Latin America and Its People, Combined Volume

by Martin, Cheryl E.; Wasserman, Mark

• ISBN13: 9780205054701
• ISBN10: 0205054706
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2011-02-23
• Publisher: Pearson

Summary

Written by two of the leading scholars in the field, Latin America and Its Peoplepresents a fresh interpretative survey of Latin-American history from pre-Columbian times to the present. It takes a thematic approach to examining the many institutions that Latin-Americans have built and rebuilt - families, governments, churches, political parties, labor unions, schools and armies - through the everyday#xA0;lives of the diverse people who forged these institutions and later altered them to meet changing circumstances.

Author Biography

Cheryl E. Martin

Cheryl E. Martin has taught Latin-American history at the University of Texas at El Paso since 1978. A native of Buffalo, New York, she received her bachelor’s degree from the Georgetown University School of Foreign Service and her M.A. and Ph.D. from Tulane University. She studied at the Universidad de Cuenca, Ecuador, on a Fulbright Fellowship and was a visiting instructor at the Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Mexico. Her publications include Rural Society in Colonial Morelos (1985) and Governance and Society in Colonial Mexico: Chihuahua in the Eighteenth Century (1996). She also co-edited, with William Beezley and William E. French, Rituals of Rule, Rituals of Resistance: Public Celebrations and Popular Culture in Mexico (1994). Martin has served on the Council of the American Historical Association and on the editorial boards of the Hispanic American Historical Review, The Americas, the Latin American Research Review and H. Borderlands. She has received two fellowships from the National Endowment for the Humanities and Awards for Distinguished Achievement in both teaching and research at the University of Texas at El Paso. She enjoys reading and travel and is the proud grandmother of Mackenzie and Zachary.

 

Mark Wasserman

Mark Wasserman is a professor of history at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, where he has taught since 1978. Brought up in Marblehead, Massachusetts, he earned his B.A. at Duke University and his M.A. and Ph.D. at the University of Chicago. He is the author of three books on Mexico: Capitalists, Caciques, and Revolution: The Native Elite and Foreign Enterprise in Chihuahua, Mexico, 1854–1911(1984), Persistent Oligarchs: Elites and Politics in Chihuahua, Mexico, 1910–1940 (1993) and Everyday Life and Politics in Nineteenth Century Mexico: Men, Women, and War (2000). He also coauthored the early editions of the best-selling History of Latin America (1980–88) with Benjamin Keen. Wasserman has twice won the Arthur P. Whitaker Prize for his books and has received research fellowships from the Tinker Foundation, the American Council of Learned Societies/Social Science Research Council, the American Philosophical Society and the National Endowment of the Humanities. He has been vice-chair for undergraduate education of the Rutgers department of history and chair of the department’s Teaching Effectiveness Committee.Wasserman was an elected member of the Highland Park, New Jersey Board of Education for nearly a decade and served as its president for two years. He is an avid fan of Duke basketball and enjoys hiking and travel.

Table of Contents

IN THIS SECTION:
1.) BRIEF
2.) COMPREHENSIVE

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BRIEF TABLE OF CONTENTS:

 

Chapter 1: The First People of the Americas 
Chapter 2: Americans and Iberians on the Eve of Contact 
Chapter 3: The European Conquest of America 
Chapter 4: The Iberians’ New World 
Chapter 5: The Amerindians’ Changing World 
Chapter 6: A New People and Their World 
Chapter 7: The Shifting Fortunes of Colonial Empires 
Chapter 8: The New Nations of Latin America 
Chapter 9: Regionalism, War, and Reconstruction: Politics and Economics, 821-1880 
Chapter 10: Everyday Life in an Uncertain Age, 1821-1880 
Chapter 11: Economic Modernization, Society, and Politics, 1880-1920 
Chapter 12: Between Revolutions: The New Politics of Class and the Economies of Import Substitution Industrialization, 1920-1959 
Chapter 13: People and Progress, 1910-1959
Chapter 14: Revolution, Reaction, Democracy, and the New Global Economy, 1959 to the Present 
Chapter 15: Everyday Life: 1959 to the Present

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COMPREHENSIVE TABLE OF CONTENTS:

 

List of Features
List of Maps and Color Plates 
Map of National Capitals 
Preface
About the Authors 
 
