Laboratory and Field Investigations in Marine Life

by Sumich, James L.

• ISBN13: 9780763729158
• ISBN10: 0763729159
• Edition: 8th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-08-30
• Publisher: Jones & Bartlett

Summary

Written for the laboratory portion of an introductory, one-semester course in Marine Biology or Biology, typically taught in the Biological Sciences Department, or Biological Oceanography, taught in either the Biological or Earth Sciences Department, these laboratory and field investigations are intended for first-year or second-year, non-science majors looking to satisfy their science requirements and non-majors with an interest in marine biology.

Table of Contents

Preface	ix
General Introduction	xi
Laboratory Exercises
Asking Questions	1	(8)
Some Types of Questions	1	(2)
Approaches to Problem Solving	3	(1)
Some Practice in Problem Solving	4	(5)
Some Physical and Chemical Properties of Seawater	9	(10)
Density	9	(1)
Salinity	10	(2)
Dissolved Oxygen Concentration	12	(7)
Taxonomic Classification and Identification	19	(8)
Classification	19	(1)
Identification	20	(7)
Marine Bacteria	27	(12)
Types of Bacteria	27	(2)
Isolation and Culture Techniques for Marine Bacteria	29	(2)
Bacterial Identification	31	(4)
Autotrophic Bacteria	35	(4)
Phytoplankton	39	(8)
Taxonomy	39	(2)
Laboratory Phytoplankton Analysis	41	(6)
Attached Marine Plants	47	(8)
Taxonomy	47	(2)
Plant Identification	49	(1)
Collecting and Preserving Marine Plants	50	(1)
Independent Investigations	50	(5)
Photosynthetic Pigments of Marine Plants	55	(10)
Light	55	(1)
Pigmentation in Marine Plants	56	(1)
Pigment Extraction and Separation by Paper Chromatography	56	(2)
The Absorption Spectrum of Chlorophyll	58	(2)
Accessory Pigments	60	(2)
Further Investigations	62	(3)
Some Lower Marine Invertebrates	65	(10)
Porifera	65	(4)
Cnidaria	69	(6)
Marine Mollusks	75	(12)
A Representative Bivalve: Mytilus	75	(6)
Mytilus as an Indicator of Environmental Pollutants	81	(1)
Action of the Crystalline Style on a Complex Carbohydrate	81	(1)
A Representative Cephalopod	82	(3)
Independent Investigations	85	(2)
Marine Arthropods	87	(14)
Marine Chelicerata	87	(1)
Marine Mandibulata	88	(8)
Behavior of Exposed Hermit Crabs	96	(1)
Adaptations to Salinity Variations	97	(4)
Echinoderms	101	(10)
External Anatomy of a Sea Urchin	102	(2)
Fertilization and Early Larval Development	104	(4)
Internal Anatomy of a Sea Urchin	108	(1)
Other Echinoderms	109	(1)
Prey Responses to Sea Stars	110	(1)
Independent Investigations	110	(1)
Marine Zooplankton	111	(8)
Zooplankton Observation and Identification	111	(2)
Zooplankton Swimming Behavior	113	(1)
Evaluation	114	(5)
Cartilaginous Fishes	119	(12)
Class Agnatha	120	(2)
Class Chondrichthyes	122	(6)
Identification of Cartilaginous Fishes	128	(3)
Bony Fishes	131	(12)
Morphology of a Marine Bony Fish	131	(5)
Identification of Bony Fishes	136	(7)
Adaptations in Marine Mammals	143	(12)
General Body Form	143	(2)
Skeletal Adaptations	145	(2)
Circulatory Response to Diving	147	(4)
Field Studies
General Information	151	(1)
Abiotic Factors	151	(1)
Abiotic Profile	151	(1)
Species Diversity	151	(2)
Keeping a Field Notebook	153	(2)
Coastal Wetlands	155	(10)
Studying the Organisms	158	(4)
Sediment Characteristics	162	(1)
Water Analysis	163	(1)
Evaluation	163	(2)
Rocky Intertidal	165	(6)
General Survey of Intertidal Plants and Animals	166	(2)
Detailed Analysis of Vertical Distribution	168	(1)
Independent Investigations	168	(3)
Fouling Community	171
Survey of a Climax Community	171	(2)
Succession	173	(2)
Appendixes
A The Metric System	175	(7)
Distance	175	(1)
The United States System of Weights and Measures	176	(1)
Area	177	(1)
Volume	178	(1)
Mass	178	(1)
Temperature	179	(1)
Summary of Metric Units and Some Equivalents	180	(1)
Conversion Answers	181	(1)
B The Microscope	182	(4)
The Compound Microscope	182	(2)
The Dissecting Microscope	184	(2)
C Permanent Plant Collections	186	(3)
Collecting Marine Plants	186	(1)
Mounting and Pressing Attached Algae	186	(2)
Permanent Phytoplankton Slides	188	(2)
D The Gram Stain	189	(1)
E Analyzing Data	190	(5)
Types of Data	190	(1)
Visualizing Results---Graphical Presentations	190	(2)
Treatment of Numbers	192	(2)
References	194
F Some Regional Field and Identification Guides for Marine Organisms	195