Latino Issues

by Saenz, Rogelio; Murga, Aurelia Lorena

• ISBN13: 9781598843149
• ISBN10: 1598843141
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2011-06-16
• Publisher: Abc-Clio Inc

Summary

The groups that comprise the Latina/o population differ with respect to histories, length of residence in the United States, mode in which they originally came to this country, and trajectory of integration. Latinos in America: A Reference Handbook provides a comprehensive overview of the Latina/o experience in the United States from historical and contemporary perspectives, illustrating the diversity of this disparate population.The handbook covers every aspect of Latino life in the United States, engaging readers in current problems and controversies involving the Latino population and suggesting solutions. Profiles of prominent Latina/os are included, as is information on legal/illegal immigration, bilingual education, affirmative action, dual citizenship, and assimilationall of which will prove invaluable to students, as well as to policymakers, educators, and other community leaders interested in improving the lives of Latinos within our borders.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. xiii
Introduction	p. 1
Manifest Destiny	p. 3
Context of Reception	p. 3
Manifest Destiny	p. 4
Conquest and Colonization	p. 6
Annexation and War	p. 8
Annexation	p. 9
Mexican-American War	p. 10
Spanish-American War	p. 12
Political Turmoil: Central and South Americans	p. 16
Nicaragua	p. 17
El Salvador	p. 18
Guatemala	p. 20
Colombia	p. 21
Continued Struggles for Inclusion	p. 23
Pan-Ethnicity	p. 23
Conclusion	p. 25
References	p. 26
Problems, Controversies, and Solutions	p. 31
The Context	p. 31
Immigration	p. 32
Latina/os as the Engine of U.S. Population Growth	p. 37
The Reactions from Various Sectors of U.S. Society	p. 39
Problems and Controversies Facing Latina/os	p. 41
The Perception of Latina/os as Outsiders	p. 41
Major Issue One: Immigration Reform	p. 42
Mixed-Status and Transnational Families	p. 48
Climate of Fear	p. 50
Major Issue Two: Education	p. 51
The Loss of Human Capital: The Case of Undocumented Students	p. 55
Solutions	p. 55
To Be Defined as a Problem	p. 56
Possible Solutions	p. 57
Conclusion	p. 58
References	p. 59
Worldwide Perspective	p. 65
The Conception of Race in Latin America	p. 66
The Social Construction of Race in Latin America	p. 68
Myth of a Racial Democracy	p. 69
Enumerating Race in Latin America	p. 70
Selected Destination Countries Outside of the United States and Latin America	p. 71
Spain	p. 71
Why Spain?	p. 72
Images of Immigrants	p. 74
Immigration Policy	p. 75
Recent Developments	p. 77
Canada	p. 78
Canada's Guest Worker Program and Latin American Immigration	p. 79
Profile of Latin Americans in Canada	p. 80
The Latin American Experience in Canada	p. 80
Recent Developments	p. 81
Japan	p. 82
Historical Context for the Immigration of Asians to Latin America	p. 82
The Internment Experience of Japanese in Latin America	p. 85
Post-World War II Movement of Japanese to Latin America	p. 87
Changing Demography in Japan and Latin American Immigration to Japan	p. 87
Recent Developments	p. 91
Conclusion	p. 92
References	p. 93
Chronology	p. 99
Biographical Sketches	p. 125
Isabel Allende (August 2, 1942)	p. 125
Rudolfo Anaya (October 30, 1937)	p. 126
Gloria Anzaldúa (September 26, 1942-May 15, 2004)	p. 126
Rubén Blades (July 16,1948)	p. 127
Henry Bonilla (January 2, 1954)	p. 128
César Chávez (March 31, 1927-April 23, 1993)	p. 129
Linda Chavez (June 17, 1947)	p. 129
Henry Cisneros (June 11, 1947)	p. 130
Sandra Cisneros (December 20, 1954)	p. 131
Roberto Clemente (August 18, 1934-December 31, 1972)	p. 132
Willie Colón (April 28, 1950)	p. 133
Gloria Estefan (September 1, 1957)	p. 133
Ernesto Galarza (August 15, 1905-June 22, 1984)	p. 134
Alberto Gonzales (August 4, 1955)	p. 135
José Angel Gutierrez (October 25, 1944)	p. 136
Dolores Huerta (April 10, 1930)	p. 136
Rosario Marin (April 4, 1958)	p. 137
Mel Martinez (October 23, 1946)	p. 138
Rita Moreno (December 11, 1931)	p. 138
Antonia C. Novello (August 23, 1944)	p. 139
Edward James Olmos (February 24, 1947)	p. 140
Miguel Piñero (December 19, 1946-June 18, 1988)	p. 141
Alejandro Portes (October 13, 1944)	p. 142
