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Purchase Benefits
What is included with this book?
Preface | p. ix |
Introduction | p. 1 |
Why this textbook on measurement in medicine? | p. 1 |
Clinimetrics versus psychometrics | p. 2 |
Terminology and definitions | p. 2 |
Scope of measurements in medicine | p. 3 |
For whom is this book written? | p. 4 |
Structure of the book | p. 5 |
Examples, data sets, software and assignments | p. 6 |
Concepts, theories and models, and types of measurements | p. 7 |
Introduction | p. 7 |
Conceptual models | p. 7 |
Characteristics of measurements | p. 10 |
Conceptual framework: reflective and formative models | p. 13 |
Measurement theories | p. 17 |
Summary | p. 26 |
Development of a measurement instrument | p. 30 |
Introduction | p. 30 |
Definition and elaboration of the construct to be measured | p. 33 |
Choice of measurement method | p. 35 |
Selecting items | p. 37 |
Scores for items | p. 46 |
Scores for scales and indexes | p. 49 |
Pilot-testing | p. 57 |
Summary | p. 60 |
Field-testing: item reduction and data structure | p. 65 |
Introduction | p. 65 |
Examining the item scores | p. 66 |
Importance of the items | p. 70 |
Examining the dimensionality of the data: factor analysis | p. 71 |
Internal consistency | p. 80 |
Examining the items in a scale with item response theory | p. 84 |
Field-testing as part of a clinical study | p. 91 |
Summary | p. 92 |
Reliability | p. 96 |
Introduction | p. 96 |
Example | p. 98 |
The concept of reliability | p. 98 |
Parameters for continuous variables | p. 103 |
Parameters for categorical variables | p. 115 |
Interpretation of the parameters | p. 120 |
Which parameter to use in which situation? | p. 123 |
Design of simple reliability studies | p. 124 |
Sample size for reliability studies | p. 126 |
Design of reliability studies for more complex situations | p. 128 |
Generalizability and decision studies | p. 131 |
Cronbach's alpha as a reliability parameter | p. 137 |
Reliability parameters and measurement error obtained by item response theory analysis | p. 139 |
Reliability and computer adaptive testing | p. 141 |
Reliability at group level and individual level | p. 142 |
Improving the reliability of measurements | p. 144 |
Summary | p. 145 |
Validity | p. 150 |
Introduction | p. 150 |
The concept of validity | p. 151 |
Content validity (including face validity) | p. 154 |
Criterion validity | p. 159 |
Construct validity | p. 169 |
Validation in context | p. 191 |
Summary | p. 196 |
Responsiveness | p. 202 |
Introduction | p. 202 |
The concept of responsiveness | p. 203 |
Criterion approach | p. 206 |
Construct approach | p. 211 |
Inappropriate measures of responsiveness | p. 215 |
Other design issues | p. 220 |
Summary | p. 221 |
Interpretability | p. 227 |
Introduction | p. 227 |
The concept of interpretability | p. 228 |
Distribution of scores of the instrument | p. 228 |
Interpretation of single scores | p. 235 |
Interpretation of change scores | p. 241 |
Summary | p. 268 |
Systematic reviews of measurement properties | p. 275 |
Introduction | p. 275 |
Research question | p. 276 |
Literature search | p. 278 |
Eligibility criteria | p. 282 |
Selection of articles | p. 283 |
Evaluation of the methodological quality of the included studies | p. 284 |
Data extraction | p. 291 |
Content comparison | p. 294 |
Data synthesis: evaluation of the evidence for adequacy of the measurement properties | p. 296 |
Overall conclusions of the systematic review | p. 300 |
Report on a systematic review of measurement properties | p. 302 |
State of affairs | p. 309 |
Comprehensiveness of systematic reviews of measurement properties | p. 310 |
Summary | p. 311 |
References | p. 315 |
Index | p. 328 |
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