McGraw-Hill Reader : Issues Across the Disciplines

by MULLER

• ISBN13: 9780072292947
• ISBN10: 0072292946
• Edition: 7th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1999-08-01
• Publisher: MCGRAW HILL PUBL CO

Summary

Addressing the continuing interest in core liberal arts issues, interdisciplinary themes, multicultural perspectives, and critical thinking, THE MCGRAW-HILL READER provides students with a full range of quality prose works spanning various ages, cultures, and subjects. The finely-tuned editorial apparatus encourages students to respond actively to the essays, to formulate their own critical judgments, and to develop in writing their reactions to and perspectives on the thematic concerns of the selections. The Seventh Edition features thirty-eight new essays that address current issues such as the quality of education, the role of technology, and the impact of media. The text concludes with a new appendix on writing a research paper.

Table of Contents

Contents of Essays	xv
Rhetorical Mode
Preface	xxv
Critical Thinking, Reading, and Writing	1	(38)
Preparing to Read	3	(1)
Critical Reading	4	(5)
Annotating	5	(1)
Note Taking	5	(1)
Questioning the Text	5	(4)
Beyond Content: Focusing on Structure	9	(1)
Paraphrasing, Summarizing, Quoting	10	(4)
Paraphrasing	10	(1)
Summarizing	11	(2)
Quoting	13	(1)
The Writing Process	14	(25)
Prewriting	14	(3)
Drafting	17	(18)
Revising	35	(4)
School and College How, What, and Why Do We Learn?	39	(58)
Education
E. B. White
``The shift from city school to country school was something we worried about quietly all last summer.''	41	(2)
Graduation
Maya Angelou
``The white kids were going to have a chance to become Galileos and Madame Curies and Edisons and Gauguins, and our boys (the girls weren't even in on it) would try to be Jesse Owenses and Joe Louises.''	43	(10)
Sex Ed
Quindlen Anna
``I think human sexuality is a subject for dispassionate study, like civics and ethics and dozens of other topics that have a moral component.''	53	(2)
When Bright Girls Decide That Math Is ``a Waste of Time''
Susan Jacoby
``It is not mysterious that some very bright high-school girls suddenly decide that math is `too hard' and `a waste of time.' ''	55	(4)
How to Mark a Book
Mortimer Adler
``I contend, quite bluntly, that marking up a book is not an act of mutilation but of love.''	59	(5)
Why America's Universities Are Better Than Its Schools
E. D. Hirsch Jr.
``There is wide agreement in the international community that the United States has created the best public universities and the worst public schools in the developed world.''	64	(3)
The Good News Is: These Are Not the Best Years of Your Life
Gloria Steinem
``As students, women are probably treated with more equality than we ever will be again.''	67	(7)
America Skips School
Benjamin R. Barber
``If Americans over a broad political spectrum regard education as vital, why has nothing been done?''	74	(11)
Classic and Contemporary: What Is the Value of Education?	85	(1)
Learning to Read and Write
Frederick Douglass
``The more I read, the more I was led to abhor and detest my enslavers.''	85	(5)
The Lonely, Good Company of Books
Richard Rodriguez
``Didn't I realize that reading would open up whole new worlds?''	90	(6)
Connections	96	(1)
Family Roles and Gender Roles What Makes Us Who We Are?	97	(78)
An American Childhood
Annie Dillard
``Mother's energy and intelligence suited her for a greater role in a larger arena---mayor of New York, say---than the one she had.''	100	(6)
Parenting as an Industry
Amitai Etzioni
``Nobody likes to admit it, but between 1960 and 1990 American society allowed children to be devalued....''	106	(6)
Immigrants and Family Values
Francis Fukuyama
``The notion that non-European immigrants are a threat to family values and other core American cultural characteristics is, in a way, quite puzzling.''	112	(13)
Crazy Salad
Nora Ephron
``I suppose that for most girls breasts, brassieres, that entire thing, has more trauma, more to do with the coming of adolesence, of becoming a woman, than anything else.''	125	(7)
The Female Body
Margaret Atwood
``The Female Body is made of transparent plastic and lights up when you plug it in.''	132	(3)
Being a Man
Paul Theroux
``I have always disliked being a man.''	135	(4)
America's Emerging Gay Culture
Randall E. Majors
``Through the celebration of its unique life style, gay culture promises to make a great contribution to the history of sexuality and to the rights of the individual.''	139	(10)
Sex, Lies and Conversation: Why Is It So Hard for Men and Women to Talk to Each Other?
