Media Effects Research With Infotrac: A Basic Overview

by SPARKS

Edition:

1st

ISBN13:

9780534545864

ISBN10:

0534545866

Format:

Paperback

Pub. Date:

10/15/2001

Publisher(s):

Wadsworth Publishing

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This is the 1st edition with a publication date of 10/15/2001.

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Summary

This exciting new text provides an excellent introduction for students of mass media effects. Through an engaging, narrative style, the author presents the fascinating research findings of media impacts and the connected mass media theories in the context of those research findings. Students are provided with a clear perspective of the relationship between science, methods, and the practical questions of the effects of mass media.

Preface

Acknowledgments

xvi

A Scientific Approach to the Study of Media Effects

(18)

Ways of Knowing

(2)

Experience

(1)

Authority

(1)

Science

(1)

Goals of Science

(4)

Prediction

(1)

Explanation

(1)

Understanding

(1)

Control

(2)

How Are the Goals of Science Achieved?

(2)

Falsifiability

(1)

The Nature of Science

(6)

Science Is General

(2)

Science Acknowledges the Existence of Objective Truth

(1)

Science Assumes a Skeptical Attitude

(1)

Science Can't Answer Certain Kinds of Questions

(1)

Summary

(1)

Key Terms and Concepts

(1)

Key Names

(1)

Web Links

(1)

Notes

(2)

Scientific Methods in Media Effects Research

(20)

Analyzing Media Content

(4)

What Is Content Analysis?

(1)

An Example: The Content of TV Commercials

(2)

The Sample Survey

(4)

An Example: The Effects of Talk Show Viewing on Adolescents

(3)

The Search for Causal Relationships

(5)

Criteria for Causal Relationships

(5)

The Experimental Method

(4)

Manipulation of a Key Variable

(1)

Random Assignment to Experimental Conditions

(1)

Identical Treatment Except for the Manipulation

(1)

Control Groups

(1)

An Example: The Effects of Realistic Versus Reenacted Violence

(1)

Controversy About Research Methods

(1)

Summary

(1)

Key Terms and Concepts

(1)

Key Names

(1)

Web Links

(1)

Notes

(1)

A Brief History of Media Effects Research

(18)

Setting the Stage

(2)

1898---Congress Declares War on Spain

(1)

1917---Propaganda in World War I

(1)

The 1920s---Movies Explode as Mainstream Entertainment

(1)

1929--1932---The Payne Fund Studies

(3)

What Was the Content of Movies?

(1)

The Emotional Impact of Movies

(1)

Does Watching Movies Affect Behavior?

(2)

The Aftermath of the Payne Fund Studies

(1)

The Invasion From Mars

(2)

The Research at Princeton

(1)

Early Theory of Media Effects: The Magic Bullet Model

(1)

The People's Choice Study: The ``Limited Effects'' Model

(3)

Why Use Control Groups?

(1)

Media Impact in the 1940 Campaign

(1)

The Limited-Effects Perspective

(2)

The Evils of Comic Books

(1)

The Dawn of Television

(1)

Many Types of Media Effects

(2)

Summary

(1)

Key Terms and Concepts

(1)

Key Names

(1)

Web Links

(1)

Notes

(1)

Time Spent With Mass Media: Reasons and Consequences

(15)

The Uses and Gratifications Perspective

(4)

Why Do Children Watch TV?

(4)

The Problem With Self-Reports

(1)

Time Spent With Media

(6)

The Displacement Hypothesis

(3)

Television Viewing and Obesity

(2)

Summary

(1)

Key Terms and Concepts

(1)

Key Names

(1)

Web Links

(1)

Notes

(2)

Effects of Media Violence

(18)

The Presence of Violent Content

(2)

The Causal Link Between Viewing Violence and Behaving Aggressively

(8)

The Research of Albert Bandura

(3)

The Long-Term Studies of Leonard Eron and Rowell Huesmann

(2)

The Research of Brandon Centerwall

(1)

The Catharsis Hypothesis

(2)

A Priming Analysis of the Effect of Media Violence

(1)

Desensitization to Violence

(1)

Why Do People Like Media Violence?

(1)

Concluding Comments

(1)

Summary

(1)

Key Terms and Concepts

(1)

Key Names

(1)

Web Links

(1)

Notes

(2)

Sexual Content in the Media

(19)

Human Sexuality Brings Out Passionate Opinion

(2)

Sorting Out Definitions and Terms

(1)

The Commission on Obscenity and Pornography

(2)

Major Finding

(1)

A Reexamination of the Commission's Findings

(1)

Research Following the Commission Report

(4)

Content Available

(1)

Perceptual Consequences of Viewing

(1)

Behavioral Consequences of Viewing

(2)

The Meese Commission Report on Pornography

(1)

Major Conclusion

(1)

Sex on Prime-Time TV

100

(4)

The Dynamics of Excitation Transfer

101

(1)

Content Analyses

102

(2)

Sexual Behavior and Viewing

104

(1)

Control over Media Content

104

(2)

Sex and the Internet

104

(1)

Legal Control

105

(1)

Social or Economic Control

105

(1)

Control Through Education

106

(1)

Summary

106

(1)

Key Terms and Concepts

107

(1)

Key Names

107

(1)

Web Links

107

(1)

Notes

107

(2)

Frightening Media

109

(18)

Fright Reactions to Media Are Prevalent

111

(1)

What Scares One Child May Not Scare Another

112

(1)

Experimenting with the Incredible Hulk

113

(3)

Why Is the Paranormal So Scary?

