Introduction to Game Programming in C++

by Thorn, Alan

• ISBN13: 9781598220322
• ISBN10: 1598220322
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2007-05-29
• Publisher: Jones & Bartlett Learning

Summary

Introduction to Game Programming with C++ is an exciting book for readers with no previous experience in game development. Starting from the basics of C++ and ending with the intracies of real-time 3D graphics, this book explores the interesting world of game making. It explains how to program, explores the meaning of object-oriented programming, and examines game algorithms, 2D and 3D games, sound and music, and how to create game installers. Overall, this book will introduce you to the world of game development and get you started on the right path to making games that sell.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments	p. xvii
Introduction	p. xix
Mathematics - The Language of Numbers	p. 1
Number Systems	p. 2
Decimal System (Base 10)	p. 3
Arithmetic	p. 4
Addition	p. 4
Subtraction	p. 4
Multiplication	p. 4
Division	p. 5
Number Parts	p. 5
Dividing into Parts and Several Parts	p. 6
Special Numbers	p. 7
Ratio	p. 8
Ratio and Proportion	p. 9
Corresponding Proportion or Alternate Proportion	p. 9
Ratios and Common Multipliers	p. 10
Ratios and Common Divisors	p. 10
Inverse Proportion	p. 10
Solving Problems with Ratios	p. 11
Discrete and Continuous Sets	p. 12
Fractions - Incomplete Measure	p. 13
Unit and Reciprocal Fractions	p. 15
Fractions and Whole Numbers	p. 16
Complements	p. 16
Equivalents	p. 17
Comparing Fractions	p. 18
Adding and Subtracting Fractions	p. 20
Multiplying and Dividing Fractions	p. 20
Decimal Notation - Damn Those Dots	p. 22
Converting Vulgar Fractions to Decimals	p. 23
Percentage	p. 24
As Ratio	p. 24
Percent as Fractions	p. 25
Percent Of	p. 25
Conclusion	p. 26
Algebra	p. 27
What Is Algebra?	p. 28
Rules of Algebra	p. 28
Parentheses	p. 28
Multiplication and Factors	p. 29
Distributive Multiplication	p. 29
Division and Multiplication	p. 30
Multiplication Notation	p. 30
Indices or Exponents	p. 30
Directed Numbers	p. 32
Addition with Negatives	p. 32
Subtraction with Negatives	p. 33
Multiplication with Negatives	p. 33
Division with Negatives	p. 33
Algebraic Expressions	p. 34
Coefficients	p. 34
Like Terms	p. 34
Collect Like Terms	p. 35
Linear Equations	p. 35
Rearranging Equations	p. 36
Balancing Equations	p. 37
Balancing Methods	p. 38
Simplification	p. 39
Inequalities	p. 40
Expressing Inequalities	p. 40
Compound Inequalities	p. 41
Chained/Continued Inequalities	p. 41
Solving Inequalities	p. 41
Simultaneous Linear Equations	p. 43
Solving by Substitution	p. 43
Solving by Elimination	p. 44
Conclusion	p. 46
The Pictures of Mathematics	p. 47
1D Coordinates	p. 48
2D Coordinates	p. 48
3D Coordinates	p. 49
Primitives and Properties of Space	p. 50
Vertices	p. 50
Lines and Line Segments	p. 50
Ray	p. 51
Angle	p. 51
Perpendicular	p. 51
Angle Types	p. 52
Parallel	p. 52
Polygons and Shapes	p. 53
Triangles	p. 54
Squares	p. 55
Area and Perimeter	p. 55
Square Numbers and Square Roots	p. 56
Right Triangles and the Pythagorean Theorem	p. 57