Deborah Tannen
``...although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations, they often talk less at home. And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.''	149	(7)
Classic and Contemporary: How Much Do Families Matter?	156	(1)
Are Families Passe?
Ruth Benedict
``In spite of all our American sentiment about the home and the family, we do not show great concern about buttressing it against catastrophe.''	156	(9)
Stone Soup
Barbara Kingsolver
``Arguing about whether nontraditional families deserve pity or tolerance is a little like the medieval debate about left-handedness as a mark of the devil.''	165	(8)
Connections	173	(2)
History and Culture Where Did We Come From and Where Are We Going?	175	(50)
The Myth of the Latin Woman: I Just Met a Girl Named Maria
Judith Ortiz Cofer
``Growing up in a large urban center in New Jersey during the 1960s, I suffered from what I think of as `cultural schizophrenia.' ''	177	(5)
The Way to Rainy Mountain
N. Scott Momaday
``My grandmother had a reverence for the sun, a holy regard that now is all but gone out of mankind.''	182	(5)
Salvation
Langston Hughes
``I was saved from sin when I was going on thirteen. But not really saved.''	187	(3)
The Woman Warrior
Maxine Hong Kingston
``The swordswoman and I are not so dissimilar.''	190	(6)
Children of a Marriage
Richard Rodriguez
``Hispanic-American culture is where the past meets the future.''	196	(4)
The Arab World
Edward T. Hall
``In spite of over two thousand years of contact, Westerners and Arabs still do not understand each other.''	200	(8)
Canadians: What Do They Want?
Margaret Atwood
``It's hard to explain to Americans what it feels like to be a Canadian.''	208	(4)
Some Reflections on American Manners
Alexis de Tocqueville
``In democracies manners are never so refined as among aristocracies, but they are also never so coarse.''	212	(4)
Classic and Contemporary: Are We Heading Toward a World Culture?	216	(1)
National Prejudices
Oliver Goldsmith
``We are now become so much Englishmen, Frenchmen, Dutchmen, Spaniards, or Germans, that we are no longer citizens of the world....''	216	(4)
The Cult of Ethnicity
Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.
``The growing diversity of the American population makes the quest for unifying ideals and a common culture all the more urgent.''	220	(4)
Connections	224	(1)
Government, Politics, and Social Justice How Do We Decide What Is Fair?	225	(54)
Straight Line to Calamity
George Will
``America is undergoing a demographic transformation the cost of which will be crushing.''	227	(3)
The Circle of Governments
Niccolo Machiavelli
``I say, then, that all kinds of government are defective....''	230	(3)
Grant and Lee: A Study in Contrasts
Bruce Catton
``They were two strong men, these oddly different generals, and they represented the strengths of two conflicting currents that, through them, had come into final collision.''	233	(4)
The Penalty of Death
H. L. Mencken
``Every law-abiding citizen feels menaced and frustrated until the criminals have been struck down....''	237	(3)
The Myths of Racial Division
Andrew Hacker
``If anything, there is evidence that race is becoming a less salient factor for growing groups of Americans.''	240	(9)
The World House
Martin Luther King Jr.
``We have inherited a large house, a `world house,' in which we have to live together....''	249	(5)
The Divine Revolution
Vaclav Havel
``In recent years the great religions have been playing an increasingly important role in global politics.''	254	(3)
Stranger in the Village
James Baldwin
``The time has come to realize that the interracial drama acted out on the American continent has not only created a new black man, it has created a new white man, too.''	257	(11)
Classic and Contemporary: What Is the American Dream?	268	(1)
The Declaration of Independence: In Congress, July 4, 1776
Thomas Jefferson
``We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.''	268	(4)
I Have a Dream
Martin Luther King Jr.
``I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed---we hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.''	272	(6)
Connections	278	(1)
Work, Business, and Economics How Do We Earn Our Keep?	279	(56)
Men at Work
Anna Quindlen
``The five o-clock dad has become an endangered species.''	281	(3)
Ambition
Perri Klass
``Ambition has gotten bad press.''	284	(4)
What Is the Point of Working?
