Laboratory Experiments

by Nelson, John H.; Kemp, Kenneth C.; Bursten (Nelson/Kemp)

• ISBN13: 9780130097972
• ISBN10: 0130097977
• Edition: 9th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2003-01-01
• Publisher: Pearson

Table of Contents

Preface	ix
To the Student	xi
Laboratory Safety and Work Instructions	xiii
Basic Laboratory Techniques (2.5 hr)	1	(16)
Identification of Substances by Physical Properties (2.5 hr)	17	(12)
Separation of the Components of a Mixture (2.5 hr)	29	(8)
Chemical Reactions (2.5 hr)	37	(10)
Chemical Formulas (2.5 hr)	47	(12)
Chemical Reactions of Copper and Percent Yield (2 hr)	59	(8)
Chemicals in Everyday Life: What Are They and How Do We Know? (2 hr)	67	(10)
Gravimetric Analysis of a Chloride Salt (3 hr)	77	(10)
Gravimetric Determination of Phosphorus in Plant Food (3 hr)	87	(10)
Paper Chromatography: Separation of Cations and Dyes (2.5 hr)	97	(10)
Molecular Geometries of Covalent Molecules: Lewis Structures and VSEPR Theory (2.5 hr)	107	(16)
Atomic Spectra and Atomic Structure (2.5 hr)	123	(14)
Behavior of Gases: Molar Mass of a Vapor (3 hr)	137	(12)
Determination of R: The Gas-Law Constant (2.5 hr)	149	(10)
Activity Series (2.5 hr)	159	(10)
Electrolysis, the Faraday, and Avogadro's Number (2.5 hr)	169	(6)
Electrochemical Cells and Thermodynamics (3 hr)	175	(14)
The Chemistry of Oxygen: Basic and Acidic Oxides and the Periodic Table (2.5 hr)	189	(14)
Colligative Properties: Freezing-Point Depression and Molar Mass (2.5 hr)	203	(12)
Titration of Acids and Bases (3 hr)	215	(12)
Reactions in Aqueous Solutions: Metathesis Reactions and Net Ionic Equations (2.5 hr)	227	(10)
Determination of the Dissociation Constant of a Weak Acid (3 hr)	237	(16)
Titration Curves of Polyprotic Acids (3 hr)	253	(16)
Hydrolysis of Salts and pH of Buffer Solutions (2 hr)	269	(18)
Determination of the Solubility-Product Constant for a Sparingly Soluble Salt (3 hr)	287	(12)
Heat of Neutralization (2.5 hr)	299	(12)
Rates of Chemical Reactions I: A Clock Reaction (2.5 hr)	311	(14)
Rates of Chemical Reactions II: Rate and Order of H2O2 Decomposition (3 hr)	325	(14)
Introduction to Qualitative Analysis (3-6 hr)	339	(20)
Abbreviated Qualitative-Analysis Scheme (12 hr)	359	(44)
Chemistry of Group 1 Cations:	362	(3)
Chemistry of Group 2 Cations:	365	(5)
Chemistry of Group 3 Cations:	370	(4)
Chemistry of Group 4 Cations:	374	(3)
Chemistry of Anions:	377	(9)
Analysis of a Simple Salt	386	(17)
Colorimetric Determination of Iron (3 hr)	403	(10)
Determination of Orthophosphate in Water (3 hr)	413	(10)
Analysis of Water for Dissolved Oxygen (2.5 hr)	423	(12)
Preparation and Reactions of Coordination Compounds: Oxalate Complexes (3 hr)	435	(10)
Oxidation-Reduction Titrations I: Determination of Oxalate (3 hr)	445	(8)
Preparation of Sodium Bicarbonate and Sodium Carbonate (3 hr)	453	(6)
Oxidation-Reduction Titrations II: Analysis of Bleach (3 hr)	459	(10)
Molecular Geometry: Experience with Models (2 hr)	469	(12)
Preparation of Aspirin and Oil of Wintergreen (2.5 hr)	481	(6)
Analysis of Aspirin (3 hr)	487	(8)
Ion-Exchange Resins: Analysis of a Calcium, Magnesium, or Zinc Salt (3 hr)	495
Appendices	1	(2)
A Chemical Arithmetic	3	(9)
B Graphical Interpretation of Data: Calibration, Curves and Least-Square Analysis	12	(4)
C Summary of Solubility Properties of Ions and Solids	16	(2)
D Solubility-Product Constants for Compounds at 25C	18	(1)
E Dissociation Constants for Acids at 25C	19	(1)
F Dissociation Constants for Bases at 25C	20	(1)
G Selected Standard Reduction Potentials at 25C	21	(2)
H Spreadsheets	23	(7)
I Qualitative-Analysis Techniques	30	(2)
J Answers to Selected Review Questions	32	(21)
K Vapor Pressure of Water at Various Temperatures	53	(1)
L Names, Formulas, and Charges of Common Ions	54	(1)
M Some Molar Masses	55	(1)
N Basic SI Units, Some Derived SI Units, and Conversion Factors	56	(1)
O Composition of Commercial Reagent Acids and Bases	57

Excerpts

Most students who take freshman chemistry are not planning for a career in this discipline. As a result, the introductory chemistry course usually serves several functions at various levels. It begins the training process for those who seek to become chemists. It introduces nonscience students to chemistry as an important, useful, and, we hope, interesting and rewarding part of their general education. It also should stimulate those students who are seeking the intellectual challenges and sense of purpose they hope to obtain from a career. This manual has been written with these objectives in mind and to accompany the ninth edition of the text Chemistry: The Central Scienceby Theodore L. Brown, H. Eugene LeMay, Jr., and Bruce E. Bursten. Each of the experiments is self-contained, with sufficient background material to conduct and understand the experiment. Each has a pedagogical objective to exemplify one or more specific principles. Because the experiments are self-contained, they may be undertaken in any order; however, we have found for our General Chemistry course that the sequence of Experiments 1 through 7 provides the firmest background and introduction. To assist the student, we have included review questions to be answered before the experiments are begun. These are designed both to help the student understand the experiment and as an incentive to read the experiment in advance. As a further incentive, answers to some of these questions are provided in Appendix J. We have made an effort to minimize the cost of the experiments. We have at the same time striven for a broad representation of the essential principles while keeping in mind that many students gain no other exposure to analytical techniques. Consequently, balances, pH meters, and spectrophotometers are used in some of the experiments. A list of necessary materials is given at the beginning of each experiment. Each of the experiments contains a detachable report sheet that is easily graded, and most experiments contain unknowns. Very few of the experiments may be "dry-labbed." In this ninth edition we have: carefully edited all experiments for accuracy, safety, and cost expanded experiment 1 to include a density measurement added more instructions about waste disposal added more helpful hints to instructors in the Annotated Instructor's Edition (AIE) modified many of the review questions