Language and Space

by Bloom, Paul; Peterson, Mary A.; Nadel, Lynn; Garrett, Merrill F.

• ISBN13: 9780262024037
• ISBN10: 0262024039
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1996-09-01
• Publisher: Bradford Books

Summary

The study of the relationship between natural language and spatial cognition has the potential to yield answers to vexing questions about the nature of the mind, language, and culture. The fifteen original contributions in Language and Spacebring together the major lines of research and the most important theoretical viewpoints in the areas of psychology, linguistics, anthropology, and neuroscience, providing a much needed synthesis across these diverse domains. Each chapter gives a clear up-to-date account of a particular research program. Overall, they address such questions as: how does the brain represent space, how many kinds of spatial representations are there, how do we learn to talk about space and what role does culture play in these matters, should experimental tests of the relations between space and language be restricted to closed-class linguistic elements or must the role of open-class elements be considered as well? Throughout authors speak to each other's arguments, laying bare key areas of agreement and disagreement. Contributors:Manfred Bierwisch. Paul Bloom. Melissa Bowerman. Karen Emmorey. Merrill Garrett. Ray Jackendoff. Philip Johnson-Laird. Barbara Landau. Willem Levelt. Stephen Levinson. Gordon Logan. Jean Mandler. Lynn Nadel. John O'Keefe. Mary Peterson. Daniel Sadler. Tim Shallice. Len Talmy. Barbara Tversky.

Table of Contents

Creating a Workbook	p. 1
The Workbook	p. 1
Creating or Opening a Workbook	p. 2
Working With Multiple Workbooks	p. 3
Renaming Worksheets	p. 4
Adding and Deleting Worksheets	p. 4
Moving and Copying Worksheets	p. 5
Entering Information	p. 7
How Excel Translates What You Enter	p. 8
Entering Formulas	p. 10
Adding Functions to your Formulas	p. 14
Working with Name	p. 18
Saving Your Work	p. 21
Editing Worksheets	p. 24
Editing Individual Cells	p. 24
Making Selections	p. 26
Selecting a Row or Column	p. 26
Selecting a Range of Cells	p. 27
Selecting an Entire Worksheet	p. 27
Creating a Selection Set	p. 28
Canceling a Selection	p. 28
Clearing and Deleting Cells	p. 29
Inserting Rows, Columns, and Cells	p. 31
Moving and Copying Cells	p. 32
Formulas versus Values	p. 33
Drag-and-drop Editing	p. 33
Undoing Changes	p. 34
Spell Checking	p. 35
Checking Your Worksheet	p. 35
Adding Custom Words	p. 36
Using AutoCorrect	p. 36
Adding Entries	p. 37
Removing Entries	p. 38
Formatting Your Worksheet	p. 39
Controlling the Display of Numbers	p. 39
Quickly Formatting a Number	p. 40
Applying a Number Format	p. 41
Using Custom Number Formats	p. 41
Positioning Information Within a Cell	p. 48
Horizontal Alignment	p. 48
Vertical Alignment	p. 52
Orientation	p. 52
Miscellaneous Controls	p. 53
Working with Fonts	p. 53
Changing the Font	p. 54
Setting Text Attributes	p. 55
Changing Font Sizes	p. 55
Changing Font Colors	p. 55
Changing Font Information All at Once	p. 56
Cell Colors and Patterns	p. 57
Changing Cell Colors	p. 57
Changing Cell Patterns	p. 58
Cell Borders	p. 59
Adding Borders	p. 59
Removing Borders	p. 60
