What Is Language And How Do We Study It? | |
What is language? | |
Knowledge of Language | |
Our Language Expertise | |
Acquiring versus Learning a Language | |
Human Language and Animal Communication | |
Can Other Animals Learn Language? | |
Did you know . . .? | |
Rico, the Talking Border Collie | |
Two Case Studies: Washoe and Nim | |
What Is Grammar? | |
The Components of Grammar | |
What Is Grammatical? | |
Prescriptive and Descriptive Grammar | |
When Prescription and Description Overlap | |
Modification: Another Overlap | |
Grammar across Space and Time | |
Linguistics in the News: The Language Blog and Eggcorns | |
Universal Grammar | |
Parameters | |
Sign Language Grammar | |
Sign Language versus Body Language | |
Language Alive! Sign Language Diversity | |
The Scientific Study of Language | |
Noam Chomsky and Generative Grammar | |
Did you know . . . ? | |
Noam Chomsky | |
Influences on Modern Linguistics | |
Rationalism and Empiricism | |
Structural Linguistics | |
Linguistics Today | |
Accent on The Linguistic Society of America | |
Summary | |
Sources and Resources | |
Review, Practice, and Explore | |
The Human Capacity For Language | |
Our Capacity to Acquire Language | |
What Children's "Mistakes" Tell Us | |
Mouses and Foots: Overgeneralizing Rules | |
Language Alive! One Wug and Two . . . Wugs? | |
Evidence for Universal Grammar | |
Children Don't Learn by Analogy | |
Stages of First Language Acquisition | |
Prelinguistic Stage: The Early Months | |
Babbling Stage: 4-8 Months | |
Did You Know . . .? | |
How Do You Study an Infant? | |
The One-Word Stage (9-18 Months) | |
The Two-Word Stage: 18-24 Months | |
Language Alive! Hardwired for Words | |
Early Multiword Stage: 24-30 Months | |
Later Multiword Stage: 30 Months and Older | |
Did You Know . . .? | |
Baby Talk and Parentese | |
Did You Know . . .? | |
What about Baby Einstein? | |
A Critical Period for Language Acquisition? | |
Acquisition and Isolation: Victor and Genie | |
Sign Language Acquisition | |
Second Language Acquisition | |
Is It Learning or Acquisition? | |
Interlanguage Grammar | |
Social Aspects of Second Language Acquisition | |
Second Language Acquisition and Universal Grammar | |
Two Native Languages: Bilingualism | |
Misperceptions about Bilingualism | |
Our Capacity to Create Language | |
Pidgins and Creoles | |
Linguistics in the News: A Gene for Language? | |
Nicaraguan Sign Language | |
Language and the Brain | |
Language Intelligence? | |
Specific Language Impairment | |
Linguistic Savants | |
Williams Syndrome | |
A Language Center in the Brain? | |
Did You Know . . .? | |
Poor Phineas Gage | |
Broca's Aphasia | |
Wernicke's Aphasia | |
More Evidence for Lateralization | |
Dichotic Listening | |
Split-Brain Patients | |
Brain Imaging | |
Accent on Clinical Linguistics | |
Summary. | |
Sources and Resources | |
Review, Practice, and Explore | |
Phonetics: Describing Sounds | |
Sounds and Symbols | |
Phonemes | |
Consonants | |
Did You Know . . .? | |
Visible Speech | |
Voiced and Voiceless Consonants | |
Place of Articulation | |
Bilabial | |
Language Alive! A Disappearing Sound | |
Labiodental | |
Interdental | |
Alveolar | |
Palatal | |
Velar | |
Glottal | |
Linguistics in the News: Ladefoged, Pioneer in Phonetics | |
Manner of Articulation | |
Stops Fricatives | |
Language Alive! Why do we spell words with -ough? | |
Affricates | |
Nasals | |
Did You Know . . .? | |
Mom Is Bob? | |
Glides | |
Liquids | |
Language Alive! Forgotten Clusters | |
Why All These Distinctions? | |
Slips of the Tongue | |
Vowels | |
Language Alive! Do Dawn and Don Rhyme? | |
Diphthongs | |
Syllabic Consonants | |
Other Vowel Distinctions | |
Language Alive! Double Is Not Long Vowel Shifts | |
The Great Vowel Shift | |
The Northern Cities Chain Shift | |
