Just the Essentials of Elementary Statistics (with InfoTrac and CD-ROM)

by Johnson, Robert R.; Kuby, Patricia J.

• ISBN13: 9780534384722
• ISBN10: 0534384722
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2002-04-30
• Publisher: THOMPSON LEARNING

Summary

Written by two of the most respected leaders in statistics education, JUST THE ESSENTIALS OF ELEMENTARY STATISTICS, Third Edition, is the "essentials" version of Johnson and Kuby's market-leading Eighth Edition of ELEMENTARY STATISTICS. This version is tailored to students who need a working knowledge of statistics, but do not have a strong background in mathematics. The text promotes learning, understanding, and motivation by presenting statistics in a context that relates to personal experiences. Statistics is presented as a useful tool in understanding the world around us through real world applications in areas such as business, economics, engineering, and the physical and natural sciences.

Table of Contents

Part One DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
Sir Francis Galton	1	(3)
Statistics	4	(25)
Chapter Outline	4	(1)
Chapter Objectives	5	(1)
What Is Statistics?	5	(4)
Describing Our Romance With the Road	5	(1)
Explaining One of Life's Mysteries	6	(1)
Telling Us ``What We Think''	7	(2)
Introduction to Basic Terms	9	(6)
Eating Together: Still Important	13	(2)
Measurability and Variability	15	(1)
Data Collection	16	(6)
Rain Again This Weekend!	17	(1)
Are We Treated Equally?	18	(4)
Comparison of Probability and Statistics	22	(1)
Statistics and Technology	23	(6)
In Retrospect	25	(1)
Chapter Exercises	25	(2)
Key Terms and Concepts	27	(1)
Chapter Practice Test	27	(1)
Knowing the Definitions	27	(1)
Applying the Concepts	28	(1)
Understanding the Concepts	28	(1)
Descriptive Analysis and Presentation of Single-Variable Data	29	(1)
Chapter Outline	29	(1)
Chapter Objectives	30	(1)
GRAPHIC PRESENTATION OF DATA	30	(26)
Graphs, Pareto Diagrams, and Stem-and-Leaf Displays	30	(15)
Qualitative Data	31	(4)
Quantitative Data	35	(10)
Frequency Distributions and Histograms	45	(11)
The Age of Talk	47	(9)
NUMERICAL DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS	56	(96)
Measures of Central Tendency	56	(8)
``Average'' Means Different Things	61	(3)
Measures of Dispersion	64	(8)
Mean and Standard Deviation of Frequency Distribution	72	(6)
Measures of Position	78	(11)
Interpreting and Understanding Standard Deviation	89	(5)
Test for Normality	91	(3)
The Art of Statistical Deception	94	(14)
Good Arithmetic, Bad Statistics	94	(1)
Truncated Vertical Scale	94	(1)
Claiming Rapid Growth	94	(1)
Variable Scales	95	(1)
S-t-r-e-t-c-h-i-n-g the Graph	95	(1)
In Retrospect	96	(1)
Chapter Exercises	96	(9)
Key Terms and Concepts	105	(1)
Chapter Practice Test	106	(1)
Knowing the Definitions	106	(1)
Applying the Concepts	106	(1)
Understanding the Concepts	107	(1)
Descriptive Analysis and Presentation of Bivariate Data	108	(44)
Chapter Outline	108	(1)
Chapter Objectives	109	(1)
Bivariate Data	110	(13)
Two Qualitative Variables	110	(1)
Percentages Based on the Grand Total (Entire Sample)	111	(1)
Percentages Based on Row Totals	112	(1)
Percentages Based on Column Totals	113	(1)
One Qualitative and One Quantitative Variable	113	(3)
Two Quantitative Variables	116	(1)
Paid Vacation Days	117	(6)
Linear Correlation	123	(8)
Understanding the Linear Correlation Coefficient	127	(2)
Points and Fouls in Basketball	129	(2)