Formatting Rows	p. 61
Setting Row Height	p. 61
Hiding and Unhiding Rows	p. 62
Formatting Columns	p. 62
Setting Column Width	p. 62
Setting a Default Column Width	p. 63
Hiding and Unhiding Columns	p. 64
Formatting Worksheets	p. 64
Changing the Background	p. 64
Hiding and Unhiding Worksheets	p. 65
Copying Formatting	p. 66
Using the Format Painter	p. 66
Using Copy and Paste	p. 67
Printing Your Worksheet	p. 69
Understanding Printing Concepts in Excel	p. 69
Changing the Page Setup	p. 69
Page Size and Orientation	p. 70
Scaling	p. 71
Page Numbers	p. 71
Page Margins	p. 72
Headers and Footers	p. 73
Controlling What Prints	p. 76
Which Part of Your Worksheet Should Be Printed?	p. 76
Setting Print Titles	p. 77
Printout Controls	p. 77
Printing Order	p. 78
Using Page Break Preview	p. 78
Using Print Preview	p. 79
Selecting a Printer	p. 81
Printing Your Workbook	p. 82
Specifying What to Print	p. 83
Printing to a Disk File	p. 84
Excel Tools	p. 86
Working With Comments	p. 86
Adding Comments	p. 87
Viewing Comments	p. 88
Editing Comments	p. 89
Removing Comments	p. 90
Managing Comments	p. 90
Printing Comments	p. 91
Revision Tracking	p. 92
Turning Revision Marking On and Off	p. 92
Making Revision	p. 93
Resolving Revisions	p. 94
The Office Assistant	p. 96
Changing the Assistant	p. 96
Setting Assistant Options	p. 97
Removing the Assistant	p. 97
Advanced Formatting	p. 99
Using Styles	p. 99
Creating a Style	p. 99
Applying a Style	p. 101
Changing an Existing Style	p. 101
Copying Styles	p. 101
Deleting a Style	p. 102
Using AutoFormat	p. 102
Placing Limits on AutoFormat	p. 103
Undoing an AutoFormat	p. 104
Using Conditional Formatting	p. 105
Establishing Conditions	p. 105
Setting a Format	p. 107
Using Multiple Conditions	p. 108
Copying Conditional Formatting	p. 109
Controlling the Display	p. 110
Controlling Gridlines	p. 110
Viewing Zero Values	p. 111
Turning Headers On and Off	p. 111
Viewing Formulas versus Results	p. 112
Overhead Information	p. 112
Excel as a Database	p. 115
What Is a List?	p. 115
Using Data Forms	p. 116
Sorting Data	p. 118
Sorting an Entire List	p. 119
Sorting a Partial List	p. 119
More Complex Sorts	p. 120
Creating a Sort Order	p. 121
Filtering Data	p. 122
Using AutoFilter	p. 123
Advanced Filtering	p. 125
Performing Calculations While Filtering	p. 127
Copying the Results of Filtering	p. 129
Setting Up Automatic Subtotals	p. 130
Displaying Only Subtotals	p. 132
Removing Subtotals	p. 132
Working With PivotTables	p. 135
What Is a PivotTable?	p. 135
Creating a PivotTable	p. 136
Understanding Pages	p. 140
Editing a PivotTable	p. 141
Using the PivotTable Wizard to Edit an Existing PivotTable	p. 141
Directly Changing a PivotTable Field	p. 142
Using the Mouse to Edit a PivotTable	p. 144
Refreshing Data	p. 145
Formatting a PivotTable	p. 145
Using "What If" Capabilities	p. 147
The Solver	p. 147
Installing the Solver	p. 147
Using the Solver	p. 148
Solver Options	p. 151
Solver Reports	p. 152
Goal Seeking	p. 153
Using Data Tables	p. 155
A Single-Input Data Table	p. 155
A Double-Input Data Table	p. 157
Scenarios	p. 158
Saving a Scenario	p. 159
Showing a Scenario	p. 162
Editing a Scenario	p. 163
Creating Scenario Summaries	p. 164
Using Views and Reports	p. 166
What is a View	p. 166