Bill Richardson (November 15, 1947)	p. 142
Ileana Ros-Lehtinen (July 15, 1952)	p. 143
Julian Samora (March 1, 1920-February 2, 1996)	p. 144
José Serrano (October 24, 1943)	p. 145
Marta Tienda (August 10, 1950)	p. 145
Willie Velásquez (May 9, 1944-June 15, 1988)	p. 146
Raul Yzaguirre (July 22, 1939)	p. 147
Data and Documents	p. 149
Documents	p. 149
The Making of Latina/os in the United States	p. 149
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo and Mexican Americans	p. 149
The Treaty of Paris of 1898 and Cubans and Puerto Ricans	p. 154
The Platt Amendment and the Intervention of the United States in the Affairs of Cuba	p. 155
The Jones Act of 1917 and the Granting of U.S. Citizenship to Puerto Ricans	p. 157
Citizenship and Race	p. 157
Racial Ambiguity of Mexicans and Latina/os in the U.S. Census in the Early 20th Century	p. 160
The Mexican Repatriation Program	p. 165
World War II	p. 168
The Bracero Program: 1942-1964	p. 168
World War II and the Advent of Latino War Heroes	p. 170
The Era of the Seeds for Social Change: Late 1940s to Early 1960s	p. 174
The Felix Longoria Incident	p. 174
Hernandez v. State of Texas	p. 175
Cuban Immigration to the United States	p. 180
The Era of Confrontational Politics and Nationalism: Late 1960s to Late 1970s	p. 183
Immigration and the Changing Latina/o Population: Post-1965	p. 187
Data	p. 190
Census Data	p. 190
Pew Hispanic Center	p. 192
Mexican Migration Project and Latin American Migration Project	p. 193
Conclusion	p. 194
References	p. 194
Directory of Organizations	p. 199
American Association of Hispanics in Higher Education, Inc.	p. 199
American GI Forum of the United States	p. 200
ASPIRA Association, Inc.	p. 201
Association of Hispanic Arts	p. 202
Cesar E. Chavez Foundation	p. 202
Congressional Hispanic Caucus	p. 203
Congressional Hispanic Caucus Institute	p. 203
Congressional Hispanic Conference	p. 204
Cuban American National Council	p. 204
Cuban American National Foundation	p. 205
Dominican American National Roundtable	p. 206
Hispanas Organized for Political Equality	p. 207
Hispanic Association of Colleges and Universities	p. 208
Hispanic Elected Local Officials	p. 208
Hispanic Genealogy Society of New York	p. 209
Hispanic Scholarship Fund	p. 209
Hispanics Inspiring Students' Performance and Achievement	p. 210
Inter-University Program for Latino Research	p. 210
Julian Samora Research Institute	p. 211
La Raza Unida Party	p. 212
Labor Council for Latin American Advancement	p. 213
Latin American Studies Association	p. 213
Latino Justice Puerto Rican Legal Defense and Educational Fund	p. 214
League of United Latin American Citizens	p. 214
MANA, A National Latina Organization	p. 216
Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund	p. 216
National Alliance for Hispanic Health	p. 217
National Association for Chicana and Chicano Studies	p. 217
National Association of Latino Elected and Appointed Officials	p. 218
National Association of Latino Elected and Appointed Officials Educational Fund	p. 219
National Community for Latino Leadership	p. 219
National Council of La Raza	p. 220
National Hispanic Caucus of State Legislators	p. 221
National Puerto Rican Coalition, Inc.	p. 221
Pew Hispanic Center	p. 222
Smithsonian Latino Center	p. 223
United Farm Workers of America	p. 223
University of California, Los Angeles Chicano Studies Research Center	p. 224
Willie C. Velasquez Institute	p. 225
Resources	p. 227
Printed Resources	p. 227
Latina/os	p. 227
History	p. 230
Race and Ethnicity/Identity	p. 234
Demography	p. 239
Gender	p. 241
Education	p. 242
Politics	p. 245
Women Labor	p. 247
Criminal Justice and Law	p. 248
Immigration	p. 248
Transnational Movement	p. 251
Health	p. 252
Family	p. 253
Religion	p. 254
Mass Media/Discourse	p. 254
Journalism	p. 256
Literature and Memoirs	p. 257
Poetry	p. 258
Journals	p. 259
Paper Collection	p. 259
Nonprint Resources	p. 260
Television Special Report	p. 260
Documentaries	p. 260
Magazines Online	p. 261
News Online	p. 262
Radio News Show	p. 262
Museums Online	p. 263
Research Resources Online	p. 263
Oral Histories	p. 265
Other Useful Links	p. 265
Audiovisual Clips	p. 267
Glossary	p. 269
Index	p. 275
About the Authors	p. 285
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