Lab Manual and Workbook for Physical Anthropology

by France, Diane L.

• ISBN13: 9780534615062
• ISBN10: 0534615066
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2003-06-18
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Summary

Preface. 1. Genetics. 2. Biological Classification. 3. Human Osteology. 4. Comparison of the Skeletons of Quadrupeds, Bipeds, and Brachiators. 5. Comparing the Living Primates. 6. Observation of Living Primate Behavior and Morphology. 7. Early Evolution of Primates in the Paleocene, Eocene, and Oligocene. 8. Miocene Hominoid Evolution. 9. The Early Hominids. 10. The Genus Homo. 11. Anthropometry, Nonmetric Traits, Dermatoglyphics. 12. Human Skeletal Variation and Forensic Anthropology. Appendix A: Comparison Chart of Fossil Hominids.

Table of Contents

Preface	ix
Genetics	1	(46)
Objectives	1	(1)
Basic Genetics	1	(1)
DNA Replication	2	(1)
Terminology	3	(1)
Mitosis	4	(1)
Meiosis	4	(1)
Sources of Variability	5	(1)
Solving Genetics Problems	6	(3)
Survey of Some Genetic Traits	9	(6)
Exercise 1.1	11	(1)
Exercise 1.2	12	(1)
Exercise 1.3	13	(2)
Pedigree Analysis	15	(4)
Exercise 1.4	17	(2)
Sex Linkage	19	(1)
Blood Typing	20	(5)
Exercise 1.5	23	(2)
Evolution and the Hardy-Weinberg Formula	25	(4)
Three-Allele System	29	(6)
Exercise 1.6	33	(2)
Probability	35	(1)
Assortative Mating	36	(2)
Migration or Gene Flow (Hybridization)	38	(1)
Genetic Drift and Founder Effect	38	(1)
DNA Typing	39	(7)
Exercise 1.7	43	(3)
Reexamining the Issues	46	(1)
Biological Classification	47	(12)
Objectives	47	(1)
Introduction	47	(3)
Primate Classification	50	(8)
Exercise 2.1	53	(5)
Reexamining the Issues	58	(1)
Human Osteology	59	(30)
Objective	59	(1)
Introduction	59	(3)
Terminology	62	(2)
Features of Bone	64	(1)
Bones of the Skull	64	(6)
Postcranial Bones	70	(18)
Exercise 3.1	87	(1)
Reexamining the Issues	88	(1)
Comparison of the Skeletons of Quadrupeds, Bipeds, and Brachiators	89	(22)
Objectives	89	(1)
The Vertebral Column	89	(2)
The Pelvis	91	(14)
Measurements and Indices	105	(4)
Exercise 4.1	107	(2)
Reexamining the Issues	109	(2)
Comparing the Living Primates	111	(14)
Objectives	111	(1)
Introduction	111	(3)
Postcranial Comparisons and Locomotion	114	(4)
Dental Trends Through Primate Evolution	118	(6)
Exercise 5.1	121	(3)
Reexamining the Issues	124	(1)
Observation of Living Primate Behavior and Morphology	125	(10)
Objectives	125	(1)
Introduction	125	(1)
Behavior Categories	126	(1)
Sampling Techniques	126	(1)
Reexamining the Issues	127	(8)
Exercise 6.1	129	(2)
Exercise 6.2	131	(2)
Exercise 6.3	133	(2)
Early Evolution of Primates in the Paleocene, Eocene, and Oligocene	135	(10)
Objectives	135	(1)
Evolutionary Theory	135	(1)
Paleocene (65-55 M.Y.A.)	136	(1)
Eocene (55-34 M.Y.A.)	137	(2)
Oligocene (34-23 M.Y.A.)	139	(5)
Exercise 7.1	141	(3)
Reexamining the Issues	144	(1)
Miocene Hominoid Evolution	145	(14)
Objectives	145	(1)
The Biomolecular Data	146	(1)
DNA Hybridization	147	(1)
The Molecular Clock	147	(2)
The Fossil Data	149	(1)
The Early Miocene	149	(1)
The Middle and Late Miocene	150	(8)
Exercise 8.1	155	(3)
Reexamining the Issues	158	(1)
The Early Hominids	159	(12)
Objectives	159	(1)
Introduction	159	(1)
East African Hominids	159	(4)
The South African Australopithecines	163	(2)
Comparison of East and South African Pliocene Fossils	165	(5)
Exercise 9.1	167	(3)
Reexamining the Issues	170	(1)
The Genus Homo	171	(14)
Objectives	171	(1)
Introduction	171	(1)
Homo rudolfensis	172	(1)
Homo habilis	172	(1)
Homo ergaster	173	(1)
Homo erectus	173	(3)
Homo heidelbergensis	176	(1)
Archaic Homo sapiens	176	(3)
Modern Homo sapiens	179	(5)
Exercise 10.1	181	(3)
Reexamining the Issues	184	(1)
Anthropometry, Nonmetric Traits, Dermatoglyphics	185	(24)
Objectives	185	(1)
Statistical Tests	185	(3)
Metric Analysis	188	(3)
Exercise 11.1	191	(1)
Measurement Record	191	(2)
Osteometry	193	(1)
Cranial Landmarks	194	(7)
Exercise 11.2	198	(3)
Nonmetric Traits	201	(1)
Nonmetric Trait Frequencies	202	(1)
Recording Form	203	(2)
Exercise 11.3	203	(2)
Dermatoglyphics	205	(3)
Exercise 11.4	207	(1)
Reexamining the Issues	208	(1)
Human Skeletal Variation and Forensic Anthropology	209	(50)
Objectives	209	(1)
Introduction	209	(1)
Solve This Case!	210	(2)
Determination of Sex	212	(3)
Determination of Ancestry	215	(11)
Suchey-Brooks Pubic Age Phase Descriptions	226	(8)
Determination	234	(11)
Estimation of Stature	245	(1)
Pathology	246	(11)
Exercise 12.1	251	(6)
Reexamining the Issues	257	(2)
Appendix Hominid Comparison Chart	259	(2)
Glossary	261	(8)
Bibliography	269	(5)
Credits	274	(1)
Index	275