Using Stored Views	p. 167
Deleting a View	p. 168
What is a Report?	p. 168
Using the Report Manager	p. 168
Adding a Report	p. 169
Editing Reports	p. 171
Printing Reports	p. 172
Deleting Reports	p. 172
Verifying Your Workbook	p. 174
What Is Auditing?	p. 174
Auditing a Worksheet	p. 175
Tracing Errors	p. 177
Following Auditing Arrows	p. 178
Using Data Validation	p. 179
Defining Data Validation Rules	p. 179
Setting Input Messages	p. 180
Specifying an Error Message	p. 181
Auditing For Valid Data	p. 183
Working with Others	p. 185
Protecting Your Workbook	p. 185
Protecting a Single Worksheet	p. 185
Protecting an Entire Workbook	p. 189
Sharing Your Workbooks	p. 190
Allowing for Multiple Users	p. 190
Turning Off Sharing	p. 192
Password Protecting an Excel File	p. 193
Merging Workbooks	p. 194
Web Collaboration	p. 194
Conducting a NetMeeting	p. 195
Using Web Discussions	p. 195
Charting Your Data	p. 201
Creating a Chart	p. 201
Formatting Your Chart	p. 205
Changing Chart Types	p. 206
Changing Chart Size	p. 206
Adding Chart Titles	p. 207
Adding Data Labels	p. 208
3-D Changes	p. 209
Creating Custom Formats	p. 210
Updating Your Chart	p. 212
Printing Revisited	p. 212
Printing Embedded Charts	p. 212
Preparing a Chart Sheet for Printing	p. 212
Sending Your Chart to the Printer	p. 213
Adding Graphic Objects	p. 216
What Are Graphic Objects?	p. 216
The Drawing Toolbar	p. 217
Drawing Different Objects	p. 219
Drawing Simple Objects	p. 219
Drawing AutoShapes	p. 220
Drawing Complex Objects	p. 220
Using Text Boxes	p. 222
Editing Graphic Objects	p. 223
Editing a Complex Object	p. 224
Adjusting an AutoShape	p. 225
Changing an AutoShape	p. 225
Editing a Text Box	p. 226
Formatting Graphics Objects	p. 226
Filling an Object	p. 226
Changing Line Color and Pattern	p. 227
Styles for Lines, Dashes, and Arrows	p. 228
Adding Shadows	p. 288
3-D Effects	p. 288
Rotating Graphic Objects	p. 229
A Word on WordArt	p. 230
Excel and the Web	p. 232
What is the Web?	p. 232
How the Web Works	p. 233
Web Addressing	p. 234
Using Hyperlinks	p. 235
Defining a Hyperlink	p. 235
Using Drag-and-Drop to Create a Hyperlink	p. 238
Activating a Hyperlink	p. 238
Editing a Hyperlink	p. 238
Deleting a Hyperlink	p. 239
Creating Web Pages	p. 240
Making a New Web Page	p. 241
Adding To a Web Page	p. 243
The Basics of Macros	p. 246
Creating a Macro	p. 246
Examining a Macro	p. 249
Editing a Macro	p. 250
Writing a Macro from Scratch	p. 252
Running a Macro	p. 255
Deleting a Macro	p. 255
Adding Control Features	p. 257
Controls Add a "Front End" to Your Macros	p. 257
Working with Messages	p. 257
Displaying a Message Box	p. 259
Specifying the Type of Message Box	p. 259
Understanding the Return Values	p. 260
Putting It Together	p. 261
Getting User Input	p. 261
Using Buttons and Other Graphical Controls	p. 263
Buttons	p. 265
Checkboxes	p. 266
Option Buttons	p. 267
List Boxes	p. 268
Scroll Bars	p. 270
Spinner Arrows	p. 271
Group Boxes	p. 272
Making Macros Part of Excel	p. 274
Working With Menus	p. 274
Adding Items To a Menu	p. 274
Moving Items On a Menu	p. 278
Adding a New Menu	p. 278
Removing Items From a Menu	p. 278
Changing the Keyboard	p. 279
Working With Toolbars	p. 281
Editing Toolbars	p. 281
Creating Your Own Toolbars	p. 283
