Introduction to GPS : The Global Positioning System

by El-Rabbany, Ahmed

• ISBN13: 9781596930162
• ISBN10: 1596930160
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2006-09-01
• Publisher: Artech House

Summary

This thoroughly revised edition of the Artech House bestseller, Introduction to GPS: the Global Position System offers professionals and students an up-to-date, easy-to-understand treatment of this tremendously important technology. the second edition includes a wealth of brand new material, including a chapter on GPS satellite orbit and new coverage of today's hottest issues, such as precise point positioning and location based services. Without bogging readers down with advanced mathematics, the book addresses all aspects of the GPS, emphasizes GPS applications, examines the GPS signal structure, and covers the key types of measurement being utilized in the field today.

Table of Contents

Preface	xiii
Acknowledgments	xiv
1 Introduction to GPS	1	(12)
1.1 Overview of GPS	2	(1)
1.2 GPS Segments	3	(1)
1.3 GPS Satellite Generations	4	(2)
1.4 Current GPS Satellite Constellation	6	(1)
1.5 Control Sites	7	(1)
1.6 GPS: The Basic Idea	8	(2)
1.7 GPS Levels of Service	10	(1)
1.8 Why Use GPS?	11	(1)
References	11	(2)
2 GPS Details	13	(16)
2.1 GPS Signal Structure	13	(3)
2.2 GPS Modernization	16	(2)
2.3 GPS Receiver Types	18	(2)
2.4 Time Systems	20	(1)
2.5 Pseudorange Measurements	21	(1)
2.6 Carrier Phase Measurements	22	(2)
2.7 Doppler Measurements	24	(1)
2.8 Cycle Slips	25	(1)
2.9 Linear Combinations of GPS Observables	26	(1)
References	27	(2)
3 GPS Satellite Orbit	29	(14)
3.1 Motion of Space Objects	29	(3)
3.2 Types of Orbits	32	(1)
3.3 Ideal (Keplerian) Satellite Orbit	33	(2)
3.4 Perturbed Satellite Orbit	35	(1)
3.5 GPS Broadcast Orbit	36	(3)
3.6 GPS Almanac	39	(1)
3.7 Satellite Visibility	40	(2)
References	42	(1)
4 GPS Errors and Biases	43	(22)
4.1 GPS Ephemeris Errors	44	(1)
4.2 Selective Availability	45	(2)
4.3 Satellite and Receiver Clock Errors	47	(1)
4.4 Multipath Error	48	(1)
4.5 Antenna Phase Center Variation	49	(1)
4.6 Receiver Measurement Noise	50	(1)
4.7 Ionospheric Delay	51	(4)
4.8 Tropospheric Delay	55	(1)
4.9 Other Errors and Biases	56	(1)
4.10 Satellite Geometry Measures	57	(3)
4.11 User Equivalent Range Error	60	(1)
References	61	(4)
5 GPS Positioning Modes	65	(18)
5.1 GPS Point Positioning: The Classical Approach	66	(2)
5.2 GPS PPP	68	(2)
5.3 GPS Relative Positioning	70	(1)
5.4 Static GPS Surveying	71	(2)
5.5 Fast (Rapid) Static	73	(1)
5.6 Stop-and-Go GPS Surveying	74	(2)
5.7 RTK GPS	76	(1)
5.8 Real-Time Differential GPS	77	(2)
5.9 Real Time Versus Postprocessing	79	(1)
5.10 Communication (Radio) Link	80	(2)
References	82	(1)
6 Ambiguity Resolution Techniques	83	(6)
6.1 Antenna Swap Method	85	(1)
6.2 OTF Ambiguity Resolution	86	(2)
References	88	(1)
7 GPS Data, Products, and Correction Services	89	(14)
7.1 GPS Data and Product Services	91	(2)
7.2 Maritime DGPS Service	93	(2)
7.3 WADGPS Systems	95	(3)
7.4 Multisite RTK System	98	(1)
References	99	(4)
8 GPS Standard Formats	103	(20)
8.1 RINEX Format	104	(5)
8.2 SP3 Format	109	(3)
8.3 RTCM SC-104 Standards for DGPS Services	112	(6)
8.4 NMEA 0183 Format	118	(3)
References	121	(2)
9 GPS Integration	123	(16)
9.1 GPS/Loran-C Integration	123	(4)
9.2 GPS/LRF Integration	127	(1)
9.3 GPS/Dead Reckoning Integration	128	(2)
9.4 GPS/INS Integration	130	(2)
9.5 GPS/Pseudolite Integration	132	(2)
9.6 GPS/Cellular Integration	134	(2)
References	136	(3)
10 GPS Applications	139	(24)
10.1 GPS for the Utility Industry	139	(2)
10.2 GPS for Forestry and Natural Resource	141	(1)
10.3 GPS for Precision Farming	142	(2)
10.4 GPS for Civil Engineering Applications	144	(1)
10.5 GPS for Monitoring Structural Deformations	145	(1)
10.6 GPS for Open-Pit Mining	146	(2)
10.7 GPS for Land Seismic Surveying	148	(1)
10.8 GPS for Marine Seismic Surveying	149	(2)
10.9 GPS for Airborne Mapping	151	(1)
10.10 GPS for Seafloor Mapping	152	(2)
10.11 GPS for Vehicle Navigation	154	(2)
10.12 GPS for Transit Systems	156	(1)
10.13 GPS for the Retail Industry	157	(2)
10.14 GPS for Cadastral Surveying	159	(1)
10.15 Waypoint Navigation (GPS Stakeout)	160	(1)
References	161	(2)
11 Other Satellite Navigation Systems	163	(12)
11.1 The GLONASS System	163	(4)
11.2 Galileo—The European Global Satellite Navigation System	167	(3)
11.3 Chinese Regional Satellite Navigation System (Beidou System)	170	(2)
11.4 The Japanese QZSS Satellite Navigation System	172	(1)
References	173	(2)
Appendix A: Geodetic Principles—Datums, Coordinate Systems, and Map Projections	175	(20)
A.1 What Is a Datum?	175	(2)
A.2 Geodetic Coordinate System	177	(4)
A.2.1 Conventional Terrestrial Reference System	179	(1)
A.2.2 The WGS 84 and NAD 83 Systems	180	(1)
A.3 What Coordinates Are Obtained with GPS?	181	(1)
A.4 Datum Transformations	182	(1)
A.5 Map Projections	183	(7)
A.5.1 Transverse Mercator Projection	184	(1)
A.5.2 Universal Transverse Mercator	185	(2)
A.5.3 Modified Transverse Mercator	187	(1)
A.5.4 Lambert Conical Projection	188	(1)
A.5.5 Stereographic Double Projection	189	(1)
A.6 Local Arbitrary Mapping Systems	190	(1)
A.7 Height Systems	191	(2)
References	193	(2)
Appendix B: GPS Accuracy and Precision Measures	195	(2)
Reference	196	(1)
Appendix C: Useful Web Sites	197	(4)
C.1 GPS/Glonass/Galileo Information and Data	197	(2)
C.2 Some GPS Manufacturers	199	(2)
About the Author	201	(2)
Index	203