Knowledge Contributors

by Hendricks, Vincent F.; Jorgensen, Klaus Frovin; Pedersen, Stig Andur

• ISBN13: 9781402017483
• ISBN10: 1402017480
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2003-11-01
• Publisher: Kluwer Academic Pub

Summary

In the late 1950's and early 1960's seminal works on the logic of knowledge and belief were published by notably von Wright and Hintikka. Epistemic and doxastic logics have since then grown into mature disciplines enjoying many important applications in philosophy, computer science, game theory, economics and linguistics to mention but a few fields. The aim of this thematically unified anthology is to track the history of epistemic logic, to consider some important applications of these logics of knowledge and belief in a variety of fields, and finally to discuss future directions of research with particular emphasis on 'active agenthood' and multi-modal systems. Knowledge Contributors include H. van Ditmarsch, R. Fagin, J. Halpern, J. Hintikka, W. van der Hoek, B. Kooi, W. Lenzen, Y. Moses, H. Rott, J. Sowa, M. Vardi and R. Wòjcicki. Knowledge Contributors is accessible to researchers as well as graduate students in philosophy, computer science, game theory, economics and related disciplines utilizing the means and methods of epistemic logic.

Table of Contents

Preface	ix
Introduction	1	(16)
V.F. Hendricks
K.F. Jorgensen
S.A. Pedersen
Agent and System	1	(5)
Active Agenthood	6	(3)
Multiple Active Agents	9	(2)
Multi-Modalities	11	(2)
Conclusion	13	(4)
Notes	13	(1)
References	14	(3)
Knowledge, Belief, and Subjective Probability: Outlines of a Unified System of Epistemic/Doxastic Logic	17	(16)
W. Lenzen
The Logic of Conviction	17	(4)
The Logic of Knowledge	21	(3)
The Logic of (`Weak') Belief	24	(2)
The Pragmatics of Epistemic Sentences	26	(7)
Notes	30	(1)
References	30	(3)
A Second Generation Epistemic Logic and Its General Significance	33	(24)
J. Hintikka
The Prima Facie Conundrum of Epistemic Logic	33	(4)
The Promises	37	(9)
Promises Fulfilled by Means of the Notion of Independence	46	(11)
References	54	(3)
Economics and Economy in the Theory of Belief Revision	57	(30)
H. Rott
Introduction	57	(1)
What is Economics?	58	(2)
Acting Economically, A Second View: ``Informational Economy''	60	(1)
Economic and Economical Considerations in Belief Revision Theory	61	(4)
Informational Economy with Respect to Beliefs: What has been done?	65	(3)
Informational Economy with Respect to Beliefs: What should be done?	68	(1)
Conservatism with Respect to Belief-Revision Guiding Structures: What has been done?	69	(2)
Conservatism with Respect to Belief-Revision Guiding Structures: What should be done?	71	(3)
Rational Choices and Logical Properties: What has been done?	74	(2)
Rational Choices and Logical Properties: What should be done?	76	(3)
Conclusion	79	(8)
Notes	80	(3)
References	83	(4)
Common Knowledge Revisited	87	(18)
R. Fagin
J.Y. Halpern
Y. Moses
M.Y. Vardi
Introduction	87	(1)
Two Puzzles	88	(2)
Common Knowledge and Uncertainty	90	(1)
Simultaneous Events	91	(4)
Temporal Imprecision	95	(1)
The Granularity of Time	96	(2)
Approximations of Common Knowledge	98	(3)
Summary	101	(4)
Notes	102	(1)
References	103	(2)
Concurrent Dynamic Epistemic Logic	105	(40)
H.P. Van Ditmarsch
W. Van Der Hoek
B.P. Kooi
Introduction	105	(2)
Language and Semantics	107	(12)
Proof System	119	(11)
Completeness	130	(6)
Applications	136	(4)
Conclusions	140	(5)
References	141	(4)
Laws, Facts, and Contexts: Foundations of Multimodal Reasoning	145	(40)
J.F. Sowa
Replacing Possible Worlds with Contexts	145	(2)
Dunn's Laws and Facts	147	(2)
Contexts by Peirce and McCarthy	149	(6)
Tarski's Metalevels	155	(2)
Nested Graph Models	157	(8)
Beyond Kripke Semantics	165	(9)
The Intended Interpretation	174	(11)
References	183	(2)
Referential Semantics	185	(14)
R. Wojcicki
The General Idea of Referential Semantics	185	(1)
Language	186	(1)
Components of Referential Semantics	187	(1)
Substitutions	187	(1)
Some Notation	188	(1)
The Definition Completed	188	(1)
A Few Examples	189	(1)
Four Principles of Logical Analysis	190	(2)
Logical Consequences	192	(1)
A Few Comments on the Peculiar Status of the Identity Predicate	192	(1)
General Properties of Consequence Operations	193	(1)
The Truth Preserving Consequence Operations	194	(1)
The Problem of Adequacy	194	(1)
Self-Extensional Consequence Operations	195	(1)
Adequacy Theorem	195	(1)
The Need for Referential Semantics	195	(2)
Notes and References	197	(2)
References	198	(1)
Index	199