The Jews of Arab Lands in Modern Times

by Stillman, Norman A.

• ISBN13: 9780827603707
• ISBN10: 0827603703
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1991-01-01
• Publisher: Jewish Pubn Society

Summary

Norman Stillman continues the saga he so eloquently began in The Jews of Arab Lands, focusing here on the dramatic events of the twentieth century.

Table of Contents

List of Illustrations	xvii
Preface	xxi
Note on Style	xxvii
PART ONE HISTORY
The Nineteenth Century and The Impact of The West	3	(24)
Social Transformations	27	(20)
Between Nationalism and Colonialism In The Aftermath of The First World War	47	(18)
Zionism and The Jews of Arab Lands	65	(28)
Egypt	67	(4)
North Africa	71	(9)
The Levant	80	(13)
Darkening shadows: 1929 to 1939	93	(20)
The Palestine Issue	94	(10)
The Penetration of Anti-Semitism	104	(1)
The German and Italian Impact	105	(3)
Jewish Responses to Anti-Semitism in Europe and at Home	108	(3)
On the Eve of World War II	111	(2)
World War Two and Its Impact	113	(28)
Egypt and the Levant States	113	(3)
Iraq	116	(5)
North Africa	121	(15)
Transformations	136	(5)
The Last Chapter	141	(42)
Rising Tensions in the Postwar Era	141	(8)
The Irrevocable Split	149	(6)
The Mass Exodus Begins	155	(13)
The Second Stage of the Exodus	168	(9)
Epilogue	177	(6)
PART TWO SOURCES
The Nineteenth Century and The Impact of The West	183	(16)
The cAhd al-Aman	183	(3)
A Religious Generation Gap in Algiers	186	(1)
A Pastoral Letter from the Chief Rabbi of France to the Jews of Algeria Urging Reforms	187	(3)
Statutes of the Jewish Community in Alexandria, Egypt	190	(7)
The Jewish Community of Sidon at the Turn of the Century	197	(2)
Social Transformations	199	(54)
A Letter from the Alliance Israelite Universelle to Rabbi Raphael Abensur of Fez Requesting His Help in Combating Child Marriage	199	(2)
A European Jew Tries to Rescue a Girl from a Child Marriage in Morocco	201	(1)
The Jewish Community of Suez Requests Assistance for Yemenite Refugees	202	(1)
A Report on Jewish Emigration from Tetouan	203	(3)
A Judeo-Arabic Report on the Iraqi Jewish Colony in China	206	(1)
A Visit to the Jewish Cave Dwellers of Libya	207	(5)
More Among the Cave Dwellers	212	(8)
The Chief Rabbi of Cairo's Responsum on Prostitutes' Gifts to the Synagogue	220	(2)
A Syrian Rabbi Preaches against the New Morality	222	(1)
The Rabbis of Aleppo Pronounce a Ban of Anathema upon Sabbath Desecrators	223	(2)
A Twentieth-Century Yemenite Version of the Pact of cUmar	225	(2)
Reactions in Mosul to the Constitutional Reform of the Young Turks	227	(1)
A Jewish Egyptian Patriot Calls for Deemphasizing Religion in His Country's Public Life for the Sake of National Unity	228	(3)
The Jews of Beirut Complain about Their New chief Rabbi to the Hakham Bashi of the Ottoman Empire	231	(4)
The Chief Rabbi of Beirut Defends Himself	235	(1)
The Traditional Jewish Schools of Sanca	236	(2)
The Modern Jewish School in Sanca	238	(2)
An English Traveler and Middle East Expert Visits the Alliance Israelite School in Mosul	240	(1)
The Chief Rabbi of Alexandria Complains about the Treatment of His Son in an Alliance School	241	(2)
A Baghdadi Rabbi Decries the Decline of Traditional Morals	243	(2)
A Wave of Conversions among Jewish Youth at Christian Schools in Egypt Shocks the Community	245	(3)
A Converted Youth Returns to Judaism	248	(1)
A Letter from One Egyptian ``Jew for Jesus'' to Another	249	(1)
The Gallicization of a Tunisian Jewish Boy in the Years Just Prior to World War I	250	(3)
Between Nationalism and Colonialism in The Aftermath of The First World War	253	(52)
A Tunisian Jew's Struggle to Serve His Adopted Country in World WarI	253	(1)
Turkish Exactions Weigh Heavily upon Baghdadi Jews during World War I	254	(2)
The Jews of Baghdad Petition for British Citizenship at the End of World WarI	256	(3)
