Investing in Biodiversity: A Review of Indonesia's Integrated Conservation and Development Projects

by Wells, Michael; Guggenheim, Scott; Khan, Asmeen; Wardojo, Wahjudi; Jepson, Paul

• ISBN13: 9780821344194
• ISBN10: 0821344196
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1999-01-01
• Publisher: World Bank

Summary

"Indonesia is one of the two most biologically diverse nations on earth. The country's thousands of islands include 10 percent of the world's known plant species, 12 percent of its mammals, 16 percent of reptiles and amphibians, 17 percent of birds, and 25 percent of fish."In a country where conservation awareness or support for nature conservation and Protected Areas (PAs) is lacking throughout the society, efforts to promote ICDPs (Integrated Conservation and Development Projects) will work only if the Government of Indonesia and provincial governments first demonstrate a strong commitment to protecting conservation areas and their surroundings. Current ICDP components, based on simplistic ideas of making limited short-term investments in local development and hoping this will somehow translate into sustainable resource use and less pressure on PAs, need to be abandoned.The objectives of this study are:1. to consider the ICDPs' overall contribution to conserving Indonesia's biodiversity;2. to assess their cost-effectiveness, sustainability, and replicability; and3. to identify lessons for future conservation efforts.This study emphasized the use of qualitative information, supplemented by limited quantitative analysis from case studies, interviews, and an extensive review of project documentation (mainly plans, progress reports, and evaluations).

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments	v
Acronyms and Abbreviations	vii
Executive Summary	1	(10)
Introduction	11	(8)
What Are ICDPS?	11	(1)
Protected Areas and ICDPS in Indonesia	12	(1)
Study Rationale, Objectives, and Methodology	13	(6)
Case Study Assessments	19	(12)
The Larger ICDPs	19	(6)
The Smaller ICDPS	25	(2)
Other ICDP-Related Initiatives	27	(4)
Analyzing the Case Studies	31	(13)
PA Management	31	(2)
Local Community Programs	33	(2)
Regional Development	35	(4)
Institutional Arrangements for ICDPs	39	(2)
Weaknesses of ICDP Design and Implementation	41	(3)
Conclusions	44	(5)
Promising Examples	45	(1)
Strategic Problems	45	(1)
Inappropriate Project Models	46	(1)
Conservation Agency Limitations	46	(1)
Law Enforcement	47	(1)
Broader Constraints	47	(2)
Future Actions	49	(7)
Design and Implementation	49	(2)
Strengthening PHPA	51	(1)
Site Selection	52	(1)
Scale of ICDP Interventions	53	(1)
National Biodiversity Inventory and Monitoring Unit	53	(1)
Expanding the Menu	53	(3)
Notes	56	(4)
ICDP Case Studies	60	(55)
Sumatra	61	(13)
Gunung Leuser National Park	61	(4)
Kerinci-Seblat National Park	65	(4)
Siberut National Park	69	(2)
Bukit Tiga Puluh National Park	71	(3)
Java	74	(7)
Ujung Kulon National Park	74	(2)
Gunung Gede Pangrango and gunung Halimun National Parks	76	(5)
Kalimantan	81	(9)
Bukit Baka-Bukit Raya National Park	81	(1)
Kutai National Park	82	(3)
Kayan Mentarang National Park	85	(2)
Danau Sentarum Wildlife Reserve	87	(3)
Sulawesi	90	(11)
Bunaken-Manada Tua Marine National Park	90	(4)
Taka Bone Rate Marine National Park	94	(1)
Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park	95	(4)
Lore Lindu National Park	99	(2)
Nusa Tenggara Timur	101	(5)
Komodo National Park	101	(2)
Ruteng Nature Recreation Park	103	(3)
Irian Jaya	106	(9)
Wasur National Park	106	(2)
Lorentz Nature Reserve	108	(1)
Arfak Nature Reserve	109	(3)
Cyclops Nature Reserve	112	(3)
Annex	115
Threats to Parks	115