Melancholia of Freedom

by Hansen, Thomas Blom

• ISBN13: 9780691152967
• ISBN10: 0691152969
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2012-07-02
• Publisher: Princeton Univ Pr

Summary

The end of apartheid in 1994 signaled a moment of freedom and a promise of a nonracial future. With this promise came an injunction: define yourself as you truly are, as an individual, and as a community. Almost two decades later it is clear that it was less the future than the habits and horizons of anxious life in racially defined enclaves that determined post-apartheid freedom. In this book, Thomas Blom Hansen offers an in-depth analysis of the uncertainties, dreams, and anxieties that have accompanied post-apartheid freedoms in Chatsworth, a formerly Indian township in Durban. Exploring five decades of township life, Hansen tells the stories of ordinary Indians whose lives were racialized and framed by the township, and how these residents domesticated and inhabited this urban space and its institutions, during apartheid and after. Hansen demonstrates the complex and ambivalent nature of ordinary township life. While the ideology of apartheid was widely rejected, its practical institutions, from urban planning to houses, schools, and religious spaces, were embraced in order to remake the community. Hansen describes how the racial segmentation of South African society still informs daily life, notions of race, personhood, morality, and religious ethics. He also demonstrates the force of global religious imaginings that promise a universal and inclusive community amid uncertain lives and futures in the post-apartheid nation-state.

Author Biography

Thomas Blom Hansen is professor of anthropology and the Reliance-Dhirubhai Ambani Professor of South Asian Studies at Stanford University, where he also directs the Center for South Asia. His books include The Saffron Wave and Wages of Violence (both Princeton).

Table of Contents

List of Illustrations	p. ix
Preface and Acknowledgments	p. xi
Introduction	p. 1
Under the Gaze: Freedom and Race after Apartheid	p. 3
Freedom and Sovereignty after Apartheid	p. 9
Melancholia of Freedom	p. 15
Between Irrelevance and Irreverence: "Our Culture" after Apartheid	p. 17
Structure of the Book	p. 20
Methods and Material	p. 24
Ethnicity by Fiat: The Remaking of Indian Life in South Africa	p. 26
The Asiatic Question	p. 27
The New Hygienic Indian	p. 32
Census et Censura	p. 35
The New Indian Social Body	p. 38
Policing the Internal Frontier	p. 46
Containing the Bush: Crime and Vigilantes in the Age of Democratic Policing	p. 51
Domesticity and Cultural Intimacy	p. 59
From Kinship to Family	p. 59
The New Indian Woman and the Family House	p. 64
Tongues without Speech: Caste as Language Community	p. 74
"Our Culture" as Embarrassment	p. 77
Cultural Intimacy and Embarrassment: Charous and Lahnees	p. 79
Class and Charou Names	p. 82
Performing in the Gaze: The Indian Public Sphere	p. 84
Joke-Work on a Saturday Morning	p. 87
Comic Belief? Laughter and Cultural Intimacy	p. 91
Charou 4 Eva: Domesticity Lost and Refound	p. 95
Charous and Ravans: A Story of Mutual Nonrecognition	p. 97
AmaKula and amaZulu on the Colonial Estates	p. 99
Durban, January 1949: "The Largest Race Riot in the World"	p. 102
Cato Manor and the Urban Zulu	p. 107
The Indian "1949 Syndrome" as a Social Text	p. 110
The Syndrome Affirmed: Inanda 1985	p. 116
Racism's Two Bodies	p. 119
Racial Practice, Indian-Style	p. 123
Africans at Our Doorsteps	p. 127
Somatic Anxieties	p. 131
Nonrecognition and the Elusive Master	p. 136
Autonomy, Freedom, and Political Speech	p. 142
Local Affairs and the Problem of Indian Speech	p. 145
The House of Delhigoats	p. 151
"Scandals Are the Foundations of the State"	p. 155
Who Speaks for the Community? The Particular as Universalist Gesture	p. 160
The Only Good Indian Is a Poor Indian: The ANC and the Indian Townships	p. 163
"All the Way": On the Ways of the Tiger	p. 167
From Tragedy to Comedy: Politics as a Form of Enjoyment	p. 171
Movement, Sound, and Body in the Postapartheid City	p. 176
The Steel Cages of Modernity	p. 177
Driving while Brown	p. 179
(Auto)mobility in the Postapartheid City	p. 182
Vehicular Vernacular: Visual and Sonic	p. 185
Taxis, Charou-Style	p. 188
Conclusion: "Indianness," African-Style	p. 197
The Unwieldy Fetish: Desi Fantasies, Roots Tourism, and Diasporic Desires	p. 200
India as an Unwieldy Fetish	p. 201
The Spiritual Homeland	p. 203
Seeking Ancestral Roots	p. 203
Finding Spiritual Truth	p. 207
Catalysts of Modernity	p. 209
Global Desi Dreamscapes: The Revival of Bollywood in South Africa	p. 211
"What Does This Film Make of Me?"	p. 212
Plot Summary	p. 214
Who Are We Indians, After All?	p. 217
Diaspora and the Unwieldy Fetish	p. 220
Global Hindus and Pure Muslims: Universalist Aspirations and Territorialized Lives	p. 223
Hinduism in Translation	p. 226
Religious Practices, Hindu Missionaries, and Cultural Purification	p. 228
A Nervous Relationship: Contemporary Hindu Practices in the Townships	p. 231
The Call of Global Hinduism	p. 236
Globalized Islam and the Impurities of the Past	p. 239
Muslim Durban	p. 240
Deculturation and the Invention of the Pure Muslim	p. 247
"Oh Lord, Won't You Buy Me a Mercedes-Benz?"	p. 252
Da'wah in the Township	p. 256
Reaching for the Universal	p. 259
The Saved and the Backsliders: The Charou Soul and the Instability of Belief	p. 261
The Fragility of the Charou Soul	p. 266
Signs of the Spirit	p. 269
Reconfiguring Patriarchy and Gendered Surveillance	p. 270
On Suits and Sermons	p. 273
Looking like Kentucky...	p. 277
Race, Gender, Body	p. 282
Between Vessel and Substance: On the Exteriority of the Soul	p. 286
Postscript: Melancholia in the Time of the "African Personality"	p. 290
Notes	p. 297
References	p. 325
Index	p. 345
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