Lance Morrow
``Work is the most thorough and profound organizing principle in American life.''	288	(5)
Being a Secretary Can Be Hazardous to Your Health
Ellen Goodman
`` `Stress and the Secretary' has become the hottest new syndrome on the heart circuit.''	293	(3)
My Wood
E. M. Forster
``If you own things, what's their effect on you?''	296	(3)
Los Pobres
Richard Rodriguez
``It was at Stanford, one day near the end of my senior year, that a friend told me about a summer construction job he knew was available.''	299	(5)
Why the Rich Are Getting Richer and the Poor, Poorer
Robert Reich
``All Americans used to be in roughly the same economic boat....We are now in different boats, one sinking rapidly, one sinking more slowly, and the third rising steadily.''	304	(13)
A Modest Proposal
Jonathan Swift
``I have been assured...that a young healthy child well nursed is at a year old a most delicious, nourishing, and wholesome food....''	317	(8)
Classic and Contemporary: Does Equal Opportunity Exist?	325	(1)
Professions for Women
Virginia Woolf
``Even when the path is nominally open---when there is nothing to prevent a woman from being a doctor, a lawyer, a civil servant---there are many phantoms and obstacles, as I believe, looming in her way.''	325	(5)
Delusions of Grandeur
Henry Louis Gates Jr.
``In reality, an African-American youngster has about as much chance of becoming a professional athlete as he or she does of winning the lottery.''	330	(4)
Connections	334	(1)
Philosophy, Ethics, and Religion What Do We Believe?	335	(62)
I Listen to My Parents and I Wonder What They Believe
Robert Coles
``In home after home that I have visited, and in many classrooms, I have met children who not only are growing emotionally and intellectually but also are trying to make sense of the world morally.''	337	(5)
What Really Ails America
William J. Bennett
``...in my view our real crisis is spiritual, a corruption of the heart.''	342	(5)
The Autobiography of a Confluence
Paula Gunn Allen
``In my mind, as in my dreams, every road I have traveled, every street I have lived on, has been connected in some primal way to The Road, as we called it, like Plato in our innocence.''	347	(10)
The Allegory of the Cave
Plato
``...in the world of knowledge the idea of good appears last of all, and is seen only with an effort....''	357	(4)
No Man Is an Island
John Donne
``No man is an island, entire of itself; every man is a piece of the continent, a part of the main.''	361	(3)
The Mystery of Zen
Gilbert Highet
``The doctrine of Zen cannot be analyzed from without: it must be lived.''	364	(9)
The Culture of Disbelief
Stephen L. Carter
``In contemporary American culture, the religions are more and more treated as just passing beliefs...rather than as the fundaments upon which the devout build their lives.''	373	(10)
The Rival Conceptions of God
C. S. Lewis
``The first big division of humanity is into the majority, who believe in some kind of God or gods, and the minority who do not.''	383	(4)
Classic and Contemporary: What Is the Value of Life?	387	(1)
The Death of the Moth
Virginia Woolf
``As I looked at the dead moth, this minute wayside triumph of so great a force over so mean an antagonist filled me with wonder.''	387	(3)
Death of a Moth
Annie Dillard
``The moth's head was fire. She burned for two hours, until I blew her out.''	390	(5)
Connections	395	(2)
Media and the Arts How Do We Express Ourselves?	397	(60)
On Keeping a Notebook
Joan Didion
``The impulse to write things down is a peculiarly compulsive one....''	399	(6)
The Writing Life
Annie Dillard
``The line of words is a miner's pick, a woodcarver's gouge, a surgeon's probe.''	405	(2)
Loose Ends
Rita Dove
``Yes, the influence of public media on our perceptions is enormous, but the relationship of projected reality---i.e., TV---to imagined reality---i.e., an existential moment---is much more complex.''	407	(2)
Television Addiction
Marie Winn
``Not unlike drugs or alcohol, the television experience allows the participant to blot out the real world and enter into a pleasurable and passive mental state.''	409	(3)
2 Live Crew, Decoded
Henry Louis Gates Jr.
``For centuries, African-Americans have been forced to develop coded ways of communicating to protect them from danger.''	412	(3)
Red, White, and Beer
Dave Barry
``Lately I've been feeling very patriotic, especially during commercials.''	415	(1)
In Our Image
Wright Morris
``With the camera's inception an imitation of life never before achieved was possible.''	415	(13)
Saving the Life That Is Your Own: The Importance of Models in the Artist's Life
Alice Walker
``It is, in the end, the saving of lives that we writers are about.''	428	(9)
Classic and Contemporary: Who Controls the Power of Language?	437	(1)
Politics and the English Language
George Orwell
``In our time, political speech and writing are largely the defence of the indefensible.''	437	(11)
Who's in Charge of the English Language?
