Intercultural Interaction A Multidisciplinary Approach to Intercultural Communication

by Spencer-Oatey, Helen; Franklin, Peter

• ISBN13: 9781403986313
• ISBN10: 1403986312
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2009-09-15
• Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan

Summary

Written in a highly accessible style and in four parts, this book provides rapid and authoritative access to current ideas and practice in intercultural communication. It draws on concepts and findings from a range of different disciplines and uses authentic examples of intercultural interaction to illustrate points.

Author Biography

HELEN SPENCER-OATEY is Director of the Centre of Applied Linguistics at Warwick University, UK. She leads the Global People project on intercultural effectiveness, and researches and writes on language, culture and the management of rapport. Her interest in these areas developed when living for many years in Hong Kong and Shanghai.

PETER FRANKLIN is Professor of Business English and intercultural business and management communication at HTWG Konstanz University of Applied Sciences, Germany. He is a co-founder member of the KleM Institute for Intercultural Management, Values and Communication and is the editor of the internet-based knowledge and learning community The Delta Intercultural Academy.

Table of Contents

List of Figures	p. xi
General Editors' Preface	p. xii
Acknowledgements	p. xiv
Introduction	p. 1
Aim and readership of the book	p. 1
Title of the book	p. 3
Authors' subjectivity	p. 6
Overview of the book	p. 8
Conceptualizing Intercultural Interaction
Unpacking Culture	p. 13
Defining Culture	p. 13
Etic frameworks for comparing cultures: multidisciplinary perspectives	p. 16
Frameworks in psychology	p. 17
Frameworks in anthropology	p. 22
Frameworks in international business	p. 26
Frameworks in applied linguistics and discourse studies	p. 29
Emic perspectives on culture	p. 33
Culture and regularity	p. 34
Types of cultural regularity	p. 34
Culture, regularity and variability	p. 35
Culture and social groups	p. 40
Culture and religious groups	p. 41
Culture and organizations	p. 42
Culture and professional groups	p. 43
Culture and communities of practice	p. 45
Culture and multi-group membership	p. 46
Culture and representation	p. 46
Concluding comments	p. 48
Suggestions for further reading	p. 48
Intercultural Interaction Competence (ICIC)	p. 50
Introduction: terminology and definitions	p. 51
The contribution of psychology and communications studies	p. 53
Goals of ICIC identified by psychologists and communication scholars	p. 53
Components of ICIC identified by psychologists and communication scholars	p. 55
ICIC conceptual frameworks developed by psychologists and communication scholars	p. 58
The contribution of applied linguistics and foreign language education	p. 63
Applied linguists' concerns about criteria of ICIC	p. 64
ICIC conceptual frameworks developed by applied linguists and foreign language education specialists	p. 65
The contribution of international business and management studies	p. 69
Components of ICIC identified by international business and management scholars	p. 70
ICIC conceptual frameworks developed by international business and management scholars	p. 75
Concluding comments	p. 79
Suggestions for further reading	p. 79
Achieving Understanding in Intercultural Interaction	p. 81
The communication process and message communication competencies	p. 82
An authentic example: misconstruals of meaning	p. 82
Effective use of message communication competencies	p. 85
Ineffective use of message communication competencies	p. 87
Non-verbal behaviour	p. 92
The communication process revisited	p. 95
Achieving understanding through an interpreter	p. 96
Concluding comments	p. 99
Suggestions for further reading	p. 100
Promoting Rapport in Intercultural Interaction	p. 101
Rapport and rapport management competencies	p. 102
An authentic example: a problematic business meeting	p. 103
Contextual awareness	p. 105
Participant relations	p. 105
Role rights and obligations	p. 106
Type of communicative activity	p. 107
Contextual awareness and Experimental Example 5.1	p. 108
Interpersonal attentiveness	p. 109
Face	p. 109
Behavioural expectations	p. 111
Interactional goals	p. 112
Interpersonal attentiveness and Experimental Example 5.1	p. 114
Information gathering	p. 115
Social attuning	p. 116
Emotion regulation	p. 117
Strategies for managing rapport	p. 117
Orientations towards repport	p. 117
