Introduction to Electric Circuits

by Dorf, Richard C.; Svoboda, James A.

• ISBN13: 9780471386896
• ISBN10: 0471386898
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2000-08-01
• Publisher: John Wiley & Sons Inc

Summary

This introduction provides step-by-step instructions for using PSpice and Orcad Capture to analyze ac and dc circuits, circuits in the time domain to determine the complete response, and circuits in the frequency domain to determine the frequency response.

Author Biography

Richard C. Dorf is professor of electrical and computer engineering at the University of California, Davis James A. Svoboda is an associate professor of electrical and computer engineering at Clarkson University

Table of Contents

Electric Circuit Variables	1	(29)
Preview	1	(1)
Design Challenge---Jet Valve Controller	2	(1)
The Early History of Electrical Science	2	(6)
Electric Circuits and Current Flow	8	(5)
Systems of Units	13	(2)
Voltage	15	(1)
Power and Energy	16	(3)
Voltmeters and Ammeters	19	(1)
Circuit Analysis and Design	20	(2)
Verification Example	22	(1)
Design Challenge Solution---Jet Valve Controller	22	(2)
Summary	24	(5)
Problems	24	(3)
Verification Problems	27	(1)
Design Problems	27	(2)
Circuit Elements	29	(36)
Preview	29	(1)
Design Challenge---Temperature Sensor	30	(1)
Thomas A. Edison---The First Electrical Engineer	30	(2)
Engineering and Linear Models	32	(4)
Active and Passive Circuit Elements	36	(2)
Resistors	38	(3)
Independent Sources	41	(3)
Voltmeters and Ammeters	44	(2)
Dependent Sources	46	(5)
Transducers	51	(1)
Switches	52	(2)
Verification Example	54	(1)
Design Challenge Solution---Temperature Sensor	55	(2)
Summary	57	(8)
Problems	58	(4)
Verification Problems	62	(1)
Design Problems	63	(2)
Resistive Circuits	65	(42)
Preview	65	(1)
Design Challenge---Adjustable Voltage Source	66	(1)
Electric Circuit Applications	67	(1)
Kirchhoff's Laws	68	(6)
A Single-Loop Circuit---The Voltage Divider	74	(4)
Parallel Resistors and Current Division	78	(5)
Series Voltage Sources and Parallel Current Sources	83	(2)
Circuit Analysis	85	(4)
Analyzing Resistive Circuits Using MATLAB	89	(2)
Verification Example	91	(1)
Design Challenge Solution---Adjustable Voltage Source	92	(3)
Design Example---Voltage Divider	95	(1)
Summary	96	(11)
Problems	97	(7)
Verification Problems	104	(1)
Design Problems	105	(2)
Methods of Analysis of Resistive Circuits	107	(48)
Preview	107	(1)
Design Challenge---Potentiometer Angle Display	108	(1)
Electric Circuits for Communications	109	(2)
Node Voltage Analysis of Circuits with Current Sources	111	(6)
Node Voltage Analysis of Circuits with Current and Voltage Sources	117	(3)
Node Voltage Analysis with Dependent Sources	120	(3)
Mesh Current Analysis with Independent Voltage Sources	123	(3)
Mesh Current Analysis with Current Sources	126	(6)
The Node Voltage Method and Mesh Current Method Compared	132	(1)
DC Analysis Using PSpice	133	(3)
DC Analysis Using MATLAB	136	(2)
Verification Examples	138	(2)
Design Challenge Solution---Potentiometer Angle Display	140	(3)
Summary	143	(12)
Problems	144	(6)
PSpice Problems	150	(1)
Verification Problems	151	(1)
Design Problems	152	(3)
Circuit Theorems	155	(50)
Preview	155	(1)
Design Challenge---Strain Gauge Bridge	156	(1)
Electric Power for Cities	157	(1)
Source Transformations	158	(5)
Superposition	163	(4)
Thevenin's Theorem	167	(8)
Norton's Equivalent Circuit	175	(4)
Maximum Power Transfer	179	(5)
Further Use of PSpice for DC Analysis	184	(2)
Using MATLAB to Determine the Thevenin Equivalent Circuit	186	(2)
Verification Example	188	(2)
Design Challenge Solution---Strain Gauge Bridge	190	(2)
Summary	192	(13)
Problems	193	(6)
PSpice Problems	199	(1)
Verification Problems	200	(1)
Design Problems	201	(4)
The Operational Amplifier	205	(50)
Preview	205	(1)
Design Challenge---Transducer Interface Circuit	206	(1)
Electronics	206	(2)
The Operational Amplifier	208	(2)
The Ideal Operational Amplifier	210	(3)
Nodal Analysis of Circuits Containing Ideal Operational Amplifiers	213	(3)
Design Using Operational Amplifiers	216	(8)
Characteristics of Practical Operational Amplifiers	224	(9)
The Operational Amplifier and PSpice	233	(5)
Analysis of Op Amp Circuits Using MATLAB	238	(2)