Assigning a Macro To a Tool	p. 285
Changing the Image On a Button	p. 286
Automatically Running Macros	p. 288
Creating Automatic Procedures	p. 288
Running a Procedure When a Workbook is Opened	p. 288
Running a Procedure When a Workbook is Closed	p. 289
Running a Procedure When a Worksheet is Activated	p. 290
Running a Procedure When a Worksheet is Deactivated	p. 291
Understanding Add-Ins	p. 292
Creating Add-Ins	p. 293
Using Custom Add-Ins	p. 295
Basic Business Forms	p. 297
Using the Basic Business Forms	p. 298
Suggested Improvements	p. 298
Saving to a Different Workbook	p. 298
Credit Application	p. 299
How to Use This Form	p. 299
Purchase Order	p. 300
How to Use This Form	p. 300
What Is Calculated?	p. 301
Improvements You Can Make	p. 301
Product Invoice	p. 302
How to Use This Form	p. 302
What Is Calculated?	p. 302
Improvements You Can Make	p. 303
Product Credit Memo	p. 303
How to Use This Form	p. 304
What Is Calculated?	p. 304
Improvements You Can Make	p. 304
Quotation	p. 304
How to Use This Form	p. 304
Improvements You Can Make	p. 305
Service Invoice	p. 306
How to Use This Form	p. 306
What Is Calculated?	p. 307
Improvements You Can Make	p. 307
Service Credit Memo	p. 307
How to Use This Form	p. 307
What Is Calculated?	p. 307
Improvements You Can Make	p. 308
Account Statement	p. 308
How to Use This Form	p. 308
What Is Calculated?	p. 309
Improvements You Can Make	p. 310
Cash Receipt	p. 310
How to Use This Form	p. 311
Improvements You Can Make	p. 311
Petty Cash Log	p. 311
How to Use This Form	p. 312
What Is Calculated?	p. 312
Inventory Tracking	p. 312
How to Use This Form	p. 312
What Is Calculated?	p. 314
Improvements You Can Make	p. 315
Travel Itinerary	p. 315
How to Use This Form	p. 315
What Is Calculated?	p. 316
Improvements You Can Make	p. 316
Mileage Log	p. 316
How to Use This Form	p. 316
What Is Calculated?	p. 317
Improvements You Can Make	p. 317
Expense Report	p. 317
How to Use This Form	p. 318
What Is Calculated?	p. 319
Improvements You Can Make	p. 319
Daily Time Sheet	p. 319
How to Use This Form	p. 319
What Is Calculated?	p. 320
Improvements You Can Make	p. 320
Performance Review	p. 321
How to Use This Form	p. 321
What Is Calculated?	p. 322
Improvements You Can Make	p. 322
Fixed Assets Tracking	p. 322
How to Use This Form	p. 322
What Is Calculated?	p. 323
Financial Business Forms	p. 325
Using the Financial Business Forms	p. 325
Accounts Receivable Summary	p. 326
How to Use This Form	p. 326
What Is Calculated?	p. 327
Improvements You Can Make	p. 327
Aging Report	p. 327
How to Use This Form	p. 328
What Is Calculated?	p. 329
Improvements You Can Make	p. 329
Cash Flow Analysis	p. 330
How to Use This Form	p. 330
What Is Calculated?	p. 330
Improvements You Can Make	p. 331
Accounts Payable Summary	p. 331
How to Use This Form	p. 331
What Is Calculated?	p. 332
Improvements You Can Make	p. 332
Break-Even Analysis	p. 332
How to Use This Form	p. 333
What Is Calculated?	p. 334
GandA Budget	p. 334
How to Use This Form	p. 334
What Is Calculated?	p. 334
Improvements You Can Make	p. 334
Depreciation Analysis	p. 335
How to Use This Form	p. 336
What Is Calculated?	p. 337
Income Statement	p. 337
How to Use This Form	p. 338
What Is Calculated?	p. 338
Improvements You Can Make	p. 338
