Introduction to Skin Biothermomechanics and Thermal Pain

by Xu, Feng; Lu, Tianjian

• ISBN13: 9783642132018
• ISBN10: 3642132014
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2011-05-29
• Publisher: Springer Nature

Summary

"Introduction to Skin Biothermomechanics and Thermal Pain" introduces the study of coupled bio-thermo-mechanical and neural behavior of skin tissue in response to thermal and mechanical loads. The research in this book focuses on the theoretical modeling and experimental investigation of heated skin tissue in order to provide a predictive framework for thermal therapies of diseased tissue in clinics. Furthermore, by developing solution tools, it focuses on changes in treatment parameters leading to more effective therapies. The book is intended for researchers and scientists in Bioengineering, Heat Transfer, Mechanics, Biology and Neurophysiology, as well as clinicians. Dr. Feng Xu is a research fellow at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Dr. Tianjian Lu is a professor at the School of Aerospace, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China. Dr. Xu and Dr. Lu are also affiliated with Biomedical Engineering and Biomechanics Center at Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.

Author Biography

Dr. Feng Xu is a research fellow at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Dr. Tianjian Lu is a professor at the School of Aerospace, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China. Dr. Xu and Dr. Lu are also affiliated with Biomedical Engineering and Biomechanics Center at Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.

Table of Contents

Introduction	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
Skin Biothermomechanics and Thermal Pain	p. 1
Outline of the Book	p. 5
References	p. 5
Skin Structure and Skin Blood Flow	p. 7
Introduction	p. 7
Skin Structure	p. 7
Skin Blood Perfusion	p. 17
References	p. 17
Skin Bioheat Transfer
Skin Bioheat Transfer and Skin Thermal Damage	p. 23
Introduction	p. 23
Skin Bioheat Transfer	p. 25
Skin Thermal Damage	p. 42
Summary	p. 58
References	p. 59
Analysis of Skin Bioheat Transfer	p. 69
Introduction	p. 69
Skin Bioheat Transfer Analysis with Fourier Model	p. 69
Skin Bioheat Transfer Analysis with Non-Fourier Models	p. 73
Summary	p. 79
References	p. 80
Skin Biomechanics
Skin Mechanical Behaviour	p. 87
Introduction	p. 87
Skin Behaviour under Stretch	p. 87
Skin Behaviour under Compression	p. 89
Skin Failure	p. 90
Skin Friction	p. 94
References	p. 97
Skin Biomechanics Experiments: Measurement and Influence of Different Factors	p. 105
Introduction	p. 105
In Vivo Measurements	p. 114
In Vitro Measurements	p. 118
Influence of Different Factors	p. 127
Summary	p. 139
References	p. 139
Skin Biomechanics Modeling	p. 155
Introduction	p. 155
Continuum Models and Phenomenological Models	p. 158
Structural Models	p. 179
Summary	p. 196
References	p. 198
Skin Biothermomechanics
Introduction of Skin Biothermomechanics	p. 209
Introduction	p. 209
Mechanism of Thermal Denaturation (Shrinkage) of Collagen	p. 209
Properties Variations due to Thermal Denaturation of Collagen	p. 212
References	p. 217
Analysis of Skin Biothermomechanics	p. 221
Introduction	p. 221
Theoretical Analysis of Thermal Stress	p. 222
Analysis with Fourier Bioheat Transfer Models	p. 226
Analysis with Non-Fourier Bioheat Transfer Models	p. 244
Summary	p. 258
Appendix	p. 259
References	p. 264
Experimental Characterization of Skin Biothermomechanics	p. 267
Introduction	p. 267
Experimental Methodology	p. 267
Thermal Denaturation of Collagen in Skin Tissue	p. 282
Hydrothermal Tensile Tests	p. 286
Hydrothermal Compressive Tests	p. 290
Characterization of Skin Viscoelasticity with Static Tests	p. 301
Summary and Limitations	p. 312
References	p. 314
Skin Thermal Pain
Skin Thermal Pain Mechanism	p. 327
Introduction	p. 327
Definition of Pain and Pain Pathways	p. 328
Anatomy and Physiology of Nociceptors	p. 329
Theories of Thermal Pain	p. 335
References	p. 337
Physiological Features of Pain Sensation	p. 343
Introduction	p. 343
Role of C and A¿ Nociceptors	p. 343
Influence of Stimulus Temperature on Pain	p. 345
Influence of Nociceptors Depth	p. 345
Influence of Temperature Change Rate on Pain	p. 345
Temporal Summation	p. 347
Influence of Stimulus Duration	p. 350
Spatial Summation	p. 352
Hyperalgesia and Tissue Damage	p. 354
Influence of Origin of Skin (Different Part in Body)	p. 356
Influence of Skin Type	p. 357
Gender Difference	p. 358
Influence of Age	p. 360
Summary	p. 361
References	p. 361
Skin Thermal Pain Modeling	p. 375
Introduction	p. 375
Model of Transduction	p. 376
Model of Transmission	p. 389
Model of Modulation and Perception	p. 391
Results and Discussion	p. 394
Summary	p. 407
References	p. 408
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