Landscape Ecology in Theory and Practice

by Turner, Monica G.; Gardner, Robert H.; O'Neill, Robert V.

• ISBN13: 9780387951225
• ISBN10: 0387951229
• Edition: CD
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2001-04-01
• Publisher: Springer Verlag

Summary

SThis is a new text aimed expressly at the student taking a course in landscape ecology, written by very well-known practitioners and pioneers in this new field of ecological analysis. Landscape ecology has emerged during the past two decades as a new and exciting level of ecological study. Environmental problems such as global climate change, land use change, habitat fragmentation and loss of biodiversity have required ecologists to expand their traditional spatial and temporal scales and the widespread availability of remote imagery, geographic information systems, and desk top computing has permitted the development of spatially explicit analyses. In this new text book this new field of landscape ecology is given the first fully integrated treatment suitable for the student. Throughout, the theoretical developments, modeling approaches and results, and empirical data are merged together, so as not to introduce barriers to the synthesis of the various approaches that constitute an effective ecological synthesis. The book also emphasizes selected topic areas in which landscape ecology has made the most contributions to our understanding of ecological processes, as well as identifying areas where its contributions have been limited. Each chapter features questions for discussion as well as recommended reading.

Table of Contents

Preface	v
Introduction to Landscape Ecology	1	(24)
What Is Landscape Ecology?	2	(5)
Why Landscape Ecology Has Emerged as a Distinct Area of Study	7	(3)
The Intellectual Roots of Landscape Ecology	10	(10)
Objectives of This Book	20	(1)
Summary	21	(4)
Discussion Questions	22	(1)
Recommended Readings	23	(2)
The Critical Concept of Scale	25	(22)
Scale Terminology and Its Practical Application	27	(5)
Scale Problems	32	(2)
Scale Concepts and Hierarchy Theory	34	(4)
Identifying the ``Right'' Scale(s)	38	(2)
Reasoning About Scale	40	(1)
Scaling Up	40	(3)
Summary	43	(4)
Discussion Questions	44	(1)
Recommended Readings	45	(2)
Introduction To Models	47	(24)
What are Models and Why Do We Use Them?	47	(9)
Steps in Building a Model	56	(8)
Landscape Models	64	(2)
Caveats in the Use of Models	66	(1)
Summary	67	(4)
Discussion Questions	68	(1)
Recommended Readings	69	(2)
Causes of Landscape Pattern	71	(22)
Abiotic Causes of Landscape Pattern	73	(10)
Biotic Interactions	83	(3)
Human Land Use	86	(4)
Disturbance and Succession	90	(1)
Summary	90	(3)
Discussion Questions	92	(1)
Recommended Readings	92	(1)
Quantifying Landscape Pattern	93	(42)
Why Quantify Pattern?	93	(2)
Data Used in Landscape Analysis	95	(4)
Caveats for Landscape Pattern Analysis, or ``Read This First''	99	(9)
Metrics for Quantifying Landscape Pattern	108	(17)
Geostatistics or Spatial Statistics	125	(7)
Summary	132	(3)
Discussion Questions	133	(1)
Recommended Readings	134	(1)
Neutral Landscape Models	135	(22)
Random Maps: The Simplest Neutral Model	138	(9)
Maps with Hierarchical Structure	147	(2)
Fractal Landscapes	149	(4)
Neutral Models Relating Pattern to Process	153	(1)
General Insights from the Use of NLMs	153	(2)
Summary	155	(2)
Discussion Questions	156	(1)
Recommended Readings	156	(1)
Landscape Disturbance Dynamics	157	(44)
Disturbance and Disturbance Regimes	159	(3)
Influence of the Landscape on Disturbance Pattern	162	(12)
Influence of Disturbance on Landscape Pattern	174	(14)
Concepts of Landscape Equilibrium	188	(8)
Summary	196	(5)
Discussion Questions	198	(1)
Recommended Readings	199	(2)
Organisms And Landscape Pattern	201	(48)
Conceptual Development of Organism-Space Interactions	204	(17)
Scale-Dependent Nature of Organism Responses	221	(8)
Effects of Spatial Pattern on Organisms	229	(11)
Spatially Explicit Population Models	240	(3)
Summary	243	(6)
Discussion Questions	246	(1)
Recommended Readings	247	(2)
Ecosystem Processes In The Landscape	249	(40)
Spatial Heterogeneity in Ecosystem Processes	251	(10)
Effects of Landscape Position on Lake Ecosystems	261	(4)
Land-Water Interactions	265	(15)
Linking Species and Ecosystems	280	(4)
Searching for General Principles	284	(1)
Summary	285	(4)
Discussion Questions	287	(1)
Recommended Readings	288	(1)
Applied Landscape Ecology	289	(38)
Land Use	290	(17)
Forest Management	307	(7)
Regional Risk Assessment	314	(5)
Continental-Scale Monitoring	319	(2)
Summary	321	(6)
Discussion Questions	324	(1)
Recommended Readings	325	(2)
Conclusions and Future Directions	327	(6)
What Have We Learned?	328	(1)
Research Directions	329	(2)
Conclusion	331	(2)
Discussion Questions	332	(1)
Recommended Readings	332	(1)
References	333	(56)
Index	389