Right Triangles and Angles	p. 58
Sides, Angles, and Ratios	p. 59
Angle and Side Correspondence	p. 60
Side Lengths	p. 61
Co Functions	p. 61
Area of a Triangle	p. 62
The Circle	p. 63
Chords	p. 64
Central and Inscribed Angles	p. 64
Length of a Chord	p. 65
Pi ([pi])	p. 65
Radians	p. 66
Equations of Lines	p. 67
X and Y Intercept	p. 68
Gradients (Slopes)	p. 68
Slope Intercept Equation	p. 69
Vectors	p. 69
Vector Magnitude	p. 70
Unit Vector	p. 70
Conclusion	p. 70
C++ and Programming	p. 71
Programming	p. 72
C++ as a Language	p. 73
C++ IDE	p. 73
Microsoft Visual Studio.NET	p. 74
Code::Blocks	p. 75
Dev C++	p. 75
Using an IDE	p. 77
Projects	p. 77
Starting a New Visual C++ Project	p. 78
Starting a New Code::Blocks Project	p. 79
Starting a New Dev C++ Project	p. 81
Project Types	p. 81
Coding	p. 82
Compiling	p. 83
Compiling on Visual Studio	p. 83
Compiling on Code::Blocks	p. 84
Compiling on Dev C++	p. 85
Executing	p. 85
Executing on Visual Studio	p. 86
Executing on Code::Blocks	p. 86
Executing on Dev C++	p. 87
Debugging	p. 87
Debugging on Visual Studio .NET	p. 88
Debugging on Code::Blocks	p. 88
Debugging on Dev C++	p. 89
Opening and Saving Projects	p. 90
Conclusion	p. 90
The Basics of C++	p. 91
The First Program	p. 92
Comments	p. 93
Preprocessor Directives	p. 94
Functions	p. 94
Printing Text	p. 95
Conclusion	p. 95
Variables, Constants, and Arrays	p. 97
Constants	p. 98
Variables	p. 98
Data and Information	p. 98
Data in Memory	p. 99
Constants and Variables in Memory	p. 100
Data Types	p. 101
Integers	p. 101
Floats	p. 101
Boolean	p. 101
Char	p. 102
Constants in C++	p. 102
Variables in C++	p. 103
Arithmetic Operators	p. 104
Outputting Results	p. 105
Data and Arrays	p. 106
Array Definition	p. 106
Array Declaration	p. 107
Array Usage	p. 107
Two-dimensional Arrays	p. 108
Shorthand Operations	p. 108
Conclusion	p. 109
Controlling Program Flow	p. 111
Handling Input	p. 112
Making Decisions	p. 112
Conditional Operators	p. 113
Conditional Statements	p. 114
If Statement	p. 114
Using If	p. 115
If Else Statement	p. 115
Using If Else	p. 116
Logical Operators	p. 117
If Else Statements and Logical Operators	p. 117
Multiple Choice	p. 119
Switch-Case Statement	p. 120
Loops and Repetition	p. 121
For Loop	p. 121
Using For Loops	p. 122
While Loop	p. 122
Using the While Loop	p. 123
Do-While Loop	p. 124
Using the Do-While Loop	p. 125
Conclusion	p. 126
Pointers	p. 127
Memory Addresses	p. 128
Pointers	p. 128
Declaring Pointers	p. 129
Address Of	p. 129
Pointer Dereferencing	p. 130
Pointer Arithmetic	p. 130
Pointers and Arrays	p. 131
Using Pointers and Arrays	p. 131
Conclusion	p. 132
Functions	p. 133
Functions in Mathematics	p. 134
Function Notation	p. 134
Functions in C++	p. 135
Coding Functions	p. 135
Calling Functions	p. 137
Functions as Arguments	p. 138
Functions without Inputs and Outputs	p. 139
Functions and Variables	p. 140
Variable Scope	p. 140
Global, Local, and Block Variables	p. 141
Functions and Arguments as Pointers	p. 144
Recursive Functions	p. 145
Functions and Default Arguments	p. 146
Functions and Overloading	p. 147
Conclusion	p. 148
Data Structures and Classes	p. 149