116

(4)

Poltergeist

117

(1)

The Nightmare on Elm Street Series

118

(1)

The Exorcist

119

(1)

What's a Parent to Do?

120

(2)

Is it Fun to Be Scared?

122

(2)

Frightening Films and Roller-Coaster Rides

122

(1)

The Sexual Dynamic in Viewing Frightening Films

123

(1)

Summary

124

(1)

Key Terms and Concepts

125

(1)

Key Names

125

(1)

Web Links

125

(1)

Notes

125

(2)

Persuasive Effects of the Media

127

(24)

What Is Persuasion?

127

(1)

Subliminal Persuasion: The Magic Key?

128

(3)

Early History

128

(1)

The Presumed Mechanism

129

(1)

Two Important Questions

129

(2)

How Media Messages Persuade Without Even Trying

131

(6)

The Theory of Media Cultivation

133

(2)

Do Media Messages About the Paranormal Influence Paranormal Beliefs?

135

(2)

Intentional Persuasion in the Media

137

(3)

The Great American Values Test

137

(2)

How Does an Advertiser Determine Success?

139

(1)

Some Evidence for the Effectiveness of Advertising

139

(1)

The Third-Person Effect

140

(1)

Some Key Principles of Media Persuasion

140

(7)

The Power of the Source

142

(1)

Message Features: Simplicity and Repetition

143

(1)

More Message Features: Fear, Guilt, and Humor

143

(2)

The Health Campaign

145

(2)

Summary

147

(1)

Key Terms and Concepts

147

(1)

Key Names

147

(1)

Web Links

148

(1)

Notes

148

(3)

The Effects of News and Political Content

151

(16)

Do Certain News Reports Cause More People to Die?

151

(2)

Imitative Suicides and the News

152

(1)

Thinking About the News

153

(7)

Need for Cognition

154

(1)

Political Sophistication

154

(1)

Agenda-Setting Theory: A Theory About Thinking

155

(2)

The Spiral of Silence

157

(1)

How Much of the News Do We Remember?

158

(2)

The Role of Emotion

160

(4)

Summary

164

(1)

Key Terms and Concepts

164

(1)

Key Names

164

(1)

Web Links

165

(1)

Notes

165

(2)

The Effects of Media Stereotypes

167

(18)

What's in a Face?

167

(4)

Stereotypical Representations in the Media

171

(9)

Sex Role Stereotypes

172

(1)

Effects of Sex Role Stereotypes

173

(2)

Media Images of Thin Bodies and Effects on Body Image

175

(2)

Racial Stereotypes

177

(1)

Overrepresentation of African Americans as Lawbreakers

177

(3)

The Imbalance in Media Research on Stereotypes

180

(2)

Summary

182

(1)

Key Terms and Concepts

182

(1)

Key Names

182

(1)

Web Links

183

(1)

Notes

183

(2)

The Impact of New Media Technologies

185

(15)

The Revolution in New Media Technology

185

(2)

Computers and the Internet: Connection or Alienation?

187

(5)

The Carnegie Mellon Study

187

(3)

Applying the Lessons of History

190

(2)

Are Video Games Really Training Kids to Kill?

192

(6)

An Opinion on Video Games from an Expert on ``Killology''

193

(1)

What Does the Research Say?

194

(4)

Summary

198

(1)

Key Terms and Concepts

198

(1)

Key Names

198

(1)

Web Links

198

(1)

Notes

199

(1)

Meet Marshall McLuhan: A Less Scientific Approach to Media Impact

200

(17)

Is There Any Value to Considering Marshall McLuhan?

200

(1)

Meet Marshall McLuhan

201

(1)

The Eras of Communication History

202

(4)

The Tribal Age

202

(1)

Moving from the Tribal Age to the Print Age

203

(1)

Moving on to the Current Electronic Age

204

(2)

The Medium Is the Message

206

(1)

The Effects of Electronic Media on Human Beings

207

(5)

Education in the Electronic Age

208

(1)

War in the Electronic Age: Not So ``Hot''

209

(2)

Politics in the Electronic Age: Was Bill Clinton ``Cooler'' Than George Bush?

211

(1)

Drugs in the Electronic Age

212

(1)

McLuhan's Influence

212

(1)

Some Final Reflections

213

(1)

Summary

214

(1)

Key Terms and Concepts

215

(1)

Key Names

215

(1)

Web Links

215

(1)

Important Sources on Marshall McLuhan

216

(1)

Notes

216

(1)

Names Index

217

(2)

Subject Index

219

Media Effects Research With Infotrac: A Basic Overview

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