Introduction to Business Information Systems

by Wigand, Rolf T.; Mertens, Peter; Bodendorf, Freimut; Konig, Wolfgang; Picot, Arnold; Schumann, Matthias

• ISBN13: 9783540003366
• ISBN10: 3540003363
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2003-09-01
• Publisher: Springer Verlag

Summary

An introduction to the fundamentals of business information systems that provides a quick and thorough overview. After describing the functions of the PC and the role of computers in local and global networks the authors explain fundamentals of data management, as well as the support of firms' functions and processes through information processing. The concepts utilized are deployed in a multitude of modern and integrated application systems in manufacturing and service industries. These application examples serve as the core of the book. Many application examples illustrate the methodologies addressed. By reading this book, MBA students as well as undergraduate business and management students will learn about the information systems' internal role of integrating the enterprise through a cohesive set of business processes and functional applications in order to meet business needs.

Table of Contents

1 The Subject of Business Information Systems	1	(10)
1.1 Examples of Business Application Systems	1	(4)
1.2 Information as a Factor in Production	5	(1)
1.3 Business Information Systems in the Context of Different Subjects	6	(3)
1.4 Structure of the Book	9	(1)
1.5 Literature for Chapter 1	10	(1)
2 Computers and Networks	11	(44)
2.1 Hardware	11	(9)
2.1.1 Central Processing Unit	14	(1)
2.1.1.1 Processor	14	(1)
2.1.1.2 Main Memory	14	(1)
2.1.2 External Memory	15	(3)
2.1.3 Data Paths	18	(1)
2.1.4 Data Input and Output Devices	18	(2)
2.2 Software	20	(12)
2.2.1 System Software	21	(6)
2.2.1.1 Operating Systems for Microcomputers	21	(2)
2.2.1.2 Programming Languages	23	(3)
2.2.1.3 Translation Programs	26	(1)
2.2.1.4 Utility Programs, Protocols and Drivers	27	(1)
2.2.2 Application Software	27	(5)
2.2.2.1 Standard Software	27	(4)
2.2.2.1.1 Basic Software	28	(1)
2.2.2.1.2 Standard Office Software	29	(1)
2.2.2.1.3 Standard Business Software Supporting Functions of Enterprises	30	(1)
2.2.2.2 Individual Software	31	(1)
2.3 Computer Classification	32	(2)
2.3.1 Mainframe Computers	32	(1)
2.3.2 Workstations	33	(1)
2.3.3 Network Computers and Thin-Clients	34	(1)
2.4 Computer Networks and Network Architectures	34	(8)
2.4.1 Components of Computer Networks	35	(2)
2.4.2 Local Area Networks	37	(2)
2.4.3 Wide Area Networks	39	(1)
2.4.4 Client-Server Concept as a Model for Cooperation	40	(2)
2.5 Worldwide Networking: The Internet	42	(10)
2.5.1 The Protocol Family TCP/IP	44	(2)
2.5.2 Services and Technologies of Networking	46	(1)
2.5.3 Intranets and Extranets	47	(1)
2.5.4 Security in Information and Communication Networks	48	(3)
2.5.5 Computer and Network Infrastructures	51	(1)
2.6 Literature for Chapter 2	52	(3)
3 Data and their Integration	55	(24)
3.1 Data and Databases	56	(13)
3.1.1 Goals and Requirements of Data Integration	56	(1)
3.1.2 Classification of Data	57	(1)
3.1.3 Basic Terminology and Data Organization	57	(2)
3.1.4 Database Organization vs. Data File Organization	59	(1)
3.1.5 Components of a Database System	60	(1)
3.1.6 Architecture of a Database System	61	(2)
3.1.7 Data Structuring	63	(1)
3.1.8 Database Models	64	(4)
3.1.8.1 Relational Database Models	64	(2)
3.1.8.2 Object-oriented Database Models	66	(2)
3.1.9 Query Possibilities for Database Systems	68	(1)
3.2 Networked Databases	69	(9)
3.2.1 Distributed Database Systems	69	(2)
3.2.2 Data Warehouse	71	(3)
3.2.3 Online Analytical Processing	74	(1)
3.2.4 External Databases and Information Retrieval	74	(1)
