Marine Pollution

by Clark, Robert; Frid, Chris; Attrill, Martin

• ISBN13: 9780198500704
• ISBN10: 019850070X
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1997-06-26
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

1. What is pollution?


2. Measuring change


3. Oxygen-demanding wastes


4. Oil pollution


5. Metals


6. Halogenated hydrocarbons


7. Radioactivity


8. Dredgings, solids, plas

Table of Contents

1 What is pollution?	1	(10)
Some questions	1	(1)
Categories of additions	1	(2)
Nature of inputs	3	(1)
Sources of inputs	3	(2)
Defining pollution	5	(1)
Priorities	6	(1)
Cost of pollution abatement	7	(1)
Approaches to pollution control	8	(3)
2 Measuring change	11	(12)
Impact on the individual	11	(7)
Population change	18	(1)
Community response	18	(5)
3 Oxygen-demanding wastes	23	(15)
Oxygen demand	23	(1)
The dilution factor	24	(1)
Oxygen budget	24	(1)
Estuaries	25	(1)
Sewage treatment	26	(2)
Consequences of organic discharges to estuaries	28	(1)
Consequences of sludge dumping at sea	29	(2)
Enrichment and eutrophication	31	(4)
Public health risks	35	(3)
4 Oil pollution	38	(23)
Inputs	38	(6)
What is Oil?	44	(1)
Fate of spilled oil	45	(1)
Treatment of oil at sea	46	(1)
Beach cleaning	47	(3)
Toxicity of petroleum hydrocarbons	50	(1)
Environmental impact of oil pollution	50	(5)
Impact of offshore operations	55	(2)
Public health risk from oil pollution	57	(1)
Commercial damage from oil pollution	57	(4)
5 Metals	61	(19)
Conservative pollutants	61	(1)
Input routes	61	(2)
Uptake of metals	63	(1)
Mercury	64	(4)
Cadmium	68	(2)
Copper	70	(2)
Lead	72	(2)
Tin	74	(1)
Iron	75	(1)
Some other metals	76	(4)
6 Halogenated hydrocarbons	80	(17)
Low molecular weight compounds	80	(1)
Pesticides and PCBs	80	(3)
Inputs to the marine environment	83	(2)
Fate in the sea	85	(1)
Biological effects of halogenated hydrocarbons	86	(5)
Environmental impact of halogenated hydrocarbons	91	(4)
Threat to human health	95	(2)
7 Radioactivity	97	(16)
Nature of radioactivity	97	(1)
Units	98	(1)
Inputs of radioactivity to the sea	99	(6)
Environmental impact of radioactivity	105	(3)
Hazard to human health	108	(5)
8 Dredgings, solids, plastics, and heat	113	(14)
Dredgings	113	(4)
Industrial wastes	117	(2)
Artificial reefs	119	(1)
Litter and plastics	120	(2)
Munitions	122	(2)
Heat	124	(3)
9 The state of some seas	127	(25)
The North Sea	127	(4)
The Baltic Sea	131	(5)
The Mediterranean Sea	136	(6)
The Caribbean	142	(4)
The Caspian Sea	146	(6)
Further reading	152	(5)
Index	157