Lives Across Cultures: Cross-Cultural Human Development

by Gardiner, Harry W.; Kosmitzki, Corinne

• ISBN13: 9780205323227
• ISBN10: 0205323227
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2002-01-01
• Publisher: Allyn & Bacon

Summary

The second edition of this ground-breaking and widely adopted interdisciplinary exploration of cross-cultural human development remains the leader in the field. Presented in a chronological-within-topics approach, covering the entire lifespan, this text focuses on cultural contexts throughout the world while emphasizing links between theory, research and practical applications. Combining the latest research with vignettes, stories, and personal experiences in their highly-praised, scholarly, yet engaging conversational and frequently humorous writing style, Gardiner and Kosmitzki make the study of similarities and differences an exciting experience. The primary goal of this textbook is to bring a cross-cultural dimension to the study of human development across the lifespan. It focuses on major developmental topics and provides a global and multicultural perspective by introducing the reader to contemporary and classical research. Basic principles and research findings are connected to practical, everyday situations in order to enrich one's understanding of and appreciation for development as it occurs in diverse cultures throughout the world.

Table of Contents

Foreword	ix
Walter J. Lonner
Preface	xiii
About the Authors	xix
Introduction	1	(16)
What Is Cross-Cultural Human Development?	3	(2)
Cross-Cultural Human Development and the Other Social Sciences	5	(1)
Some Important Themes	6	(7)
A Cross-Cultural Perspective	6	(1)
Goals for the Fields	7	(4)
An Ecological Systems Approach	11	(1)
The Developmental Niche	11	(1)
A Developmental Orientation	12	(1)
A Chronological-Within-Topics Approach	12	(1)
Practical Applications	13	(1)
Design of the Book and Suggestions for Its Use	14	(1)
Some Cross-Cultural Teasers	14	(2)
Summary	16	(1)
Further Readings	16	(1)
Theories and Methodology	17	(32)
Theories of Development	18	(18)
What Is a Theory?	19	(1)
Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Approach	20	(5)
Super and Harkness's Developmental Niche	25	(4)
Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development	29	(3)
Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory of Development	32	(1)
Erikson's Psychosocial Theory	33	(2)
Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development	35	(1)
Methodology in Cross-Cultural Human Development	36	(11)
Studying Development Cross-Culturally: Some Methods, Problems, and Solutions	37	(6)
Methods for Assessing Components of the Developmental Niche	43	(2)
Studying Ecological Systems	45	(2)
Summary	47	(1)
Further Readings	47	(2)
Culture and Socialization	49	(32)
What Is Socialization?	50	(2)
Ecological Systems and the Developmental Niche	52	(4)
Some Cultural Variations in the Socialization of Behavior	56	(23)
Infancy	57	(6)
Childhood	63	(7)
Adolescence	70	(4)
Adulthood	74	(5)
Summary	79	(1)
Further Readings	80	(1)
Cultural Aspects of Physical Growth and Development	81	(22)
Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Physical Development	82	(20)
The Prenatal Period	83	(2)
Infancy and Early Childhood	85	(8)
Middle Childhood	93	(3)
Adolescence	96	(2)
Early and Middle Adulthood	98	(1)
Later Adulthood	99	(3)
Summary	102	(1)
Further Readings	102	(1)
Culture, Language, and Cognition	103	(22)
The Language-Cognition-Culture Link	104	(3)
Infancy	107	(4)
Early Cognitive Development in Cultural Contexts	107	(1)
Language Acquisition	108	(3)
Childhood	111	(5)
Stages of Knowing and Learning	111	(2)
Language Skills and Language Socialization	113	(3)
Adolescence and Early Adulthood	116	(3)
Formal Operational Thinking	116	(2)
Analytic Thinking and Problem-Solving	118	(1)
Middle and Later Adulthood	119	(4)
Intelligence	119	(3)
Communicating in Later Life	122	(1)
Summary	123	(1)
Further Readings	124	(1)
Culture, Self, and Personality	125	(26)
Infancy and Temperament	126	(5)
Temperament, Ecological Systems, and the Developmental Niche	127	(1)
Temperament and ``Goodness of Fit''	128	(3)
Childhood and the Emergence of the Self-Concept	131	(1)