Pro forma Income Statement	p. 338
How to Use This Form	p. 339
What Is Calculated?	p. 339
Improvements You Can Make	p. 340
Balance Sheet	p. 340
How to Use This Form	p. 340
What Is Calculated?	p. 340
Improvements You Can Make	p. 341
Pro Forma Balance Sheet	p. 341
How to Use This Form	p. 342
What Is Calculated?	p. 342
Improvements You Can Make	p. 343
Business Management	p. 345
Using the Business-Management Forms	p. 345
Product Sales Goals	p. 345
How to Use This Form	p. 346
What Is Calculated?	p. 347
Sales Projections	p. 347
How to Use This Form	p. 348
What Is Calculated?	p. 348
Sales Call Tracking	p. 348
How to Use This Form	p. 348
Improvements You Can Make	p. 349
Sales Tracking by Employee	p. 349
How to Use This Form	p. 350
What Is Calculated?	p. 350
Personal Finance	p. 352
Using the Personal Finance Forms	p. 352
Household Budget	p. 353
How to Use This Form	p. 354
What Is Calculated?	p. 354
Improvements You Can Make	p. 354
Charitable Donations	p. 354
How to Use This Form	p. 355
What Is Calculated?	p. 355
Health-Care Expenses	p. 356
How to Use This Form	p. 356
What Is Calculated	p. 356
Improvements You Can Make	p. 357
Credit Card Purchases	p. 357
How to Use This Form	p. 358
What Is Calculated?	p. 358
Improvements You Can Make	p. 358
Business Use of a Home	p. 358
How to Use This Form	p. 359
What Is Calculated?	p. 359
Business Use of a Phone	p. 360
How to Use This Form	p. 360
What Is Calculated?	p. 360
Improvements You Can Make	p. 361
Insurance Summary	p. 361
How to Use This Form	p. 361
What Is Calculated?	p. 361
Improvements You Can Make	p. 362
Investment Tracking	p. 362
How to Use This Form	p. 363
What Is Calculated?	p. 363
Net Worth Summary	p. 364
How to Use This Form	p. 364
What Is Calculated?	p. 365
Improvements You Can Make	p. 365
Planning for a Future Expense	p. 365
How to Use This Form	p. 366
What Is Calculated?	p. 367
Retirement Planning	p. 367
How to Use This Form	p. 367
What Is Calculated?	p. 367
Buying Property	p. 370
Using the Buying Property Forms	p. 370
Mortgage Qualification	p. 371
How to Use This Form	p. 371
What Is Calculated?	p. 372
Closing-Costs Summary	p. 373
How to Use This Form	p. 374
What Is Calculated?	p. 374
Mortgage Amortization	p. 374
How to Use This Form	p. 374
What Is Calculated?	p. 375
Improvements You Can Make	p. 376
Effects of Prepayment	p. 376
How to Use This Form	p. 376
What Is Calculated?	p. 377
Refinancing Your Mortgage	p. 378
How to Use This Form	p. 378
What Is Calculated?	p. 379
Improvements You Can Make	p. 379
Personal Management	p. 380
Using the Personal Management Forms	p. 380
Monthly Calendar	p. 380
How to Use This Form	p. 381
What Is Calculated?	p. 382
Improvements You Can Make	p. 382
Yearly Calendar	p. 383
How to Use This Form	p. 384
What Is Calculated?	p. 384
Improvements You Can Make	p. 384
Appointment Tracking	p. 384
How to Use This Form	p. 384
What Is Calculated?	p. 385
Improvements You Can Make	p. 385
Household Inventory	p. 386
How to Use This Form	p. 386
What Is Calculated?	p. 387
Home Improvement Summary	p. 387
How to Use This Form	p. 387
What Is Calculated?	p. 388
Excel Worksheet Functions	p. 389
Installing and Using the Companion CD Forms	p. 436
Index	p. 441
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