Verification Example	240	(1)
Design Challenge Solution---Transducer Interface Circuit	241	(3)
Summary	244	(11)
Problems	244	(7)
PSpice Problems	251	(1)
Verification Problems	252	(1)
Design Problems	253	(2)
Energy Storage Elements	255	(48)
Preview	255	(1)
Design Challenge---Integrator and Switch	256	(1)
Electric Energy Storage Devices	257	(2)
Capacitors	259	(6)
Energy Storage in a Capacitor	265	(4)
Series and Parallel Capacitors	269	(3)
Inductors	272	(5)
Energy Storage in an Inductor	277	(3)
Series and Parallel Inductors	280	(2)
Initial Conditions of Switched Circuits	282	(5)
The Operational Amplifier and RC Circuits	287	(1)
Using MATLAB to Plot Capacitor or Inductor Voltage and Current	288	(2)
Verification Example	290	(2)
Design Challenge Solution---Integrator and Switch	292	(2)
Summary	294	(9)
Problems	296	(6)
Verification Problems	302	(1)
Design Problems	302	(1)
The Complete Response of RL and RC Circuits	303	(60)
Preview	303	(4)
Design Challenge---A Computer and Printer	307	(1)
Signals and Communications	308	(3)
The Response of a First-Order Circuit to a Constant Input	311	(11)
Sequential Switching	322	(5)
Stability of First-Order Circuits	327	(3)
The Unit Step Source	330	(3)
The Response of a First-Order Circuit to a Nonconstant Source	333	(6)
Differential Operators	339	(3)
The Complete Response Using PSpice	342	(1)
Verification Examples	343	(4)
Design Challenge Solution---A Computer and Printer	347	(2)
Summary	349	(14)
Problems	351	(8)
PSpice Problems	359	(1)
Verification Problems	360	(1)
Design Problems	361	(2)
The Complete Response of Circuits with Two Energy Storage Elements	363	(52)
Preview	363	(1)
Design Challenge---Auto Airbag Igniter	364	(1)
Communications and Power Systems	364	(2)
Differential Equation for Circuits with Two Energy Storage Elements	366	(5)
Solution of the Second-Order Differential Equation---The Natural Response	371	(3)
Natural Response of the Unforced Parallel RLC Circuit	374	(3)
Natural Response of the Critically Damped Unforced Parallel RLC Circuit	377	(1)
Natural Response of an Underdamped Unforced Parallel RLC Circuit	378	(3)
Forced Response of an RLC Circuit	381	(4)
Complete Response of an RLC Circuit	385	(4)
State Variable Approach to Circuit Analysis	389	(5)
Roots in the Complex Plane	394	(1)
PSpice Analysis of the RLC Circuit	395	(3)
Verification Example	398	(1)
Design Challenge Solution---Auto Airbag Igniter	399	(2)
Summary	401	(14)
Problems	403	(7)
PSpice Problems	410	(1)
Verification Problems	411	(2)
Design Problems	413	(2)
Sinusoidal Steady-State Analysis	415	(66)
Preview	415	(1)
Design Challenge---Op Amp Circuit	416	(1)
Alternating Current Becomes Standard	416	(2)
Sinusoidal Sources	418	(3)
Steady-State Response of an RL Circuit for a Sinusoidal Forcing Function	421	(2)
Complex Exponential Forcing Function	423	(4)
The Phasor Concept	427	(4)
Phasor Relationships for R, L, and C Elements	431	(5)
Impedance and Admittance	436	(4)
Kirchhoff's Laws Using Phasors	440	(3)
Node Voltage and Mesh Current Analysis Using Phasors	443	(7)
Superposition Thevenin and Norton Equivalents, and `Source Transformations	450	(6)
Phasor Diagrams	456	(2)
Sinusoidal Steady-State Analysis Using PSpice	458	(1)
Phasor Circuits and the Operational Amplifier	458	(2)
Using MATLAB for Analysis of Steady-State Circuits with Sinusoidal Inputs	460	(1)
Verification Examples	461	(4)
Design Challenge Solution---Op Amp Circuit	465	(2)
Summary	467	(14)
Problems	468	(8)
PSpice Problems	476	(2)
Verification Problems	478	(1)
Design Problems	479	(2)
AC Steady-State Power	481	(58)
Preview	481	(1)
Design Challenge---Maximum Power Transfer	482	(1)
Electric Power	482	(3)
Instantaneous Power and Average Power	485	(4)
Effective Value of a Periodic Waveform	489	(3)
Complex Power	492	(5)
Power Factor	497	(6)
The Power Superposition Principle	503	(4)
The Maximum Power Transfer Theorem	507	(2)
Coupled Inductors	509	(6)
The Ideal Transformer	515	(4)
Transformer Circuit Analysis Using PSpice	519	(2)
Verification Example	521	(2)
Design Challenge Solution---Maximum Power Transfer	523	(2)
Summary	525	(14)
Problems	526	(9)
PSpice Problems	535	(1)
Verification Problems	536	(1)
Design Problems	536	(3)
Three-Phase Circuits	539	(38)
Preview	539	(2)