Cultural Views of the Individual	131	(2)
Individualism and Collectivism in a Balinese Village	131	(1)
Personhood in China, Japan, and the United States	132	(1)
Cultural Views of the Self as a Person	133	(4)
Culture-Specific Aspects of Self	133	(1)
The Self in Buddhism	134	(3)
Content and Context of the Self-Concept	137	(4)
Self-Esteem	139	(2)
Adolescence: Threshold to the Adult World	141	(3)
Identity Formation	141	(3)
Adulthood and Aging: A Time of Stability and Change	144	(5)
Social Clocks	147	(2)
Summary	149	(1)
Further Readings	150	(1)
Culture and Issues of Sex and Gender	151	(28)
Differences Between the Genders	153	(2)
Theoretical Perspectives on Gender Differences	155	(5)
Biological Perspectives	155	(1)
Evolutionary Perspectives	156	(1)
Socialization and Learning Perspectives	157	(3)
Infancy and Childhood	160	(8)
Gender Socialization	160	(3)
Cultural Influences on Female and Male Socialization	163	(3)
Gender Relationships in Childhood	166	(2)
Adolescence	168	(2)
Markers of Sexual Maturation	168	(1)
Sexual Activity and Cultural Taboos	168	(2)
Early and Middle Adulthood	170	(5)
Status and the Division of Labor Within the Family	170	(1)
Division of Labor in the Workforce	171	(2)
Gender Relations in Social Status, Religion, and Public Policy	173	(2)
Later Adulthood and Old Age	175	(2)
Divorce and Widowhood	175	(1)
Gender Roles and Status in Old Age	176	(1)
Summary	177	(1)
Further Readings	178	(1)
Culture and Social Behavior	179	(30)
Infancy	180	(9)
Child-Caretaker Relationships and Attachment Patterns	180	(8)
Consistency and Inconsistency of Attachment over Time	188	(1)
Childhood	189	(9)
Peer Culture and Social Relationships	190	(3)
Moral Development and Prosocial Orientation	193	(1)
Cultural Influences on Caring and Justice Orientation	193	(5)
Adolescence	198	(3)
Social Identity Formation	198	(2)
Cultural Influences on Adolescent and Social Behavior	200	(1)
Adulthood and Aging	201	(6)
Developmental Tasks in Middle and Later Adulthood	201	(2)
Work and Leisure in Middle Adulthood	203	(1)
Sport as a Social Phenomenon	204	(3)
Social Support and Well-Being in Later Adulthood	207	(1)
Summary	207	(1)
Further Readings	208	(1)
The Family in Cultural Context	209	(36)
Cultural Variations in the Family Life Cycle	210	(7)
Mate Selection	210	(2)
Marriage and Other Long-Term Relationships	212	(5)
The Birth Process Across Cultures	217	(4)
The Ecology of Birth	217	(4)
The Transition to Parenthood	221	(1)
Infancy and Childhood	221	(8)
Parental Belief Systems	222	(3)
Mothering	225	(2)
Fathering	227	(2)
Adolescence	229	(3)
The Ecological Systems Approach and Adolescence	230	(1)
Cross-Cultural Differences in Adolescent Peer Relationships	231	(1)
Adulthood and Aging	232	(11)
Grandparenthood	233	(5)
Caring for the Elderly	238	(5)
The Changing Context of Families	243	(1)
Summary	243	(1)
Further Readings	244	(1)
Culture and Health	245	(30)
Cultural Concepts of Health and Healing	246	(7)
Culture-Bound Syndromes	247	(3)
Medical Diagnosis Across Cultures	250	(3)
Infancy and Childhood	253	(3)
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)	254	(1)
Parental Beliefs About Caring for Infants and Children	255	(1)
Adolescence	256	(9)
Eating Disorders	258	(4)
Culture and Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)	262	(1)
Culture and Adolescent Drug Use	263	(2)
Early and Middle Adulthood	265	(5)
Transition to Maturity	265	(1)
Mental Health Issues	266	(4)
Later Adulthood	270	(3)
Disease and Premature Aging	270	(1)
Cultural Views on Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease	271	(2)
Summary	273	(1)
Further Readings	274	(1)
Looking to the Future	275	(16)
Looking Back: A Review of Major Themes and Theories	276	(9)
Ecological Systems Approach	276	(2)
Developmental Niche	278	(1)
Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory	279	(2)
Piaget's Cognitive Developmental Theory	281	(1)
Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development and Gilligan's Critique	282	(2)
Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development	284	(1)
Interpreting Theory In and Out of Cultural Context	285	(2)
Where Do We Go from Here? Some Final Thoughts	287	(2)
Summary	289	(1)
Further Readings	290	(1)
References	291	(54)
Author Index	345	(8)
Subject Index	353