Linear Regression	131	(19)
Making Predictions	137	(2)
Understanding the Line of Best Fit	139	(4)
In Retrospect	143	(1)
Chapter Exercises	143	(4)
Key Terms and Concepts	147	(1)
Chapter Practice Test	147	(1)
Knowing the Definitions	147	(1)
Applying the Concepts	148	(1)
Understanding the Concepts	149	(1)
Working with Your Own Data	150	(2)
Single Variable Data	150	(1)
Bivariate Data	150	(2)
Part Two PROBABILITY	152	(21)
Karl Pearson	153	(1)
Probability	154	(19)
Chapter Outline	154	(1)
Chapter Objectives	155	(1)
Concepts of Probability	155	(1)
The Nature of Probability	155	(3)
Probability of Events	158	(5)
Simple Sample Spaces	163	(5)
Rules of Probability	168	(5)
Odds	170	(1)
Trying to Beat the Odds	171	(2)
CALCULATING PROBABILITIES OF COMPOUND EVENTS	173	(129)
Mutually Exclusive Events and the Addition Rule	174	(5)
Mutually Exclusive Events	174	(1)
Addition Rule	175	(4)
Independence, the Multiplication Rule, and Conditional Probability	179	(8)
Independence and Conditional Probabilities	180	(3)
Multiplication Rule	183	(4)
Combining the Rules of Probability	187	(13)
In Retrospect	193	(1)
Chapter Exercises	193	(5)
Key Terms and Concepts	198	(1)
Chapter Practice Test	198	(1)
Knowing the Definitions	198	(1)
Applying the Concepts	199	(1)
Understanding the Concepts	199	(1)
Probability Distributions (Discrete Variables)	200	(37)
Chapter Outline	200	(1)
Chapter Objectives	201	(1)
Random Variables	201	(2)
Probability Distributions of a Discrete Random Variable	203	(7)
Who Needs the Ambulance?	207	(3)
Mean and Variance of a Discrete Probability Distribution	210	(4)
The Binomial Probability Distribution	214	(13)
Mean and Standard Deviation of the Binomial Distribution	227	(10)
In Retrospect	232	(1)
Chapter Exercises	232	(2)
Key Terms and Concepts	234	(1)
Chapter Practice Test	235	(1)
Knowing the Definitions	235	(1)
Applying the Concepts	235	(1)
Understanding the Concepts	236	(1)
Normal Probability Distributions	237	(38)
Chapter Outline	237	(1)
Chapter Objectives	238	(1)
Normal Probability Distributions	238	(1)
The Standard Normal Distribution	239	(7)
Applications of Normal Distributions	246	(13)
A Predictive Failure Cost Tool	250	(9)
Notation	259	(5)
Normal Approximation of the Binomial	264	(11)
In Retrospect	270	(1)
Chapter Exercises	270	(3)
Key Terms and Concepts	273	(1)
Chapter Practice Test	273	(1)
Knowing the Definitions	273	(1)
Applying the Concepts	273	(1)
Understanding the Concepts	274	(1)
Sample Variability	275	(27)
Chapter Outline	275	(1)
Chapter Objectives	276	(1)
Sampling Distributions	276	(6)
Average Aircraft Age	280	(2)
The Central Limit Theorem	282	(7)
Application of the Central Limit Theorem	289	(11)
In Retrospect	294	(1)
Chapter Exercises	294	(5)
Key Terms and Concepts	299	(1)
Chapter Practice Test	299	(1)
Knowing the Definitions	299	(1)
Applying the Concepts	299	(1)
Understanding the Concepts	299	(1)
Working with Your Own Data	300	(2)
The Population	300	(1)
The Sampling Distribution, Theoretically	300	(1)
The Sampling Distribution, Empirically	300	(2)
Part Three INFERENTIAL STATISTICS	302	(189)
William Gosset	303	(1)
Introduction to Statistical Inferences	304	(63)
Chapter Outline	304	(1)
Chapter Objectives	305	(1)
The Nature of Estimation	305	(4)
Gallup Report: Sampling Tolerances	308	(1)
Estimation of Mean μ (σ Known)	309	(12)
Rockies Snow Brings Little Water	316	(1)
Sample Size	317	(4)
The Nature of Hypothesis Testing	321	(7)
