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Handbook Menu
Guide for Using This Handbook
Part 1: Writing and Reading
1. Writing and Reading in Communities
1a. Understanding your writing situation
1b. Moving from reading to writing
1c. Paying attention to the writing process
2. Developing a Thesis
2a. Creating a thesis statement
2b. Designing an appropriate thesis
3. Providing Support and Reasoning Clearly
3a. Reasoning critically
3b. Providing support
3c. Evaluating support
4. Paragraphing for Readers
4a. Focusing paragraphs
4b. Making paragraphs coherent
4c. Developing paragraphs
5. Matching Style and Strategy to a Community of Readers
5a. Recognizing a community’s style
5b. Adjusting to a community’s style
5c. Recognizing a community’s expectations
6. Designing Documents for Readers
6a. Planning your document
6b. Laying out your document
6c. Using type features
6d. Using visuals
6e. Sample documents
7. Constructing an Argument
7a. Identifying an issue
7b. Developing an argumentative thesis
7c. Developing reasons and supporting evidence
7d. Presenting counterarguments
7e. Reasoning logically
8. Writing for General Education Courses
8a. General academic writing assignments
8b. Writing goals and plans
8c. Common types of general academic writing
9. Writing in the Disciplines
9a. Writing in the arts and humanities
9b. Common types of writing in the arts and humanities
9c. Writing in the natural and social sciences
9d. Common types of writing in the natural and social sciences
10. Assessing Writing
10a. Assessing your own writing
10b. Assessing someone else’s writing
10c. Understanding how others assess your writing
10d. Assessing your portfolio
Part 2: Conducting Research
11. Planning and Conducting Research
11a. Recognizing research topics
11b. Identifying keywords
11c. Developing research questions
11d. Developing critical search strategies
11e. Maintaining a working bibliography
11f. Keeping track of sources and notes
11g. Assembling your research materials
12. Finding Library and Database Resources
12a. Finding library resources
12b. Locating books and documents
12c. Locating periodicals and other documents
12d. Finding research databases
12e. Locating databases for articles and documents
13. Finding Web Resources
13a. Finding Web and Internet resources
13b. Searching efficiently
13c. Locating appropriate Web resources
14. Reading and Synthesizing Sources
14a. Summarizing
14b. Paraphrasing
14c. Synthesizing
14d. Questioning
15. Evaluating Sources Critically
15a. Evaluating appropriateness
15b. Evaluating accuracy and reliability
15c. Evaluating search engine results.
15d. Evaluating point of view or bias
15e. Evaluating Web sources critically
15f. Turning inquiry into writing
16. Avoiding Plagiarism and Integrating Sources
16a. Avoiding plagiarism
16b. Deciding what to document
16c. Documenting sources for different audiences
16d. Integrating quotations
16e. Integrating sources into your text
16f. Integrating visual and webbed sources
Part 3: Documenting Sources
17. MLA Style
Guide to MLA Formats
17a. MLA in-text (parenthetical) citations
17b. MLA list of works cited
17c. MLA sample pages
18. APA Style
Guide to APA Formats
18a. APA in-text (parenthetical) citations
18b. APA reference list
18c. APA sample pages
19. CMS Style
Guide to CMS Formats
19a. CMS notes
19b. CMS bibliography
19c. CMS sample pages
20. CSE Style
Guide to CSE Formats
20a. CSE in-text citations
20b. CSE reference list
20c. CSE sample pages
Part 4: Writing Correctly
21. Fragments
21a. Recognizing sentence fragments
21b. Editing sentence fragments
21c. Using partial sentences
22. Comma Splices and Fused Sentences
22a. Recognizing comma splices
22b. Recognizing fused sentences
22c. Editing comma splices and fused sentences
23. Pronoun Reference
23a. Recognizing unclear pronoun reference
23b. Editing pronoun reference
24. Agreement
24a. Recognizing agreement
24b. Editing subject-verb agreement
24c. Editing pronoun-antecedent agreement
25. Correct Forms
25a. Recognizing and editing verb forms
25b. Editing for clear tense sequence
25c. Recognizing pronoun forms
25d. Editing pronoun forms
25e. Recognizing adjectives and adverbs
25f. Editing adjectives and adverbs
25g. Recognizing and editing comparisons
Part 5: Writing Clearly
26. Clear Sentences
26a. Recognizing unclear sentences
26b. Editing for clear sentences
27. Mixed Structures
27a. Recognizing mixed and incomplete sentences
27b. Editing mixed and incomplete sentences
28. Dangling and Misplaced Modifiers
28a. Recognizing misplaced modifiers
28b. Editing misplaced modifiers
29. Unnecessary Shifts
29a. Recognizing shifts in person and number
29b. Editing shifts in person and number
29c. Recognizing shifts in tense
29d. Editing shifts in tense
30. Parallelism
30a. Recognizing faulty parallelism
30b. Editing for parallelism
31. Coordination and Subordination
31a. Recognizing coordination
31b. Recognizing subordination
31c. Editing for coordination and subordination
32. Conciseness
32a. Recognizing wordiness
32b. Editing for conciseness
33. Language Choices
33a. Recognizing and editing language varieties
33b. Recognizing and editing disrespectful language
Part 6: Writing with Conventions
34. Commas
34a. Recognizing commas that join sentences
34b. Editing commas that join sentences
34c. Recognizing commas that set off sentence elements
34d. Editing commas that set off sentence elements
34e. Editing disruptive commas
34f. Editing commas with words in a series
35. Semicolons and Colons
35a. Recognizing semicolons that join sentences
35b. Editing semicolons that join sentences
35c. Editing semicolons in a complex series
35d. Recognizing and editing colons
36. Apostrophes
36a. Recognizing apostrophes that mark possession
36b. Editing apostrophes that mark possession
36c. Recognizing apostrophes that mark contractions
36d. Editing apostrophes that mark contractions
37. Quotation Marks
37a. Recognizing marks that set off quotations
37b. Editing marks that set off quotations
37c. Editing quotation marks with titles
38. Italics and Underlining
38a. Recognizing conventions for italics (underlining)
38b. Editing for conventions for emphasis
39. Capitals
39a. Recognizing capitals that begin sentences
39b. Editing capitals that begin sentences
39c. Editing capitals that begin words
40. Abbreviations
40a. Recognizing and editing abbreviations
40b. Editing to use abbreviations sparingly
41. Numbers
41a. Recognizing when to spell or use numbers
41b. Editing numbers in general text
42. Hyphens
42a. Recognizing hyphens that join words
42b. Editing hyphens that join words
42c. Editing hyphens that divide words
43. Spelling
43a. Using the computer to proofread for spelling
43b. Recognizing and editing spelling errors
44. Other Marks and Conventions
44a. Recognizing and editing parentheses
44b. Recognizing and editing dashes
44c. Recognizing and editing brackets
44d. Recognizing and editing ellipses
44e. Recognizing and editing slashes
44f. Recognizing and editing end marks
44g. Recognizing and editing electronic addresses
44h. Combining marks
Ten Serious Errors
1. Fragment
2. Fused sentence
3. Unclear pronoun reference
4. Lack of subject-verb agreement
5. Dangling modifier
6. Shift
7. Misused or missing apostrophe
8. Unnecessary commas
9. Misused or missing quotation marks
10. Double negative
Glossary of Usage and Terms
Index
Guide to ESL Advice
Detailed Contents
Symbols for Revising and Editing
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