Casey Miller
Kate Swift
``In order to encourage the use of language that is free of gender bias, it's obviously necessary to get authors to recognize gender bias in their writing.''	448	(7)
Connections	455	(2)
Science and Technology What Can Science Teach Us?	457	(54)
Natural Selection
Charles Darwin
``Natural selection can act only by the preservation and accumulation of infinitesimally small inherited modifications....''	459	(4)
The Study of Mathematics
Bertrand Russell
``Mathematics, rightly viewed, possesses not only truth, but supreme beauty....''	463	(3)
Cholesterol
Isaac Asimov
``Cholesterol is a dirty word these days, and every report that comes out seems to make it worse.''	466	(2)
Can We Know the Universe? Reflections on a Grain of Salt
Carl Sagan
``For myself, I like a universe that includes much that is unknown and, at the same time, much that is knowable.''	468	(6)
Macho
Perri Klass
``Life in the hospital is full of opportunities to prove yourself, if you want to look at it that way.''	474	(3)
On Being the Right Size
J. B. S. Haldane
``For every type of animal there is a most convenient size, and a large change in size inevitably carries with it a change of form.''	477	(5)
The Terrifying Normalcy of AIDS
Stephen Jay Gould
``AIDS is both a natural phenomenon and, potentially, the greatest natural tragedy in human history.''	482	(4)
The Clan of One-breasted Women
Terry Tempest Williams
``I belong to a Clan of One-breasted Women. My mother, my grandmothers, and six aunts have all had mastectomies.''	486	(8)
Classic and Contemporary: What Is Technological Progress?	494	(1)
The Monastery and the Clock
Lewis Mumford
``The clock, not the steam-engine, is the key machine of the modern industrial age.''	494	(5)
The Age of Simulation
Jeremy Rifkin
``With each new technological marvel, reality becomes more ephemeral and further removed from anything that might be thought of as natural.''	499	(11)
Connections	510	(1)
Nature and the Environment How Do We Relate to the Natural World?	511	(58)
The Obligation to Endure
Rachel Carson
``The most alarming of all man's assaults upon the environment is the contamination of air, earth, rivers, and sea with dangerous and even lethal materials.''	513	(6)
Wyoming: The Solace of Open Spaces
Gretel Ehrlich
``Space has a spiritual equivalent, and can heal what is divided and burdensome in us.''	519	(6)
Two Views of the Mississippi
Mark Twain
``The face of the water, in time, became a wonderful book.''	525	(3)
High Tide in Tucson
Barbara Kingsolver
``It's starting to look as if the most shameful tradition of Western civilization is our need to deny we are animals.''	528	(10)
The Spider and the Wasp
Alexander Petrunkevitch
``In the feeding and safeguarding of their progeny insects and spiders exhibit some interesting analogies to reasoning and some crass examples of blind instinct.''	538	(5)
Against Nature
Joyce Carol Oates
``Who has looked upon her/its face and survived?''	543	(7)
Americans and the Land
John Steinbeck
``We are no longer content to destroy our beloved country. We are slow to learn; but we learn.''	550	(5)
Letter to President Pierce, 1855
Chief Seattle
``All things are connected. Whatever befalls the earth befalls the sons of the earth.''	555	(3)
Classic and Contemporary: Can We Own Nature?	558	(1)
Economy
Henry David Thoreau
``Near the end of March, 1845, I borrowed an axe and went down to the woods by Walden Pond, nearest to where I intended to build my house....''	558	(4)
Building Fence
Maxine Kumin
``Making fences presupposes not only pastures but a storehouse of diligence.''	562	(5)
Connections	567	(2)
A Guide to Research and Documentation	569	(54)
Research Writing: Preconceptions and Practice	570	(1)
The Research Process	571	(1)
Phases in the Research Process	572	(1)
Defining Your Objective	573	(1)
Locating Your Sources	574	(9)
Gathering and Organizing Data	583	(5)
Writing and Submitting the Paper	588	(3)
Documenting Sources	591	(16)
Sample Student Paper	607	(16)
Glossary Of Terms	623	(12)
Acknowledgments	635	(6)
Index	641