Organizing Data	p. 150
Data Structures	p. 150
Declaring Data Structures	p. 151
Data Structures as Blueprints	p. 151
Data Structures and Members	p. 152
Data Structures and Size	p. 153
Further Data Representation	p. 153
Classes and Object Orientation	p. 154
Classes as Objects	p. 154
Classes and Objects	p. 156
Access Specifiers	p. 156
Classes and Access Specifiers	p. 157
Private and Public	p. 158
Constructors and Destructors	p. 159
Overloading Operators	p. 159
Overloading Operators in Practice	p. 160
Inheritance	p. 162
Class Inheritance	p. 162
Multiple Inheritance	p. 163
Pointers to Classes	p. 164
This Pointer	p. 164
Overriding Functions	p. 165
Polymorphism	p. 166
Polymorphism and Virtual Functions	p. 166
Conclusion	p. 168
Memory Allocation and Strings	p. 169
Memory Allocation	p. 170
New Keyword	p. 170
Delete Keyword	p. 171
Dynamic Arrays	p. 172
Strings	p. 172
Strings with std::string	p. 174
Creating std::string Objects	p. 174
Using Strings and the + Operator	p. 174
String Methods	p. 175
String Length	p. 175
String Conversion	p. 176
Inserting Characters	p. 176
Substrings	p. 177
Erase	p. 177
Replace	p. 178
String Processing	p. 178
Cycling through a String	p. 178
Cycling Backward through a String	p. 179
Reversing a String	p. 180
Conclusion	p. 181
File I/O and Command-Line Arguments	p. 183
Files	p. 184
Reading and Writing Files	p. 185
Writing Data to Files with std::ofstream	p. 185
Creating Files	p. 186
Opening Files	p. 186
Writing Data to Files	p. 186
Reading Data from Files with std::ifstream	p. 187
Opening Files	p. 187
Reading Data	p. 187
Seeking Data	p. 188
Command-Line Arguments	p. 190
Conclusion	p. 191
Algorithms	p. 193
Language and Content	p. 193
Common Algorithms	p. 195
Bubble Sort	p. 195
Linked Lists	p. 197
Stacks - Pop and Push	p. 204
Binary Heaps	p. 205
A Breakdown	p. 206
Child and Parent	p. 206
Pushing Items	p. 207
Popping Items	p. 210
Application	p. 212
Conclusion	p. 216
Game Programming	p. 217
Game Development	p. 218
Software Abstraction	p. 219
Graphics	p. 219
DirectX	p. 221
OpenGL	p. 222
Other Libraries	p. 222
SDL	p. 223
ClanLib	p. 223
OGRE 3D (Object-Oriented Graphics Rendering Engine)	p. 223
A Sound and Music	p. 224
OpenAL	p. 224
FMOD	p. 225
BASS	p. 225
More Middleware	p. 225
ODE (Open Dynamics Engine)	p. 226
Nullsoft Scriptable Install System	p. 226
Conclusion	p. 227
2D Games and ClanLib	p. 229
ClanLib	p. 230
Downloading ClanLib	p. 230
Building ClanLib	p. 231
First ClanLib Application	p. 232
Include Files	p. 232
Creating an Application Class	p. 233
Overriding the Main Method	p. 233
Initializing Game Objects	p. 234
Initializing Game Window	p. 234
Games and the Message Loop	p. 236
Graphics Rendering	p. 238
Conclusion	p. 239
ClanLib - Core Classes	p. 241
2D Games and Images	p. 242
Surfaces	p. 242
Drawing Surfaces	p. 244
Drawing a Surface in a Rectangle	p. 245
Drawing a Rectangular Selection from a Surface in a Rectangle	p. 246
Drawing a Surface Repeatedly	p. 246
Transformation	p. 247
Scale	p. 247
Rotation	p. 248
Color	p. 248
Alpha	p. 249
XML	p. 249
XML Defined	p. 249
Nodes and Elements	p. 251
Creating and Saving XML Using ClanLib	p. 251