3.2.5 The Internet as a Database	75	(1)
3.2.6 Research on the Internet	76	(2)
3.3 Literature for Chapter 3	78	(1)
4 Goals, Forms and Means of Integrated Data Processing	79	(14)
4.1 Goals	79	(1)
4.2 Forms	79	(3)
4.3 Methodological Aids	82	(9)
4.3.1 Systems for Procedural Support	82	(2)
4.3.1.1 Transaction Systems	82	(1)
4.3.1.2 Workflow Management Systems	82	(1)
4.3.1.3 Document Management Systems	83	(1)
4.3.1.4 Workgroup Support Systems	83	(1)
4.3.1.5 Knowledge Management Systems	84	(1)
4.3.2 Planning and Control Systems	84	(9)
4.3.2.1 Types of Planning and Control Systems	85	(2)
4.3.2.2 Aids for Preparing Management Information	87	(2)
4.3.2.2.1 Determination and Representation of Report Objects	87	(1)
4.3.2.2.2 Management Support Systems	88	(1)
4.3.2.3 Methods of Artificial Intelligence	89	(1)
4.3.2.4 Methods of Operation Research and Statistics/Method Databases	90	(1)
4.4 Literature to Chapter 4	91	(2)
5 Integrated Application Systems	93	(76)
5.1 Application Systems in the Industry Sector	93	(32)
5.1.1 Research and Product Development	94	(2)
5.1.1.1 Product Design (CAD/CAE)	94	(1)
5.1.1.2 Computer Aided Planning (CAP)	95	(1)
5.1.2 Marketing and Sales	96	(3)
5.1.2.1 Customer Inquiry and Sales Offer Processing	96	(1)
5.1.2.2 Quotation Follow-up	97	(1)
5.1.2.3 Order Entry and Order Verification	97	(1)
5.1.2.4 Customer Relationship Management (CRM)	98	(1)
5.1.3 Procurement	99	(4)
5.1.3.1 Order Scheduling	99	(2)
5.1.3.2 Purchasing	101	(1)
5.1.3.3 Delivery Monitoring	102	(1)
5.1.3.4 Goods Receiving Control	103	(1)
5.1.4 Warehousing	103	(2)
5.1.4.1 Material Valuation	103	(1)
5.1.4.2 Inventory Control	103	(1)
5.1.4.3 Inventory	104	(1)
5.1.4.4 Support of Processes in the Warehouse	104	(1)
5.1.5 Production	105	(9)
5.1.5.1 CIM-The Complexity Problem	105	(2)
5.1.5.2 Primary Requirements Planning/MRP II	107	(1)
5.1.5.3 Material Requirements Planning/MRP I	108	(1)
5.1.5.4 Throughput Scheduling	109	(1)
5.1.5.5 Capacity Balancing	110	(1)
5.1.5.6 Availability Check	110	(1)
5.1.5.7 Order Clearance	111	(1)
5.1.5.8 Job Shop Scheduling	111	(1)
5.1.5.9 Computer Aided Manufacturing	112	(1)
5.1.5.10 Computer Aided Quality Assurance (CAQ)	113	(1)
5.1.5.11 Production Data Entry	114	(1)
5.1.5.12 Production Progress Control	114	(1)
5.1.6 Shipping	114	(2)
5.1.6.1 Assignation	114	(1)
5.1.6.2 Delivery Clearance	115	(1)
5.1.6.3 Shipping Logistics	115	(1)
5.1.6.4 Invoicing	116	(1)
5.1.7 Customer Service	116	(1)
5.1.7.1 Maintenance/Repair	116	(1)
5.1.7.2 Customer Queries	116	(1)
5.1.8 Finance	117	(1)
5.1.9 Accounting	117	(3)
5.1.9.1 Cost and Result Accounting	117	(2)
5.1.9.1.1 Cost Center Accounting	117	(1)
5.1.9.1.2 Product Cost Accounting	118	(1)
5.1.9.2 Supplier Accounts Auditing	119	(1)
5.1.9.3 General Accounting	119	(1)
5.1.9.4 Sub-Ledger Accounting	120	(1)
5.1.9.4.1 Accounts Receivable	120	(1)
5.1.9.4.2 Accounts Payable	120	(1)
5.1.10 Human Resources	120	(2)
5.1.10.1 Work Schedule Management	120	(1)
5.1.10.2 Payroll Accounting	121	(1)
5.1.10.3 Reporting Programs	121	(1)
5.1.10.4 Special Action Programs	121	(1)
5.1.10.5 Employees-Tasks-Assignments	121	(1)
5.1.11 Facility Management	122	(1)
5.1.12 An Example of a Computer-supported Planning System	122	(2)
5.1.13 Example of a Computer-supported Control System	124	(1)
5.2 Application Systems in the Services Sector	125	(36)
5.2.1 Particularities of the Services Sector	125	(4)
5.2.2 Information Systems Support of Service Processes I	I26
5.2.3 Marketing in the Service Process	129	(5)
5.2.3.1 Special Considerations	129	(1)
5.2.3.2 Use of the Internet	130	(1)
5.2.3.3 Micro-geographic Systems in Insurance Marketing	131	(1)
5.2.3.4 Sales Force Support in Insurance Sales	132	(2)
5.2.4 Performance Provision in the Service Process	134	(2)