An Iraqi Nationalist Appeal to Non-Muslims	259	(1)
An Excerpt from a Speech Given by King Faysal to the Jewish Communal Leaders of Baghdad	260	(1)
Observations on the Commercial Life of Baghdad	261	(2)
The Jewish Community of Damascus in 1919	263	(9)
Contacts between Zionists and Arab Nationalists in Damascus	272	(2)
A Directive Banning hebrew as the Language of Instruction in Syrian Jewish Schools	274	(1)
The Vicissitudes of Jewish Youth Clubs in Damascus	275	(3)
A Syrian Rabbi Criticizes ``the New Intellectuals''	278	(2)
A Syrian Journalist Is Stunned That Jewish Students Excel in Arabic Exams	280	(1)
Speaking Judeo-Arabic in Mixed Company	281	(3)
The Jewish Schools of Baghdad in 1929	284	(4)
The Theosophist Controversy among the jews of Basra	288	(3)
An Alliance Official's Visit to the Jewish Community of Damascus in 1929	291	(3)
A Plea for Help from the Jews of Hodeida to Their Coreligionists in London	294	(3)
An Arab Journalist's Impressions of the Jewish Quarter of Sanca	297	(3)
Articles Dealing with Moroccan Jews in the Statute of the International Zone of Tangier	300	(2)
A Gallicized Moroccan Jew Calls Upon His Coreligionists to Identify Totally with France	302	(1)
A Moroccan Jewish Teacher on the Need for Arabic in the Alliance Schools in Morocco	303	(2)
Zionism and The Jews of Arab Lands	305	(52)
A Letter to Theodor Herzl from Egypt's First Zionist Society	305	(2)
Mass Demonstrations by Egyptian Jews in Celebration of the Balfour Declaration	307	(2)
A Call to Alexandrian Jewry to Celebrate the San Remo Recognition of the Balfour Declaration and to Contribute to the Zionist Enterprise	309	(2)
The First Fund Raising Efforts by Moroccan Zionsists	311	(1)
A Letter to Theodor Herzl from the Zionists of Safi, Morocco	312	(2)
A Report to the Colonial Authorities on Emigration to Palestine and on Zionism in Morocco by a French-Appointed Jewish Official	314	(2)
An Alliance Report on a Wave of cAliya from Fez to Palestine with Suggestions on How to Stem the Tide	316	(2)
French and Jewish Officials Oppose the Formation of a Zionist Society in Morocco	318	(1)
A Tunisian United Jewish Appeal	319	(3)
The Zionist Movement in Tunis in the Late 1920s	322	(2)
The Circolo Sion Appeals for Public Support During the Communal Elections in Tripoli	324	(1)
Abraham Elmaleh Propagandizes for Zionism and Sephardi Revival among the Jews of Berut	325	(3)
A Public Declaration by the Damascene Jewish Youth Association Disavowing Zionism and Pledging Loyalty to the Arab Cause	328	(1)
A Sephardi Leader in Aleppo Complains That the Jewish Agency Is Ignoring Would-be cOlim from His City	329	(2)
An Iraqi Jewish Notable Expresses His Reservations on Zionism	331	(3)
The Iraqi Zionist Federation Reports on Its Activities for 1923 to 1925	334	(3)
The Founder of an Iraqi Jewish Newspaper Requests the World Zionist Organization to Intervene with the British Government on Behalf of His Publication	337	(3)
Iraqi Zionists Complain about Their Lack of Representation in the Jewish Agency and of Ashkenazi Bias	340	(2)
A Report on the Ban Upon Zionist Activities in Iraq	342	(3)
An Arab Journalist Accuses Iraqi of Jews of Zionist Intrigues	345	(3)
A Moroccan Arab Journalist Attacks Zionist Activities in His Country	348	(2)
Jewish Boy Scouts in Tangier Cause a Stir among Arab Nationalists	350	(1)
An Arabic Edition of ``The Protocols'' in Beirut	351	(1)
The Jews of Beirut Petition the Authorities for a Ban on the Sale of ``The Protocols''	352	(1)
Adeni Jews and Zionism	353	(4)
Darkening Shadows: 1929 to 1939	357	(48)
The State of Syrian Jewry in the Immediate Aftermath of the Western Wall Disturbances	357	(3)
An Accusation of Mosque Desecration Results in Mob Violence against the Jews of Aden	360	(2)