The Southern Vowel Shift | |
Phonemes and Allophones | |
Accent on Product Naming | |
Summary | |
Sources and Resources | |
Review, Practice, and Explore | |
Phonology: The Sound Pattern Of language | |
Phonemes and Allophones | |
Did You Know . . .? | |
Babies Are Better at Language | |
Language Alive! Long-Lost English Allophones | |
Assimilation Rules | |
Vowel Nasalization | |
Alveolar Nasal Assimilation | |
Alveolar Stop Assimilation | |
Palatalization | |
Did You Know . . .? | |
Invented Spelling | |
Voicing Assimilation | |
Dissimilation Rules | |
Dissimilation of Liquid and Nasal Sounds | |
Dissimilation of Fricative Sounds | |
Insertion Rules | |
Insertion of Vowels | |
Insertion of Consonants | |
Insertion of Voiceless Stop | |
Insertion of /y/ | |
Deletion Rules | |
Language Alive! Where the Heck Is /h/? | |
Deletion of /r/ after Vowels | |
Deletion of Fricative Next to Fricative | |
Did You Know . . .? | |
Where Do You Get Tenashoes? | |
Deletion of Like Sounds or Syllables | |
Deletion of Consonant Clusters | |
Deletion of Syllable-Final-Consonant Clusters | |
Fronting Rules | |
Fronting of Velar Nasal to Alveolar Nasal | |
Fronting in Child Language | |
Fronting of /x/ | |
Exchange Rules | |
Exchanging /s/ and a Consonant | |
Language Alive! What's Wrong with Aks? | |
Exchanging /r/ and Vowel | |
Exchanging Syllable Onsets | |
Language Alive! "Going Nucular" | |
Stet | |
Mispronunciation is the topic | |
Multiple Rule Processes | |
Suprasegmentals | |
Syllables | |
Structure of the Syllable | |
Phonotactics | |
Children's Syllables | |
Syllable Structure Variety | |
Slips of the Tongue and Syllables | |
Stress | |
Linguistics in the News: Tone Languages and Perfect Pitch | |
Intonation | |
Did You Know . . .? | |
Abbish vs. Ubby Dubby | |
Accent on Linguistics and Reading | |
Summary | |
Sources and Resources | |
Review, Practice, and Explore | |
Morphology: Words And Their Parts | |
Morphemes and Meaning | |
Morphemes and Syllables | |
Recognizing Morphemes | |
Word Classes | |
Content Words | |
Function Words | |
Did You Know . . .? | |
Pooh on Pronouns | |
Word Classes and Our Mental Lexicon | |
Free and Bound Morphemes | |
Affixes | |
Language Alive! Embiggen His Soul! Roots | |
Language Alive! What about Cranapple? | |
Derivational AffixationLanguage Alive! Word-orama!Affixation and Our Mental Lexicon | |
Drawing Word Trees | |
Word Trees and Ambiguity | |
Inflectional Affixation | |
Linguistics in the News: Arkansas's Apostrophe | |
Inflectional Affixation of English Nouns | |
Number Case | |
Pronouns and Genitive Case | |
Language Alive! The Battle over Whom | |
Gender | |
Inflectional Affixation of English Verbs | |
Infinitives, Present Tense, and Past Tense | |
Present and Past Participles | |
Participles as Markers of Social Class | |
Suppletive Verbs and Adjectives | |
Language Alive! Ain't had it easy! Accent on Field Linguistics | |
Summary | |
Sources and Resources | |
Review, Practice, and Explore | |
Morphology: Typology And WORD FORMATION | |
Morphological Typology | |
Synthetic Languages | |
Did You Know . . . ? | |
Solid Roundish Objects and Mushy Matter | |
Analytic Languages | |
Mixed Typological Systems | |
Morphology of Other Languages | |
Word Formation Processes | |
Slang vs. New Words | |
Linguistics in the News: F*ing Brilliant! FCC Rulings on Profanity | |
Recent New Words | |
Did You Know . . .? | |
The Truth about Truthiness | |
Coining | |
Compounding | |
Eponyms | |
Blends | |
Conversions | |
Language Alive! Blimey! Acronyms | |
Language Alive! Ms | |
Clipping | |
Backformation | |
Reduplication | |
Accent on Lexicographers | |
Summary | |
Sources and Resources | |
Review, Practice, and Explore | |
Syntax: Heads And Phrases | |
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