Materials in Dentistry Principles and Applications

by Ferracane, Jack L.

• ISBN13: 9780781727334
• ISBN10: 0781727332
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2001-07-06
• Publisher: LWW

Summary

The Second Edition of this textbook for dental assisting, dental hygiene, and first-year dental students retains its well-organized, easy-to-follow format, with enhanced content, tables, illustrations, and display boxes. Expanded chapters cover preventative materials, abrasion and polishing, dental implants and composites. Coverage of new materials includes ceramics, dental cements, and new gold alloys for PFM restorations. Additional problem solving and clinically relevant examples are provided, plus a concise description of the ADA materials acceptance and specification program. Other features include a glossary of terms, chapter outlines, manufacturer websites, and review and checkpoint questions denoting clinical situations.

Table of Contents

Preface	v
Acknowledgments	vii
Introduction	1	(8)
Objectives	1	(1)
Goals	2	(1)
History of Dental Materials	3	(1)
The Oral Environment	4	(1)
Characteristics of the Ideal Dental Material	5	(1)
Quality Assurance Programs	6	(3)
Characteristics of Materials	9	(32)
Objectives	9	(1)
Classes of Materials --- Examples in Dentistry	10	(8)
Metals	10	(4)
Ceramics	14	(1)
Polymers	15	(3)
Structure of Materials	18	(1)
Bonding	18	(1)
Atomic Arrangements	18	(1)
Physical Characteristics	19	(11)
Thermal and Electrical Properties	19	(2)
Solubility and Sorption	21	(2)
Adhesion	23	(2)
Color and Esthetics	25	(2)
Corrosion	27	(3)
Mechanical Characteristics	30	(5)
Types of Forces	31	(1)
Stress and Strain	31	(1)
Stress-Strain Diagram	32	(2)
Other Properties	34	(1)
Biologic Characteristics	35	(1)
Summary	36	(1)
Study Questions and Problem Solving	37	(4)
Preventive Materials	41	(18)
Objectives	41	(1)
Pit and Fissure Sealants	42	(8)
History and Rationale	42	(3)
Materials	45	(2)
Handling and Placement of Resin-Based Sealants	47	(3)
Preventive Resin Restorations	50	(1)
Fluoride-Releasing Agents	51	(3)
Gels and Varnishes	51	(2)
Glass Ionomers	53	(1)
Resins	54	(1)
Mouthguards	54	(2)
Summary	56	(1)
Study Questions and Problem Solving	56	(3)
Intermediary Materials and Cements	59	(26)
Objectives	59	(1)
Definition of Terms	60	(1)
Varnishes	60	(3)
Uses of Varnishes	60	(1)
Types of Varnishes	61	(1)
Handling and Placement of Varnishes	62	(1)
Characteristics of Varnishes	62	(1)
Liners	63	(7)
Uses of Liners	63	(1)
Types of Liners	63	(3)
Handling and Placement of Liners	66	(1)
Characteristics of Liners	67	(3)
Bases	70	(3)
Uses of Bases	70	(1)
Types of Bases	70	(1)
Handling and Placement of Bases	71	(1)
Characteristics of Bases	71	(2)
Cements	73	(8)
Uses of Cements	73	(1)
Types of Cements	74	(2)
Handling and Placement of Cements	76	(3)
Characteristics of Cements	79	(2)
Summary	81	(1)
Study Questions and Problem Solving	82	(3)
Direct Esthetic Anterior Restoratives	85	(34)
Objectives	85	(1)
Historical Perspective	86	(1)
Uses of Composites, Glass Ionomeres, and Compomers	87	(1)
Dental Composites	88	(13)
Types and Packaging	88	(1)
Composition	89	(5)