Chapter 1: The First People of the Americas 
The First Americans 
Coming to America 
Subsistence Strategies and the Development of Agriculture 
Sedentary Communities and Ceremonial Centers 
Ceremonial Centers in Mexico and Peru 
The Olmec: “Mother Culture” of Mexico? 
Chavín de Huantar in Peru 
The Cities of Classic Mesoamerica 
Monte Albán 
Teotihuacan 
Maya Civilization in the Classic Era 
Peru After Chavín 
The Moche 
The Nazca 
Tiwanaku 
The Wari Empire 
Mesoamerica and Peru, 900–1400 C.E. 
The Toltecs 
The Mixtecs of Oaxaca 
The Post-Classic Maya 
Peru after Tiwanaku and Wari 
The World of Early Americans 
People and Their Environment 
Early Americans and Their Beliefs 
Communities, States, and War 
Conclusion 
LEARNING MORE ABOUT LATIN AMERICANS 
HOW HISTORIANS UNDERSTAND Archaeology, Literacy, and the Study of History 
LATIN AMERICAN LIVES Pacal the Great, King of Palenque, 603–683 C.E. 
SLICE OF LIFE The Craft Workers of Chan Chan, 1400 C.E. 
 
Chapter 2: Americans and Iberians on the Eve of Contact 
Mesoamerica in the Fifteenth Century 
The Rise of the Mexica 
Mexica Statecraft 
Mexica Religion 
Everyday Life in the Time of the Mexica 
Mesoamerica on the Eve of the Spanish Invasion 
The Andes in the Fifteenth Century 
The Rise of the Incas 
Inca Statecraft 
Andean Religion in the Time of the Incas 
Everyday Life in the Time of the Incas 
The Aztecs and Incas Compared 
The Diversity of American Peoples 
The Tainos and Caribs 
The Tupi of Coastal Brazil 
The “Pueblo” Peoples of New Mexico 
The Spanish and the Portuguese 
Centuries of Conquest 
Medieval Iberia and the Reconquista 
Iberian Monarchies in the Fifteenth Century 
The Breakdown of Iberian “Convivencia” 
Iberian Society in the Fifteenth Century 
Iberia and the Beginnings of Overseas Expansion 
Conclusion 
LEARNING MORE ABOUT LATIN AMERICANS 
HOW HISTORIANS UNDERSTAND Counting People in Past Societies 
LATIN AMERICAN LIVES Tanta Carhua, Bride of the Sun 
SLICE OF LIFE The Marketplace at Tlatelolco 
 
Chapter 3: The European Conquest of America 
The Europeans Arrive 
Columbus and the First Encounters 
The Caribbean Colonies 
The Portuguese in Brazil 
The Spanish in Mesoamerica and the Andes 
Cortés and the Aztecs 
The Search for “Otro México” 
The Pizarros and the Incas 
Military Conquest or Strategic Alliance? 
Building a Colonial Society 
The Ecological Conquest 
Conquistadors, Encomenderos, and Native Peoples 
A Multiracial Society in Formation 
The “Spiritual Conquest” of Latin America 
Early Evangelization 
The Impact of Evangelization 
Resistance to Christianity 
The Consolidation of Colonial Empires 
The Viceroyalties of New Spain and Peru 
The Spanish Colonial Bureaucracy 
Royal Government in Brazil 
The Church in Spanish America and Brazil 
The Spanish and Portuguese Empires 
Conclusion 
LEARNING MORE ABOUT LATIN AMERICANS 
HOW HISTORIANS UNDERSTAND Malinche and the Uses of Historical Memory 
SLICE OF LIFE The Cuzco Cabildo Founds a Convent, 1551 
LATIN AMERICAN LIVES Domingos Fernandes Nobre, Mameluco of Brazil
 
Chapter 4: The Iberians’ New World 
The Lure of Precious Metals 
The Silver Boom 
Labor and Technology in Silver Mining 
Procuring a Labor Supply 
Gold Mining in Brazil 
Agriculture 
Sugar Plantations 
Haciendas and Ranches 
Landownership 
Landed Elites 
Rural Society 
Trade and Transportation 
International Commerce 
Overland Transport 
Merchants 
Mercantile Restrictions 
Cities and Towns in the Iberians’ New World 
Capital Cities 
Provincial Capitals and Other Towns 
Urban Amenities 
Urban Working Classes 
Conclusion 
LEARNING MORE ABOUT LATIN AMERICANS 
HOW HISTORIANS UNDERSTAND Documenting Colonial Enterprise 
LATIN AMERICAN LIVES Antonio López De Quiroga, Bolivian Entrepreneur 
SLICE OF LIFE The Safra in Colonial Brazil 
 