An Official British Statement on the Anti-Jewish Riots in Aden	362	(1)
A Gallicized Algerian Muslim Reflects upon the Constantine Pogrom of 1934	363	(2)
An Assessment of Arab Nationalist Feelings toward the Jews in North Africa	365	(2)
The Arrival of Refugee Jewish Doctors in Syria Stirs Opposition	367	(1)
The Alliance in Baghdad Aids the First Jewish Refugees from Germany in Its Midst and Tries to Rally Communal Action	368	(1)
The Iraqi Government Initiates Several Anti-Jewish Measures	369	(1)
The Maronite Patriarch Issues a Pastoral Letter Deploring Nazi Persecution of the Jews	370	(1)
A Position Paper by Lebanese and Syrian Jewish Leaders at the Time of the French-Arab Negotiations in Paris for Termination of the Mandates	371	(5)
The Jewish Community of Beirut Receives the Maronite Patriarch	376	(2)
The Ten Commandments of the Egyptian Jewish Boycott of Axis Goods	378	(1)
Anti-Jewish Demonstrations in Egypt on the Prophert's Birthday	379	(2)
An Anti-British and Anti-Zionist Tract Distributed in Tunisia	381	(2)
Repercussions from the Arab General Strike in Palestine upon Damascene Jewry	383	(2)
An Anti-Jewish Pamphlet Distributed by Arab Militants in Cairo	385	(1)
The American Charge D'Affaires in Baghdad Reports on the Repercussions of the Palestinian Arab General Strike for Iraqi Jews	386	(3)
A Public Declaration by the Head of Iraqi Jewry Disassociating Himself and His Community from Zionism at the Time of the Arab General Strike in Palestine	389	(1)
A Bomb in the Jewish Quarter of Sidon and a Sabotage Attempt against Jewish Property	390	(2)
Sober Thoughts about the Causes of the Anti-Jewish Incidents in Sidon and about the Uncertainty of the Future	392	(1)
An Egyptian Jewish Newspaper Comments on a Rising Wave of Anti-Semitic Agitation in Egypt	393	(3)
A Plea to the French Authorities for Protection in the Wake of Anti-Jewish Incidents in Beirut	396	(1)
An Algerian Muslim Warns That Events in Palestine Threaten Muslim-Jewish Relations in Algeria	397	(1)
Libya's Italian Fascist Newspaper Explains a Government Ordinance Banning Shopkeepers from Closing on the Sabbath	398	(1)
Two Tripolitanian Jews Are Publicly Whipped for Defying the Government's Ban against Saturday Shop Closing	399	(1)
I An Egyptian Jewish Press Account	399	(2)
II An Italian Fascist Press Account	401	(1)
A Letter from the Presidents of the Jewish Communities of Cairo and Alexandria to the Egyptian Prime Minister	402	(3)
World War II and Its Impact	405	(56)
The Report of the Iraqi Commission of Inquiry on the Farhud	405	(13)
A British Military Intelligence Report on Jewish Attempts to Leave Iraq for Palestine and Elsewhere after the Farhud	418	(1)
The Governor of Libya Advises Mussolini to Modify the Application of Italy's Anti-Jewish Laws in Libya	419	(2)
An Italian Report on the Jewish Influence on the Libyan Economy and the Need to Take Action against It	421	(2)
A German Consular Official's Observations on Fascist Anti-Jewish Legislation in Libya	423	(3)
Abrogation of the Cremieux Decree by the Vichy Regime	426	(1)
The Leaders of Algerian Jewry Protest the Abrogation of the Cremieux Decree and Declare Their Continued Loyalty to France	427	(3)
The Governor General Informs the Chief Rabbi of Algiers of a Numerus Clausus for Jewish Children in Public Primary Schools	430	(1)
The American Consul in Algiers Advices against U.S. Intervention on Behalf of Algerian Jewry under the Vichy Regime	431	(1)
A Dahir Expelling Moroccan Jews from European Neighborhoods	432	(1)
Members of the Geo Gras Group That Took Part in the Algiers Insurrection	433	(2)
The Nazis' Requisition of Jewish Laborers in Tunis	435	(2)
A Nazi Proclamation of an Indemnity Levied against the Jews of Tunisia	437	(1)
The Jews of Tunis Raise the Funds to Pay the Indemnity	438	(2)
