The Many Faces Of Science: An Introduction To Scientists, Values, And Society

by Byerly,Henry

• ISBN13: 9780813365510
• ISBN10: 0813365511
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Nonspecific Binding
• Copyright: 2000-08-24
• Publisher: Routledge

Summary

The development of modern science, and its increasing impact on our lives and cultures, is one of the great stories of our time. So, understanding--and coming to terms with--the institution of modern science should be an integral part of education. InThe Many Faces of Science, Leslie Stevenson and Henry Byerly masterfully, and painlessly, provide the basic information and the philosophical reflection students need to gain such understanding. The authors make good use of case study methods, and they introduce us to dozens of figures from the history of science. Stevenson and Byerly provide an elementary sketch of the development of science through the lives of its practitioners, and they examine the often mixed motives of scientists, as well as the conflicting values people bring to science--and to their perceptions of its impact on society. The authors also explore the relationship between scientific practice and political and economic power.Accessible and rich with anecdotes, personal asides, and keen insight,The Many Faces of Scienceis the ideal interdisciplinary introduction for nonscientists in courses on science studies, science and society, and science and human values. It will also prove useful as supplementary reading in courses on science and philosophy, sociology, and political science. In this second edition of The Many Faces of Science, the authors have updated topics that they explore in the first edition, and they present new case studies on subjects such as HIV and AIDS, women in science, and work done in psychology and the social sciences. The authors also extend their discussion of science and values, in addition to revising their study of science and technology to emphasize changes in scientific practice today.

Author Biography

Leslie Stevenson is reader in logic and metaphysics at the University of St. Andrews in Fife, Scotland. He is the author of Seven Theories of Human Nature, The Metaphysics of Experience, and many articles on language, mind, and science. Henry Byerly is professor of philosophy at the University of Arizona. He is the author of A Primer of Logic and has published many articles on biology as well as on the philosophy of science. Leslie Stevenson is reader in logic and metaphysics at the University of St. Andrews in Fife, Scotland. He is the author of Seven Theories of Human Nature, The Metaphysics of Experience, and many articles on language, mind, and science. Henry Byerly is professor of philosophy at the University of Arizona. He is the author of A Primer of Logic and has published many articles on biology as well as on the philosophy of science.

Table of Contents

Preface	vii
Preface to the Second Edition	xi
Introduction	xiii
How Science as We Know It Has Developed	1	(13)
What Is Science?	1	(4)
The Rise of Modern Science	5	(5)
The Professionalization of Science	10	(2)
The Industrialization of Science	12	(2)
Images of Science	14	(24)
The Baconian Vision: Science as Bountiful	14	(4)
Frankensteinian Nightmares: Science as Demonic	18	(5)
Science as Undercutting Basic Human Values	23	(6)
Utopias and Anti-Utopias: Science and Human Affairs	29	(2)
The Two Cultures: Science as Humanizing?	31	(3)
The Thesis of the Value-Neutrality of Science	34	(4)
What Motivates Scientists?	38	(11)
Who Counts as a Scientist?	38	(2)
The Variety of Motives Driving Scientists	40	(9)
Intellectual Curiosity: Mathematical Patterns in Nature	49	(17)
Intellectual Curiosity: Experiment	66	(18)
Theoretical Insight and Experimental Skill	66	(11)
Enjoyable Tinkering	77	(7)
Scientific Reputation, Scientific Influence, and Public Fame	84	(29)
Scientific Reputation	84	(16)
Professional Power and Influence	100	(8)
Public Fame	108	(5)
The Utility of Science	113	(30)
The Tradition of Medical Science	114	(20)
Practical Technology and Science	134	(9)
Science and Money	143	(22)
The Funding of Scientific Research	143	(9)
Profiting from Science	152	(13)
Scientists and the Totalitarian State	165	(19)
Scientists in Nazi Germany	165	(8)
Scientists and Communism in the USSR	173	(8)
Scientists in Contemporary Totalitarian Regimes	181	(3)
Scientists and Public Policy	184	(35)
Scientists and Nuclear Weapons	185	(14)
Genetic Engineering and the Lobbying Scientist	199	(12)
Ecology and Crusading Scientists	211	(8)
Science Applied to Human Beings	219	(23)
Emergence of the Behavioral Sciences	219	(2)
Freud: Would-Be Scientist of the Emotions	221	(12)
Would-Be Technologist of Behavior	233	(9)
Science and Values	242	(25)
The Fruits of Science---Optimism and Pessimism	242	(4)
Does Science Undercut Human Values?	246	(5)
Is Science Value-Neutral?	251	(3)
Numerate and Ecolate Thinking	254	(4)
Is Science Objective?	258	(3)
Values Guiding Science	261	(6)
References	267	(12)
Index	279