Handling and Mixing	94	(2)
Setting Reaction	96	(2)
Finishing	98	(1)
Characteristics and Properties	98	(2)
Clinical Performance	100	(1)
Glass Ionomers	101	(8)
Types and Packaging	101	(1)
Composition	102	(1)
Mixing	103	(2)
Handling	105	(1)
Setting Reaction	106	(2)
Characteristics and Properties	108	(1)
Clinical Performance	108	(1)
Compomers	109	(1)
Enamel and Dentin Adhesives	110	(5)
Enamel Adhesives	110	(1)
Dentin Adhesives	110	(5)
Summary	115	(1)
Study Questions and Problem Solving	116	(3)
Direct Posterior Restoratives	119	(28)
Objectives	119	(1)
Amalgam	120	(15)
Uses	121	(1)
Types and Composition	121	(2)
Mixing and Handling	123	(4)
Setting Reaction	127	(3)
Characteristics and Properties	130	(4)
Clinical Success	134	(1)
Composites	135	(5)
Uses	135	(1)
Types and Composition	136	(1)
Mixing and Handling	136	(2)
Setting Reaction	138	(1)
Characteristics and Properties	138	(1)
Clinical Success	139	(1)
Direct Filling Gold	140	(2)
Summary	142	(1)
Study Questions and Problem Solving	143	(4)
Materials for Inlays, Onlays, Crowns, and Bridges	147	(26)
Objectives	147	(1)
Types of Materials	148	(1)
Metals: Some Basic Concepts	148	(6)
Producing the Metallic Structure	149	(1)
Deformation of Metals	150	(2)
Alloying	152	(2)
Metals: Composition, Properties, and Preparation	154	(4)
Noble Metal Alloys	154	(3)
Base Metal Alloys	157	(1)
Ceramics: Some Basic Concepts	158	(1)
Ceramics: Composition, Properties, and Preparation	159	(6)
Dental Porcelains	159	(3)
Other Dental Ceramics	162	(3)
Repair of Porcelain and Ceramic Restorations	165	(1)
Composites: Composition, Properties, and Preparation	165	(5)
Reinforced Composites	168	(2)
Summary	170	(1)
Study Questions and Problem Solving	170	(3)
Impression Materials	173	(30)
Objectives	173	(1)
Uses of Impression Materials in Dentistry	174	(3)
Composition of Impression Materials	177	(6)
Inelastic Materials	177	(1)
Elastic Materials: The Hydrocolloids	178	(1)
Elastic Materials: The Elastomers	179	(4)
Mixing and Handling of Impression Materials	183	(11)
Inelastic Materials	183	(1)
Elastic Materials: The Hydrocolloids	184	(6)
Elastic Materials: The Elastomers	190	(4)
Characteristics of Impression Materials	194	(4)
Flexibility	194	(1)
Accuracy	195	(1)
Tear Strength	196	(1)
Stability	196	(1)
Dimensional Change	196	(1)
Surface Wetting	197	(1)
Working and Setting Time	197	(1)
Disinfection of Impression Materials	198	(1)
Summary	198	(1)
Study Questions and Problem Solving	199	(4)
Dental Plaster and Stone	203	(20)
Objectives	203	(1)
Uses of Gypsum Products in Dentistry	204	(1)
Composition of Plaster, Stone, and Gypsum	204	(1)
Handling and Mixing	205	(4)
Dispensing	207	(1)
Mixing	207	(2)
Cleanup	209	(1)
Setting Time	209	(2)
Water-to-Powder Ratio	209	(1)
Gypsum Contaminants	210	(1)
Additives	210	(1)
Mixing Time	211	(1)
Temperature	211	(1)
Setting Expansion	211	(1)
Water-to-Powder Ratio	212	(1)
Properties: Strength and Hardness	212	(1)
Types of Plasters and Stones	213	(2)
Impression Plaster	214	(1)
Laboratory or Model Plaster	214	(1)
Laboratory Stone	214	(1)
Die Stone	214	(1)
High-Strength, High-Expansion Die Stone	214	(1)
Pouring and Trimming a Gypsum Cast	215	(4)