Create an XML Document	p. 251
Create a Root Element	p. 251
Create Other Elements and Set Attributes	p. 252
Build the XML Hierarchy	p. 252
Save the XML Hierarchy to a File	p. 252
Load XML Using ClanLib	p. 252
Load an XML File into a Hierarchy	p. 252
Get the Root Element	p. 253
Resources	p. 253
Resource XML Files	p. 254
Creating Surfaces from Resources	p. 254
Sprites	p. 255
Defining Sprites in XML	p. 256
Creating Sprite Objects	p. 257
Drawing Sprite Objects	p. 257
Input	p. 258
Reading Input from the Keyboard	p. 258
Reading Input from the Mouse	p. 258
Determine Cursor Position	p. 258
Determine Button Status	p. 259
Conclusion	p. 259
ClanLib - Scene Management	p. 261
Scenes	p. 262
Scenes and Design	p. 262
Scene Implementation	p. 264
Scene Manager - Core Properties	p. 264
Scene Manager - Scene Objects	p. 265
Scene Manager - Object Relationships	p. 266
Layers	p. 268
Implementing Layers	p. 269
Layer Scene Objects	p. 270
Adding Scene Objects	p. 272
Cycling through Objects	p. 272
Deleting Scene Objects	p. 272
Painting a Layer	p. 273
Painting to a Surface	p. 273
CL_SceneLayer - Painting	p. 274
CL_SceneManager - Structure	p. 275
CL_SceneManager - XML	p. 275
CL_SceneManager - Load from XML	p. 277
Overview - Using Scene Manager	p. 279
Creating the Scene Manager Manually	p. 280
Creating the Scene Manager from XML	p. 281
Conclusion	p. 282
3D Games and OGRE 3D	p. 283
3D Games	p. 284
OGRE 3D	p. 285
Downloading OGRE 3D	p. 286
Installing OGRE 3D	p. 287
Compiling the OGRE 3D Samples	p. 288
Running the OGRE 3D Samples	p. 289
Creating an OGRE Application Using a Wizard	p. 289
Creating an OGRE Application Manually	p. 293
Creating a Main Function	p. 293
Deriving from ExampleApplication	p. 293
Running OGRE Applications	p. 294
Creating a Scene	p. 297
OGRE Log	p. 299
OGRE Documentation	p. 299
Conclusion	p. 300
Exploring OGRE 3D	p. 301
3D Scenes	p. 302
Entities	p. 302
Scene Nodes	p. 303
Creating 3D Scenes	p. 303
Create Entity	p. 304
Create SceneNode	p. 304
SceneNode Properties and Methods	p. 305
Lights	p. 306
Ambient Light	p. 306
Point Light	p. 307
Spotlight	p. 307
Directional Light	p. 307
Cameras	p. 307
Materials and Scripts	p. 309
Billboards	p. 311
Creating Billboards	p. 312
Particle Systems	p. 313
Scripted Particle Systems	p. 314
Loading Particle Systems	p. 316
Frame Listeners	p. 317
Registering Frame Listeners	p. 318
Input	p. 320
Keyboard Input	p. 321
Mouse Input	p. 321
Conclusion	p. 321
Other Gaming Libraries - Install and Sound	p. 323
Sound and Music	p. 324
FMOD	p. 324
Installing and Configuring	p. 327
Playing Sound and Music	p. 327
BASS	p. 328
Installing and Configuring	p. 329
Playing Sound and Music	p. 329
NSIS -Windows Installer	p. 330
Scripted Installs	p. 331
Writing a Script	p. 332
Compiling a Script	p. 335
Running an Installer	p. 335
Scripting	p. 336
Open-Source Software	p. 336
Open Media Formats	p. 337
Conclusion	p. 337
Afterword	p. 339
Trigonometric Table	p. 341
Degrees to Radians	p. 345
ClanLib Key Codes	p. 347
OGRE Key Codes	p. 351
C++ Keywords	p. 357
Recommended Reading	p. 359
Index	p. 363
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