5.2.4.1 Special Considerations	134	(1)
5.2.4.2 Yield-Management Systems in the Tourism Industry	134	(2)
5.2.5 Information and Advising in the Service Process	136	(3)
5.2.5.1 Special Considerations	136	(1)
5.2.5.2 Enquiry Systems in Passenger Traffic	136	(1)
5.2.5.3 Advisory Systems in Retail Sales	137	(1)
5.2.5.4 Advisory Systems in the Bank Investments Area	138	(1)
5.2.6 Agreement in the Service Process	139	(3)
5.2.6.1 Special Considerations	139	(1)
5.2.6.2 Individualized Magazine Offers	139	(1)
5.2.6.3 Securities Trading at the Electronic Stock Exchange	140	(2)
5.2.7 Settlement in the Service Process	142	(9)
5.2.7.1 Special Considerations	142	(2)
5.2.7.2 Services in the Health Care Sector	144	(3)
5.2.7.3 Awarding Bank Credit	147	(1)
5.2.7.4 Freight Forwarding	148	(2)
5.2.7.5 Services in the Hotel Business	150	(1)
5.2.8 Billing and Payment in the Service Process	151	(10)
5.2.8.1 Special Considerations	151	(1)
5.2.8.2 Point-of-Sale Billing and Payment	152	(3)
5.2.8.3 Payment with a Pre-paid Card	155	(2)
5.2.8.4 Payment with a Debit Card	157	(1)
5.2.8.5 Cashless Transaction Systems of Banks	158	(3)
5.3 Electronic Commerce	161	(3)
5.3.1 Overview	161	(2)
5.3.2 Flow of an E-Commerce Business Transaction	163	(1)
5.4 Integration of Enterprises through Supply Chain Management	164	(2)
5.5 Literature for Chapter 5	166	(3)
6 Planning, Implementation and Deployment of Application Systems	169	(28)
6.1 Fundamental Decision: Software Packages versus Individual Software	169	(2)
6.2 Structuring of Projects	171	(11)
6.2.1 System Development Life Cycle for Custom Software	171	(8)
6.2.1.1 Planning Step	172	(1)
6.2.1.2 Definition Step	172	(2)
6.2.1.3 Design Step	174	(2)
6.2.1.4 Implementation Step	176	(1)
6.2.1.5 Acceptance and Introduction Step	177	(1)
6.2.1.6 Maintenance Step	177	(1)
6.2.1.7 Life-cycle-spanning Characteristics	178	(1)
6.2.2 Prototyping for Individual Software	179	(1)
6.2.3 Phase Model for Software Packages	179	(3)
6.2.3.1 Selection and Installation	180	(1)
6.2.3.2 Adaptation and Initialization	181	(1)
6.2.3.3 Maintenance	181	(1)
6.3 Project Management	182	(4)
6.3.1 Project Organization	182	(1)
6.3.2 Project Planning and Control	183	(3)
6.4 Tools for Project Implementation	186	(9)
6.4.1 Modeling Techniques	186	(8)
6.4.1.1 Process Modeling	186	(1)
6.4.1.2 Data Modeling	187	(3)
6.4.1.3 Modeling of Functions	190	(2)
6.4.1.4 Object Modeling	192	(2)
6.4.2 Tools	194	(1)
6.4.3 Libraries	194	(1)
6.5 Literature for Chapter 6	195	(2)
7 Management Information Systems	197	(28)
7.1 Strategic Planning of Information Systems	197	(14)
7.1.1 Defining an Information Systems Strategy	197	(7)
7.1.1.1 Deriving the Information Systems Strategy from the Enterprise Strategy	198	(2)
7.1.1.2 Organizational Change through the Information Systems Strategy	200	(4)
7.1.2 Determining the Information Systems Architecture	204	(2)
7.1.3 The Selection of Information Systems Projects	206	(5)
7.1.3.1 Information Systems Project Portfolios	206	(1)
7.1.3.2 Analyses of the Profitability of Information Systems	207	(4)
7.2 Organization of Information Systems	211	(5)
7.2.1 Internal Production or External Procurement of Information Systems Performances	211	(1)
7.2.2 Placement of Information Systems in the Business Organization	212	(2)
7.2.3 Internal Organization of the Information System Area	214	(2)
7.3 Additional Management Aspects	216	(7)
7.3.1 Legal Aspects of Information Systems	216	(5)
7.3.1.1 Data Protection and Data Privacy	216	(3)
7.3.1.2 Authentication	219	(1)
7.3.1.3 Additional Legal Considerations	220	(1)
7.3.2 Professional Career Roles in Information Systems	221	(2)
7.4 Literature for Chapter 7	223	(2)
Further Readings	225	(6)
Index	231