A Vichy Official Discusses a German Proposal to Require Jews to Wear the Yellow Star in Tunis	440	(3)
Tripolitanian Jewry Welcomes the Soldiers of the Eighth Army as Liberators	443	(2)
Palestinian Jewish Units in the British Army Aid Their Brethren in Libya and Tunisia	445	(2)
A Report on the State of Tripolitanian Jewry in 1943	447	(3)
A British Officer Surveys the State of Cyrenaican Jewry at the Time of Liberation	450	(2)
The British Military Commander of Barca Complains about Palestinian Jewish Soliders Teaching in a Local Synagogue against Orders	452	(1)
A Palestinian Jewish Soldier in the British Army Writes Home about Meeting His Libyan Brethren	453	(4)
Excerpts from a Zionist Pamphlet Exhorting Iraqi Jews to Learn from the Lesson of the Farhud	457	(4)
The Last Chapter	461	(96)
The Jewish Community's Official Report on the Anti-Jewish Rioting in Tripolitania	461	(5)
Syrian Jewish Spokesmen Appear before the Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry on Palestine	466	(1)
The Mood of North African Jewry in 1947	467	(2)
The Plight of the Jews in Bahrain Following the Palestine Partition Vote	469	(2)
Report of the Commission of Enquiry into the Anti-Jewish Riots in Aden	471	(29)
A Representative of British Jewry Reports on the Economic Situation of Adeni Jews Following the Riots	500	(4)
A Review of Attitudes in the Egyptian Press toward the Country's Jewish Community in Late 1947	504	(5)
Worsening Muslim-Jewish Relations in Algeria	509	(2)
The Internal Conflict of a Leading Egyptian Jewish Businessman at the Time of the First Arab-Israeli War	511	(2)
The Moroccan Sultan Appeals for Calm among His Muslim and Jewish Subjects at the Outbreak of the First Arab-Israeli War	513	(2)
Extracts from British Embassy Reports on Attacks on Jews and Foreigners in Egypt during the First Arab-Israeli War	515	(2)
The World Jewish Congress Lobbies with the British Colonial Office to Allow Yemenite Jewish Refugees Entry into Aden on Their Way to Israel	517	(2)
A British Press Report on the Continued Arrival of Yemenite Jewish Refugees in Aden and the Attempt by the Authorities There to Staunch the Flow	519	(1)
A Report on the Joint Distribution Committee's Efforts to Assist Yemenite and Adeni Jews to Emigrate to israel	520	(2)
A Summary of the Iraqi Parliamentary Debate of a Bill Allowing Jews to Renounce Their Citizenship, with the Commentary of the British Ambassador to Baghdad	522	(3)
The Iraqi Law Permitting Jews to Emigrate with the Forfeiture of Nationality	525	(2)
The Zionist Underground in Iraq Appeals to the Jews to Register for Emigration	527	(1)
The Progress of Jewish Emigration from Iraq Two Months before the Expiration of the Law Permitting It	528	(1)
The Iraqi Government Urges That Jewish Emigration Be Speeded Up or It Will Take Drastic Measures of its Own	529	(1)
The Challenge of Moroccan Independence as Viewed by a Moroccan Jewish Intellectual	530	(3)
A Selection of Reforms Proposed at the Sixth Congress of the Council of Moroccan Jewish Communities	533	(4)
The Question of the Jewish Minority in the FLN Platform of the Soummam Congress	537	(3)
An Appeal by the FLN for the Support of Algerian Jewry	540	(2)
An Algerian Jewish Intellectual Reflects upon Muslim-Jewish Relations at a Time of Rising Tensions	542	(6)
A Presidential Decree Dissolving the Jewish Community Council in Tunisia	548	(2)
An Eyewitness Account of the Anti-Jewish Riots in Tunis at the Outbreak of the Six-Day War	550	(2)
A Report on Egyptian Jewry in the Aftermath of the Six-Day War by a Representative of the World Council of Churches	552	(5)
BIBLIOGRAPHY	557	(26)
Abbreviations of Journals and Encyclopedias	559	(2)
Middle Eastern and North African Newspapers and Periodicals	561	(1)
Other Newspapers and Periodicals	561	(1)
Archival Sources	562	(3)
Selected Published Works	565	(18)
Index	583