4)
The Nature of the Self	89	(1)
Independence versus Interdependence at the Individual Level	90	(1)
High-Context versus Low-Context Cultures	90	(5)
High/Low-Context Communication Problems	92	(3)
Are You High-Context or Low-Context?	95	(1)
Within versus Between Cultural Variation	95	(1)
Cultural Clash	96	(1)
Cultural Identification	97	(1)
Female Genital Mutilation in the United States	98	(1)
AIDS Prevention in San Francisco	99	(4)
Cultural Markers	100	(2)
Language and Cultural Identification	102	(1)
Cultural Markers	103	(1)
The Homeless and Pen in Santa Monica	104	(5)
The Continuum of Intercultural Differences	105	(2)
Overcoming Cultural Differences	107	(2)
The Cultural Shareability of Elvis Presley	109	(2)
Summary	111	(2)
Communication	113	(22)
What Is Communication?	113	(4)
A Model of Communication	114	(3)
Navajo Code-Talkers	117	(3)
Initial Contact and Uncertainty among Strangers	120	(4)
Uncertainty and Information	120	(2)
Initiating Conversation with a Stranger	122	(2)
Don't You Want to Go to the Rat?	124	(1)
Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Communication	125	(2)
Signs and Symbols	126	(1)
Language	126	(1)
The Rosetta Stone	127	(5)
Creating Meanings	128	(1)
Levels of Meaning	129	(2)
Attribution	131	(1)
From Intercultural Interaction to International Incident	132	(1)
Power	133	(1)
Summary	133	(2)
Verbal Communication	135	(26)
Linguistic Relativity	135	(7)
Examples of the Whorfian Hypothesis	138	(3)
Importance of Language	141	(1)
The Language Police in Quebec	142	(2)
Perceptions Count	144	(1)
Perceptions versus Objective Reality	145	(1)
Perceptions of Body Weight by African-American and White Adolescent Girls	145	(4)
Symbolic Interaction	148	(1)
Code-Switching	148	(1)
Cultural Factors in Interpersonal Communication	149	(6)
Talk and Silence	150	(1)
Speaking Style	151	(1)
Turn-Taking	152	(1)
Self-Disclosure	152	(1)
Content versus Relationship	153	(1)
Face	154	(1)
The Guest Who Came to Dinner, in Japan	155	(2)
Listening	157	(1)
Summary	158	(3)
Nonverbal Communication	161	(28)
Importance of Nonverbal Communication	162	(3)
The Meaning of Feet in Intercultural Negotiation	165	(2)
The Evolution of Nonverbal Communication	167	(4)
Charles Darwin	168	(2)
Edward Hall at the FSI	170	(1)
Raymond Birdwhistell	170	(1)
Cultural Factors in Nonverbal Communication	171	(1)
Types of Nonverbal Communication	172	(14)
Body Movements	172	(4)
Space	176	(5)
Time	181	(1)
Touch	182	(2)
Voice	184	(1)
Artifacts	184	(1)
Physical Appearance	185	(1)
The Truth about Lying	186	(1)
Cultural Misunderstandings in Nonverbal Communication	186	(1)
Summary	187	(2)
Assimilation, Mass Communication, and Sojourning	189	(32)
Assimilation and Acculturation	190	(3)
Early Research on Mass Communication and Culture	190	(1)
The Continuum from Assimilation to Cultural Maintenance	191	(2)
Maintaining a Distinctive Culture: The Gypsies	193	(2)
Changing Demographics	194	(1)
Ethnic Media in New York City	195	(7)
Ethnic Groups in the United States	196	(3)
The Role of Language in Cultural Maintenance	199	(2)
Networks in the Assimilation Process	201	(1)
Contemporary Migration to America	202	(2)
The Policy Issue of Immigration	204	(3)
The Role of the Media	207	(4)
Bias in the Media	208	(2)
Impacts of the Mass Media	210	(1)
The Sojourner	211	(1)
Culture Shock	212	(5)
The U-Curve of Cultural Adjustment	214	(3)
Reentry	217	(1)
You Gotta Have Wa	217	(2)
Summary	219	(2)
Becoming More Intercultural	221	(22)
Intercultural Competence	221	(2)
Overcoming Ethnocentrism	223	(4)
Experiential Training	224	(1)
Cultural Relativism	225	(1)
From Ethnocentrism to Ethnorelativism	226	(1)
Overcoming Stereotypes	227	(1)
Derivation of Stereotypes	227	(1)
Stereotypes as Codes	228	(1)
Overcoming as Codes	228	(3)
Overcoming Prejudice and Discrimination	230	(1)
Prejudice	230	(1)
Discrimination	231	(1)
A Navajo Perspective on Prejudice	232	(5)
Overcoming Conflict	237	(1)
Toward Multiculturalism	238	(2)
Summary	240	(3)
The Global Village	243	(22)
Development Programs in Third World Countries	243	(4)
What Is Development?	244	(1)
What Is Development Communication?	244	(2)
Change Agent/Client Heterophily	246	(1)
Introducing Water-Boiling in a Peruvian Village	247	(4)
Sustainability of Development Programs	248	(1)
Empowerment	249	(2)
Thrown Out on the Edge of Asia	251	(3)
Mass Media and Development	253	(1)
The Ethics of Changing Someone Else's Culture	254	(1)
Rise of the Megacity	255	(2)
Los Angeles as a Cultural Mosaic	257	(1)
The Global Business Village of Today	258	(1)
Nemawashi: Digging around the Roots	259	(2)
Gift-Giving around the World	261	(2)
Toward a Global Culture	263	(2)
Glossary	265	(6)
References	271	(14)
Name Index	285	(4)
Subject Index	289