Disinfection of Stone Casts or Dies	219	(1)
Summary	219	(1)
Study Questions and Problem Solving	220	(3)
Provisional Restoratives	223	(14)
Objectives	223	(1)
Uses of Provisional Restoratives in Dentistry	224	(1)
Types of Provisional Restoratives	224	(6)
Zinc Oxide Eugenol	224	(3)
Acrylic	227	(1)
Composites	227	(1)
Aluminum Crowns, Denture Resins, and Others	228	(2)
Mixing and Placing an Acrylic Provisional Restorative	230	(3)
Single-Tooth Provisional Restoration	230	(1)
Provisional Bridge	231	(2)
Summary	233	(1)
Study Questions and Problem Solving	234	(3)
Materials for Cast Restorations	237	(18)
Objectives	237	(1)
Casting: The Basic Concept	238	(1)
Waxes	238	(3)
Uses in Dentistry	238	(1)
Types and Characteristics	238	(3)
Die Materials	241	(1)
Uses in Dentistry	241	(1)
Types and Characteristics	241	(1)
Investment Materials	242	(2)
Uses in Dentistry	242	(1)
Types and Characteristics	242	(2)
The Lost Wax Casting Process	244	(8)
Summary	252	(1)
Study Questions and Problem Solving	253	(2)
Polymers for Prosthetics	255	(26)
Objectives	255	(1)
Polymeric Materials: The Basics	256	(6)
Definitions and Uses in Dentistry	256	(1)
Chemistry of Polymerization	257	(1)
Polymer Size and Its Effects	258	(1)
Polymer Structure and Its Effects	259	(1)
Properties of Polymers	260	(2)
Prosthetic Resins	262	(9)
Denture Base Materials	262	(7)
Denture Liners and Conditioners	269	(1)
Other Resin Systems	270	(1)
Production of a Heat-Processed Denture	271	(3)
Construction of an Acrylic Custom Tray	274	(4)
Summary	278	(1)
Study Questions and Problem Solving	278	(3)
Metal Alloys for Orthodontics, Prosthodontics, and Pediatric Dentistry	281	(12)
Objectives	281	(1)
Uses of Metal Alloys in Dentistry	282	(1)
Types of Alloys	282	(4)
Stainless Steels	282	(2)
Cobalt-Chromium Alloys	284	(1)
Pure Titanium and Titanium Alloys	285	(1)
Nickel-Chromium Alloys	286	(1)
Properties of Alloys	286	(4)
Alloys for Orthodontic Wires	287	(1)
Alloys for Prosthodontics	288	(2)
Biocompatibility	290	(1)
Summary	291	(1)
Study Questions and Problem Solving	291	(2)
Abrasion and Polishing	293	(18)
Objectives	293	(1)
Definitions and Theory of Finishing	294	(1)
Factors Affecting Finishing	295	(3)
Hardness	295	(1)
Shape	296	(1)
Size	296	(1)
Pressure	297	(1)
Speed	297	(1)
Lubrication	297	(1)
Instruments Used in Cutting and Abrading	298	(6)
Composition of Abrasives	299	(3)
Prophylaxis Pastes, Dentifrices, and Denture Cleansers	302	(2)
Finishing Procedures	304	(4)
Composites	304	(1)
Amalgam	305	(1)
Alloys	306	(1)
Ceramics and Porcelains	307	(1)
Acrylics	308	(1)
Summary	308	(1)
Study Questions and Problem Solving	308	(3)
Dental Implants	311	(11)
Objectives	311	(1)
Uses of Implants in Dentistry	312	(1)
Types of Dental Implants	312	(3)
Composition of Implant Materials	315	(3)
Metals	315	(1)
Ceramics	316	(1)
Coated Metals	317	(1)
Clinical Factors Concerning Implants	318	(1)
Criteria for Patient Selection	318	(1)
Criteria for Clinical Success	318	(1)
Summary	319	(1)
Study Questions and Problem Solving	320	(2)
Glossary	322	(11)
Dental Materials Products	333	(4)
Dental Product Manufacturers	337	(4)
Answers to the Study Questions	341	(2)
Index	343