Introduction to FACTS Controllers : Theory, Modeling, and Applications

by Kalyan K. Sen; Mey Ling Sen (Westinghouse Electro-Mechanical Division Technology Center and SEN Engineering Solutions )

• ISBN13: 9780470524732
• ISBN10: 0470524731
• Format: eBook
• Copyright: 2009-10-01
• Publisher: Wiley-IEEE Press

Summary

Demystifies FACTS controllers, offering solutions to power control and power flow problems Flexible alternating current transmission systems (FACTS) controllers represent one of the most important technological advances in recent years, both enhancing controllability and increasing power transfer capacity of electric power transmission networks. This timely publication serves as an applications manual, offering readers clear instructions on how to model, design, build, evaluate, and install FACTS controllers. Authors Kalyan Sen and Mey Ling Sen share their two decades of experience in FACTS controller research and implementation, including their own pioneering FACTS design breakthroughs. Readers gain a solid foundation in all aspects of FACTS controllers, including: Basic underlying theories Step-by-step evolution of FACTS controller development Guidelines for selecting the right FACTS controller Sample computer simulations in EMTP programming language Key differences in modeling such FACTS controllers as the voltage regulating transformer, phase angle regulator, and unified power flow controller Modeling techniques and control implementations for the three basic VSC-based FACTS controllers-STATCOM, SSSC, and UPFC In addition, the book describes a new type of FACTS controller, the Sen Transformer, which is based on technology developed by the authors. An appendix presents all the sample models that are discussed in the book, and the accompanying FTP site offers many more downloadable sample models as well as the full-color photographs that appear throughout the book. This book is essential reading for practitioners and students of power engineering around the world, offering viable solutions to the increasing problems of grid congestion and power flow limitations in electric power transmission systems.

Table of Contents

Foreword

Preface

Acknowledgements

Nomenclature

Applications of FACTS controllers

Power flow control concepts

Theory

Implementation of power flow control concepts

Interline power flow concept

Modeling principles

The modeling in EMTP

Vector Phase-Locked Loop (VPLL)

Transmission line steady-state resistance calculator

Simulation of an independent PFC in a single line application

Transformer-based FACTS controllers

Voltage Regulating Transformer (VRT)

Phase Angle Regulator (PAR)

Mechanically-switched FACTS controllers

Shunt compensation

Series compensation

Voltage-Sourced Converter (VSC)

Modeling an ideal VSC

DC-to-AC VSC

Discussion

Two-level pole design

A three-phase, six-pulse VSC with two-level poles

Analysis of a pole

VSC-based FACTS controllers

Shunt compensation

Series compensation

Shunt-series compensation using a Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC)

Sen Transformer

Existing solutions

Desired solution

Comparison among the VRT, PAR, UPFC, and ST

Multiline Sen Transformer

Basic differences between the MST and BTB-SSSC

Flexible operation of the ST

ST with shunt-connected compensating voltages

Limited angle operation of the ST with shunt-connected compensating voltages

MST with shunt-connected compensating voltages

Generalized Sen Transformer

Summary

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