Chapter 5: The Amerindians’ Changing World 
Native Communities in Mesoamerica and the Andes 
Shifting Populations in the República de Indios 
Local Government in the República de Indios 
Subsistence and Survival in the República de Indios 
Native Communities and the Cash Economy 
Families and Households in the República de Indios 
Religion and Community Life in the República de Indios 
Natives as Catholics 
Belief and Practice in the República de Indios 
Religion and Community Identity 
Mission Indians 
Jesuit and Franciscan Missions 
Native Peoples in the Jesuit and Franciscan Missions 
Mission Indians and Colonial Society 
Native Peoples and the Colonial Order 
Indians in the República de Españoles 
“Indios Bárbaros” 
Regional Revolts 
Native Historical Memory and the Colonial Order 
Conclusion 
LEARNING MORE ABOUT LATIN AMERICANS 
HOW HISTORIANS UNDERSTAND Measuring Acculturation Using Indigenous Language Sources 
LATIN AMERICAN LIVES Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala 
SLICE OF LIFE The Indians of Oaxtepec Defend Their Land and Water 
 
Chapter 6: A New People and Their World 
The Making of Multiethnic Societies 
Spanish and Portuguese Immigrants 
Creoles 
Mestizos and Mamelucos 
African Slaves 
Slave Resistance 
Maroon Communities 
Free Blacks and Mulattos 
Race and Class in Colonial Latin America 
Social and Cultural Definitions of Race 
Class and Ethnicity 
Honor, Gender, and Patriarchy 
Honor and the Patriarchal Family 
Marriage and the Family 
Honor and Sexuality 
Honor and Homosexuality 
The Limits of Patriarchy 
Convents: “Islands of Women” 
Convents and Colonial Society 
Conformity and Defiance in Colonial Society 
The Social Etiquette of Everyday Life 
The Administration of Justice 
The Inquisition and Deviant Behavior 
Rituals of Rule 
Scatological Songs and Dances of Defiance 
Conclusion 
LEARNING MORE ABOUT LATIN AMERICANS 
HOW HISTORIANS UNDERSTAND Parish Registers and the Study of Colonial Society 
LATIN AMERICAN LIVES Juana De Cobos, Baker in Chihuahua 
SLICE OF LIFE Corpus Christi in Cuzco 
 
Chapter 7: The Shifting Fortunes of Colonial Empires 
The Spanish and Portuguese Empires in Eighteenth-Century Politics 
Great Britain and Latin America 
The Seven Years’ War 
The American Revolution and Latin America 
The French Revolution and Latin America 
The Haitian Revolution 
The Bourbon and Pombaline Reforms 
Defending the Spanish Empire 
Administrative Restructuring and New Viceroyalties 
The Power of the Church 
Economic Development 
Latin American Peoples in the Age of Revolution 
Social Change in the Late Colonial Period 
The Changing Face of Colonial Cities 
The Enlightenment in Latin America 
Resistance and Rebellion in the Late Colonial Period 
Developing Creole Consciousness 
Resistance to the Bourbon Reforms 
Conspiracies in Brazil 
The Great Rebellion in Peru 
Conclusion 
LEARNING MORE ABOUT LATIN AMERICANS 
HOW HISTORIANS UNDERSTAND Latin America and the Atlantic World
SLICE OF LIFE The Royal Tobacco Factory in Mexico City 
LATIN AMERICAN LIVES  José Antonio Aponte, sculptor of Havana
SLICE OF LIFE The royal tobacco factory in Mexico City 
 
Chapter 8: The New Nations of Latin America 
Spanish America and the Crisis of 1808 
Spain and the Napoleonic Invasion 
Representative Government in Spain and America, 1808–1814 
The “American Question” 
Spanish American Grievances and the Crisis of 1808 
Mexico 
Venezuela 
Argentina 
Spanish American Independence 
The Final Campaigns 
Regional Conflicts in the Spanish American Struggle for Independence 
The Independence of Brazil 
The Portuguese Monarchy in Brazil 
Popular Unrest in Brazil 
The Culmination of Brazilian Independence 
The Meaning of Independence 
Conclusion 
LEARNING MORE ABOUT LATIN AMERICANS 
HOW HISTORIANS UNDERSTAND Were the wars of independence the turning point? 
LATIN AMERICAN LIVES Manuela Sáenz, 1797-1856, liberator of South America
SLICE OF LIFE The 16th of September: independence day in Mexico 
 
Chapter 9: Regionalism, War, and Reconstruction: Politics and Economics, 1821-1880 
Dilemmas of Nationhood 
Who Governs and What Form of Government? 
Federalism/Centralism and Liberalism/Conservatism 
The Challenge of Regionalism 
Argentina, Mexico, Colombia, and Central America 
Brazil and Chile 
A Century of War 
Wars of Political Consolidation 
Intra-Regional Wars 
Foreign Wars 
Civil Wars 
The Impact of War 
Popular Participation 
Caudillos 
The Challenge of Economic Recovery 
Obstacles to Development 
Export Economies 
Conclusion 
LEARNING MORE ABOUT LATIN AMERICANS 
HOW HISTORIANS UNDERSTAND Benito Juárez: The Making of a Myth 
LATIN AMERICAN Lives  Francisco Solano López
SLICE OF LIFE The Parián Riot: Mexico City, 1828 
 