Evaluation of Teaching Techniques	323	(5)
Hypothesis Test of Mean μ (σ Known): A Probability-Value Approach	328	(16)
Hypothesis Test of Mean μ (σ Known): A Classical Approach	344	(23)
In Retrospect	359	(1)
Chapter Exercises	360	(4)
Key Terms and Concepts	364	(1)
Chapter Practice Test	365	(1)
Knowing the Definitions	365	(1)
Applying the Concepts	365	(1)
Understanding the Concepts	365	(2)
Inferences Involving One Population	367	(41)
Chapter Outline	367	(1)
Chapter Objectives	368	(1)
Inferences About Mean μ (σ Unknown)	369	(17)
Confidence Interval Procedure	373	(3)
Hypothesis-Testing Procedure	376	(5)
Mother's Use of Personal Pronouns When Talking with Toddlers	381	(5)
Inferences About the Binomial Probability of Success	386	(22)
Confidence Interval Procedure	388	(2)
The Methods Behind the Polling Madness	390	(2)
Hypothesis-Testing Procedure	392	(10)
In Retrospect	402	(1)
Chapter Exercises	403	(3)
Key Terms and Concepts	406	(1)
Chapter Practice Test	406	(1)
Knowing the Definitions	406	(1)
Applying the Concepts	406	(1)
Understanding the Concepts	407	(1)
Inferences Involving Two Populations	408	(47)
Chapter Outline	408	(1)
Chapter Objectives	409	(1)
Independent and Dependent Samples	409	(3)
Exploring the Traits of Twins	411	(1)
Inferences Concerning the Mean Difference Using Two Dependent Samples	412	(11)
Confidence Interval Procedure	414	(2)
Hypothesis-Testing Procedure	416	(7)
Inferences Concerning the Difference Between Means Using Two Independent Samples	423	(16)
Confidence Interval Procedure	425	(1)
Hypothesis-Testing Procedure	426	(7)
An Empirical Study of Faculty Evaluation Systems: Business Faculty Perceptions	433	(6)
Inferences Concerning the Difference Between Proportions Using Two Independent Samples	439	(16)
Confidence Interval Procedure	440	(2)
Hypothesis-Testing Procedure	442	(3)
Smokers Need More Time in Recovery Room	445	(2)
In Retrospect	447	(1)
Chapter Exercises	448	(4)
Key Terms and Concepts	452	(1)
Chapter Practice Test	453	(1)
Knowing the Definitions	453	(1)
Applying the Concepts	453	(1)
Understanding the Concepts	454	(1)
Applications of Chi-Square	455	(36)
Chapter Outline	455	(1)
Chapter Objectives	456	(1)
Chi-Square Statistic	456	(5)
Inferences Concerning Multinomial Experiments	461	(10)
Why We Rearrange Furniture	466	(2)
Why People Volunteer	468	(3)
Inferences Concerning Contingency Tables	471	(18)
Test of Independence	471	(4)
Test of Homogeneity	475	(2)
Why We Don't Exercise	477	(5)
In Retrospect	482	(1)
Chapter Exercises	483	(4)
Key Terms and Concepts	487	(1)
Chapter Practice Test	487	(1)
Knowing the Definitions	487	(1)
Applying the Concepts	488	(1)
Understanding the Concepts	488	(1)
Working with Your Own Data	489	(2)
A High-Speed Filling Operation	490	(1)
Your Own Investigation	490	(1)
APPENDIX A BASIC PRINCIPLES OF COUNTING	491	(8)
APPENDIX B TABLES	499	(1)
1. Random Numbers	499	(2)
2. Binomial Probabilities	501	(3)
3. Areas of the Standard Normal Distribution	504	(1)
4. Critical Values of Standard Normal Distribution	505	(1)
5. P-Values for Standard Normal Distribution	506	(1)
6. Critical Values of Student's t-Distribution	507	(1)
7. Probability-Values for Student's t-Distribution	508	(1)
8. Critical Values of χ2 (Chi-Square) Distribution	509
Answers to Selected Exercises	1	(27)
Answers to Chapter Practice Tests	28	(5)
Computer and Calculator Instructions	33	(2)
Formula Card	35
Index	1	(1)
Credits	1