Design Challenge---Power Factor Correction	541	(1)
Tesla and Polyphase Circuits	541	(1)
Three-Phase Voltages	542	(2)
The Y-to-Y Circuit	544	(10)
The δ-Connected Source and Load	554	(1)
The Y-to-δCircuit	555	(4)
Balanced Three-Phase Circuits	559	(2)
Instantaneous and Average Power in a Balanced Three-Phase Load	561	(2)
Two-Wattmeter Power Measurement	563	(2)
The Balanced Three-Phase Circuit and PSpice	565	(1)
Verification Examples	566	(3)
Design Challenge Solution---Power Factor Correction	569	(1)
Summary	570	(7)
Problems	571	(3)
PSpice Problems	574	(1)
Verification Problems	574	(1)
Design Problems	575	(2)
Frequency Response	577	(56)
Preview	577	(2)
Design Challenge---Radio Tuner	579	(1)
Electronic Communication Systems	579	(2)
Gain, Phase Shift, and the Network Function	581	(7)
Bode Plots	588	(14)
Resonant Circuits	602	(7)
Frequency Response of Op Amp Circuits	609	(2)
Frequency Response Using PSpice	611	(2)
Plotting Bode Plots using MATLAB	613	(1)
Verification Examples	614	(4)
Design Challenge Solution---Radio Tuner	618	(3)
Summary	621	(12)
Problems	621	(7)
PSpice Problems	628	(1)
Verification Problems	629	(1)
Design Problems	629	(4)
The Laplace Transform	633	(54)
Preview	633	(1)
Design Challenge---Space Shuttle Cargo Door	634	(1)
Communications and Automation	634	(2)
Laplace Transform	636	(3)
Impulse Function and Time Shift Property	639	(4)
Inverse Laplace Transform	643	(6)
Initial and Final Value Theorems	649	(2)
Solution of Differential Equations Describing a Circuit	651	(5)
Circuit Analysis Using Impedance and Initial Conditions	656	(6)
Transfer Function and Impedance	662	(4)
Convolution Theorem	666	(2)
Stability	668	(2)
Partial Fraction Expansion Using MATLAB	670	(2)
Verification Examples	672	(2)
Design Challenge Solution---Space Shuttle Cargo Door	674	(3)
Summary	677	(10)
Problems	678	(6)
PSpice Problems	684	(1)
Verification Problems	685	(1)
Design Problems	685	(2)
Fourier Series and Fourier Transform	687	(50)
Preview	687	(1)
Design Challenge---DC Power Supply	688	(1)
Channels of Communication	688	(1)
The Fourier Series	689	(3)
Symmetry of the Function f(t)	692	(5)
Exponential Form of the Fourier Series	697	(4)
The Fourier Spectrum	701	(3)
The Truncated Fourier Series	704	(1)
Circuits and Fourier Series	705	(3)
The Fourier Transform	708	(2)
Fourier Transform Properties	710	(4)
The Spectrum of Signals	714	(2)
Convolution and Circuit Response	716	(2)
The Fourier Transform and the Laplace Transform	718	(2)
Fourier Series of a Waveform Using PSpice	720	(3)
Verification Example	723	(2)
Design Challenge Solution---DC Power Supply	725	(3)
Summary	728	(9)
Problems	729	(4)
PSpice Problems	733	(1)
Verification Problems	734	(1)
Design Problems	734	(3)
Filter Circuits	737	(42)
Preview	737	(1)
Design Challenge---Anti-Aliasing Filter	738	(1)
The Electric Filter	738	(1)
Filters	738	(4)
Second-Order Filters	742	(9)
High-Order Filters	751	(6)
Simulating Filter Circuits Using PSpice	757	(4)
Verification Examples	761	(3)
Design Challenge Solution---Anti-Aliasing Filter	764	(4)
Summary	768	(11)
Problems	768	(5)
PSpice Problems	773	(3)
Verification Problems	776	(1)
Design Problems	777	(2)
Two-Port and Three-Port Networks	779	(30)
Preview	779	(1)
Design Challenge---Transistor Amplifier	780	(1)
Amplifiers and Filters	780	(1)
Two-Port Networks	781	(1)
T-to-π Transformation and Two-Port Three-Terminal Networks	782	(2)
Equations of Two-Port Networks	784	(4)
Z and Y Parameters for a Circuit with Dependent Sources	788	(2)
Hybrid and Transmission Parameters	790	(2)
Relationships between Two-Port Parameters	792	(2)
Interconnection of Two-Port Networks	794	(3)
Using PSpice to Calculate Two-Port Parameters	797	(1)
Verification Example	798	(2)
Design Challenge Solution---Transistor Amplifier	800	(2)
Summary	802	(7)
Problems	802	(4)
PSpice Problems	806	(1)
Verification Problems	806	(1)
Design Problems	806	(3)
Appendix A Matrices, Determinants, and Cramer's Rule	809	(5)
Appendix B Complex Numbers	814	(4)
Appendix C Trigonometric Formulas	818	(1)
Appendix D Euler's Formula	819	(1)
Appendix E Standard Resistor Color Code	820	(2)
Appendix F Computer-Aided Analysis: Spice	822	(26)
Appendix G Computer-Aided Analysis: Designlab™	848	(11)
References	859	(2)
Index	861