Rapport management strategies	p. 119
Strategies for managing conflict	p. 123
Concluding comments	p. 127
Suggestions for further reading	p. 128
Confronting Disadvantage and Domination in Intercultural Interaction	p. 130
Impression management and disadvantage	p. 130
What is impression management?	p. 131
Managing and perceiving impressions in intercultural interaction	p. 132
Stereotypes and disadvantage	p. 137
Stereotypes and intercultural interaction	p. 137
What are stereotypes?	p. 139
Are stereotypes harmful?	p. 142
Prejudice, conscious discrimination and deliberate domination	p. 145
English as a world language, and disadvantage	p. 147
Concluding comments	p. 149
Suggestions for further reading	p. 149
Adapting to Unfamiliar Cultures	p. 151
Culture shock and stress	p. 151
Understanding culture shock and stress	p. 151
Managing culture shock and stress	p. 155
Personal growth	p. 158
Sensitivity to difference and personal growth	p. 158
Identity and personal growth	p. 160
Adaptation and the social context	p. 165
Concluding comments	p. 169
Suggestions for further reading	p. 169
Promoting Competence in Intercultural Interaction
Assessing Competence in Intercultural Interaction	p. 173
Assessment instruments	p. 174
Purposes of assessment instruments	p. 175
Criteria to guide the selection of assessment instruments	p. 176
Assessing value orientations	p. 178
Assessing intercultural interaction competence	p. 182
Assessing both value orientations and intercultural interaction competence	p. 189
Assessing intercultural interaction competence in the school and university education context	p. 190
Assessing intercultural interaction competence for certification purposes	p. 192
Assessing and developing value orientations and intercultural interaction competence at the organizational level	p. 195
Concluding comments	p. 197
Suggestions for further reading	p. 198
Developing Competence in Intercultural Interaction	p. 199
The term 'development' and its conceptualization	p. 199
Aims and outcomes of ICIC development	p. 201
Developing ICIC in professional contexts	p. 202
Preparing development interventions	p. 203
Conducting development interventions: content	p. 210
Conducting development interventions: methods	p. 217
Evaluating development interventions	p. 225
Developing ICIC in the school education context	p. 225
Aims in school curricula	p. 226
Aims and outcomes in the school classroom	p. 229
Methods recommended in school curricula	p. 231
Methods used in the school classroom	p. 231
The qualification profile of the developer	p. 236
Concluding comments	p. 240
Suggestions for further reading	p. 241
Researching Intercultural Interaction
Research Topics in Intercultural Interaction	p. 245
Researching intercultural interaction competence (cf. Chapters 3 and 8)	p. 246
Researching understanding and rapport in intercultural interaction (cf. Chapters 4 and 5)	p. 249
Researching disadvantage and domination in intercultural interaction (cf. Chapter 6)	p. 253
Researching adaptation to unfamiliar cultures (cf. Chapter 7)	p. 257
Researching intercultural interaction competence development (cf. Chapter 9)	p. 261
Concluding comments	p. 265
Culture and the Research Process	p. 266
Culture and initial planning	p. 266
Culture-comparative or culture-interactional research	p. 266
'Handling' culture in research	p. 267
The challenge of decentring	p. 269
Culture and data collection	p. 271
Collecting authentic interaction data	p. 271
Collecting self-report data: generic issues	p. 272
Collecting self-report data: using standard instruments	p. 280
Collecting semi-experimental data	p. 284
The researcher-participant relationships	p. 285
Culture and data analysis and interpretation	p. 286
Analysing quantitative data	p. 286
Interpreting the 'meaning' of qualitative data	p. 288
Interpreting intercultural interaction data	p. 289
Epistemological positions and data analysis	p. 289
Culture and research ethics	p. 290
Differing perspectives on ethical procedures	p. 290
Represetation of groups	p. 291
Suggestions for further reading	p. 291
Resources
Resources	p. 295
Books	p. 296
Journals	p. 300
Associations and conferences	p. 304
Websites	p. 307
Assessment instruments	p. 311
Resources for developing intercultural interaction competence	p. 319
Books	p. 319
Games and simulations	p. 320
Internet resources	p. 322
Videos, DVDs and hybrid materials	p. 322
Publishers of videos, DVDs and hybrid material	p. 324
References	p. 326
Index	p. 353
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