Chapter 10: Everyday Life in an Uncertain Age, 1821-1880 
The People 
The Large Estates: Haciendas, Estancias, Plantations, Fazendas 
Work Life 
Domestic Life 
Plantations and Slavery 
Villages and Small Holders 
Religion 
Urban Life and Societal Transformation 
The Cities 
Transformations 
Food, Clothing, Shelter, and Entertainment 
Food 
Clothing 
Shelter 
Entertainment 
Conclusion 
LEARNING MORE ABOUT LATIN AMERICANS
HOW HISTORIANS UNDERSTAND The Construction of Racism
LATIN AMERICAN LIVES The Gaucho 
SLICE OF LIFE Urban Slaves 
 
Chapter 11: Economic Modernization, Society, and Politics, 1880-1920 
Economic Modernization 
Exports 
The Downside of Export-Led Modernization 
Railroads 
Modernization and Social Change 
Population Increase 
New Classes, New Voices 
Rural Discontent 
Mass Movements of People 
Politics in the Age of Modernization 
A Modernized Military 
The Rule of the Ranchers and Planters: Argentina and Brazil 
Democracy in Chile 
The Aristocratic Republic: Peru 
Dictatorship: Mexico 
Modernization and Resistance 
Indigenous Peoples 
Resistance in the Countryside 
The Mexican Revolution 
Conclusion 
LEARNING MORE ABOUT LATIN AMERICANS 
HOW HISTORIANS UNDERSTAND Why Do People Rebel? 
LATIN AMERICAN LIVES Evaristo Madero
SLICE OF LIFE A Chilean Mining Camp 
 
Chapter 12: Between Revolutions: The New Politics of Class and the Economies of Import Substitution Industrialization, 1920-1959 
Three Crises and the Beginnings of Intensified Government Involvement in the Economy, 1920–1945 
The Aftermath of World War I 
The Great Depression 
World War II
Peacetime Economies 
Dictators and Populists 
The 1920s 
Depression and War 
Peacetime Politics 
Failure of the Left and Right 
Women’s Suffrage 
Conclusion 
LEARNING MORE ABOUT LATIN AMERICANS 
HOW HISTORIANS UNDERSTAND Reconstructing the Semana Trágica (Tragic Week) in Argentine History 
LATIN AMERICAN LIVES Elvia and Felipe Carrillo Puerto 
SLICE OF LIFE Colombian Coffee Farm in 1925 
                                                                                 
Chapter 13: People and Progress, 1910-1959
Socialization in the Factory and the Mine: Proletarianization and Patriarchy 
A Miner’s Day at El Teniente 
Urbanization and Social Change 
The Cities 
Life on the Edge: The Middle Class 
La Chica Moderna  
Popular and High Culture 
Conclusion 
LEARNING MORE ABOUT LATIN AMERICANS 
HOW HISTORIANS UNDERSTAND The Voice of the Lower Classes 
LATIN AMERICAN LIVES Frida Kahlo 
SLICE OF LIFE Village Life in Peru 
 
Chapter 14: Revolution, Reaction, Democracy, and the New Global Economy, 1959 to the Present 
The Revolutions: Cuba, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Guatemala, Peru, and Colombia  
Cuba 
Nicaragua 
El Salvador 
Guatemala 
Peru 
Colombia 
The Tyrannies: Brazil, Argentina, and Chile 
Brazil 
Argentina 
Chile  
The Exception: Mexico 
Resurgent Democracy and the “Pink Tide” 
The Struggle for Control of Everyday Life 
Indigenous Political Movements
The New Global Economy 
Conclusion 
LEARNING MORE ABOUT LATIN AMERICANS 
HOW HISTORIANS UNDERSTAND Theories of Economic Development and History 
LATIN AMERICAN LIVES  An Argentine Military Officer 
SLICE OF LIFE On the Streets of Neuvo Laredo 
 
Chapter 15: Everyday Life: 1959 to the Present
The Reign of Terror 
The Quality of Life 
What Does It Mean to Be Poor? 
Informal Economy 
Narcotics Trade
The Great Migrations 
The Cities 
To Be Poor in the Cities 
An Urban Migrant’s Story 
The Environment 
Natural Disasters
The Globalization of Culture 
Art 
Conclusion 
LEARNING MORE ABOUT LATIN AMERICANS 
HOW HISTORIANS UNDERSTAND From the Countryside to the City 
LATIN AMERICAN LIVES Women Rebels 
SLICE OF LIFE The Barrio/Favela 
 
Glossary
Credits
Index
Index