Methods for Effective Teaching

by Burden, Paul R.; Byrd, David M.

• ISBN13: 9780205367740
• ISBN10: 0205367747
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2003-01-01
• Publisher: Allyn & Bacon

Summary

Methods for Effective Teaching discusses research-based general teaching methods while emphasizing contemporary issues, including creating a learning community, differentiating your instruction, and making instruction modifications based on student differences. This edition offers new content on motivating students for a learning community, working with colleagues and parents, differentiating your instruction, and managing lesson delivery. Thorough coverage of classroom management and discipline includes discussion of dynamic ways to create a positive learning environment. Several pedagogical features about technology, learning communities, and instructional modifications for diverse classrooms engage the reader in decision making about chapter concepts, and Teachers in Action testimonials provide perspectives from real teachers. Each pedagogical feature provokes rich classroom discussions about teacher decision making and application of concepts. The numerous features, tables, and lists of recommendations ensure that the text is reader-friendly and practically oriented.

Author Biography

David M. Byrd is a professor in the School of Education at the University of Rhode Island.

Table of Contents

Preface	xv
About the Authors	xix
PART I FOUNDATIONS OF TEACHING METHODS
Introduction to Teacher Decision Making	1	(21)
How This Book is Organized	2	(2)
Content	2	(1)
Features	3	(1)
Decision Making	4	(8)
The Decisions That Teachers Make Matter	5	(1)
Standards and Education	6	(2)
Teachers as Decision Makers	8	(2)
Teachers as Reflective Practitioners	10	(1)
Decision Making in the Teaching Environment	11	(1)
Decisions That Teachers Make	12	(3)
Creating a Learning Community	12	(2)
Reflection and a Constructivist Approach to Teaching	14	(1)
How Teachers Can Improve Their Decision Making	15	(7)
PART II PLANNING INSTRUCTION
The Fundamentals of Planning	22	(36)
Planning	23	(11)
Reasons for Planning	24	(1)
Planning Phases	24	(1)
Factors Considered in Planning	25	(5)
Planning and the Standards Movement	30	(4)
Approaches to Planning	34	(12)
The Linear-Rational Model	35	(8)
The Mental-Image Approach	43	(3)
Additional Planning Considerations	46	(7)
Resources for Planning	46	(2)
Teacher Student Planning	48	(1)
Team Planning	49	(2)
Preparing a Syllabus	51	(1)
Planning to Motivate Students	52	(1)
Planning to Use Academic Time Wisely	52	(1)
How Teachers Really Plan	53	(5)
Types of Teacher Planning	58	(36)
Types of Teacher Plans	59	(20)
Course Planning	60	(5)
Term Planning	65	(1)
Unit Planning	65	(4)
Weekly Planning	69	(2)
Daily Planning	71	(8)
Components of a Daily Lesson Plan	79	(15)
Identifying Course Information	79	(1)
Objectives for the Lesson	79	(9)
Procedures	88	(1)
Materials	88	(1)
Evaluation of Students	89	(1)
Other Possible Items	90	(4)
The Inclusive and Multicultural Classroom	94	(22)
Sources of Student Diversity	95	(13)
Cognitive Area	96	(2)
Affective Area	98	(1)
Physical Area	99	(1)
Learning Styles	99	(2)
Creative Potential	101	(2)
Gender	103	(1)
Language	103	(1)
Cultural Diversity	104	(1)
Disabilities	105	(1)
Students at Risk	106	(1)
Socioeconomic Status	107	(1)
Creating an Inclusive, Multicultural Classroom	108	(8)
Create a Supportive, Caring Environment	108	(1)
Offer a Responsive Curriculum	109	(1)
Vary Your Instruction	110	(3)
Provide Assistance When Needed	113	(3)
Motivating Students for a Learning Community	116	(31)
Planning for Motivation	118	(1)
Motivational Strategies Concerning Instruction	119	(15)
Motivational Strategies Concerning Evaluation and Feedback	134	(13)
PART III SELECTING INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES
Differentiating Your Instruction	147	(17)
Differentiating Your Instruction	149	(1)
Vehicles of Differentiation	150	(7)
Elements of the Curriculum That Can & Differentiated	150	(4)
Student Characteristics for Which Teachers Can Differentiate	154	(2)
Instructional Strategies That Facilitate Differentiation	156	(1)
Grouping Students for Instruction	157	(7)
Whole-Group Instruction	158	(1)
Small-Group Instruction	158	(3)
Independent Work	161	(3)
Direct Instructional Strategies	164	(21)
Deductive and Instructive Strategies	165	(1)
Direct Instructional Approaches	166	(19)
Direct Instruction	167	(3)
Presentations	170	(2)
Demonstrations	172	(2)
Questions	174	(4)
Recitations	178	(1)
Practice and Drills	178	(1)
Reviews	178	(1)
Guided Practice and Homework	179	(6)
Indirect Instructional Strategies	185	(26)
Inductive Approaches	186	(10)
Concept Attainment Approaches	187	(5)
Inquiry Lessons	192	(3)
Projects, Reports, and Problems	195	(1)
Social Approaches	196	(11)
Discussions	196	(3)
Cooperative Learning	199	(4)
Panels and Debates	203	(1)
Role Playing, Simulations, and Games	204	(3)
Independent Approaches	207	(4)
Learning Centers or Stations	207	(1)
Contracts and Independent Work	207	(4)
PART IV MANAGING INSTRUCTION AND THE CLASSROOM
Managing Lesson Delivery	211	(23)
Issues Affective Lesson Delivery	212	(3)
The Degree of Structure in Lessons	212	(1)
Holding Students Academically Accountable	213	(2)
Lesson Delivery	215	(19)
The Beginning of a Lesson	216	(6)
The Middle of a Lesson	222	(7)
The Ending of a Lesson	229	(5)
Classroom Management	234	(43)
Classroom Management	235	(4)
Order in the Classroom	236	(1)
Domains of Classroom Management	237	(2)
Preparing for the School Year	239	(14)
Making Management Preparations	240	(2)
Making Instructional Preparations	242	(3)
Establishing a Plan to Deal with Misbehavior	245	(2)
Planning for the First Day	247	(3)
Conducting the First Day	250	(3)
Organizing Your Classroom and Materials	253	(4)
Floor Space	254	(1)
Storage Space	255	(2)
Bulletin Boards and Wall Space	257	(1)
Selecting and Teaching Rules and Procedures	257	(5)
Rules	258	(3)
Procedures	261	(1)
Establishing a Cooperative Classroom	262	(15)
Building Positive Teacher-student Relationships	264	(3)
Building Group Cohesiveness	267	(2)
Maintaining Attention and Involvement	269	(3)
Reinforcing Desired Behaviors	272	(5)
Classroom Discipline	277	(26)
Misbehavior	278	(4)
Misbehavior in Context	278	(1)
Causes of Misbehavior	279	(2)
Types of Misbehavior	281	(1)
Degrees of Severity	281	(1)
Interventions	282	(6)
The Principle of Least Intervention	283	(1)
Some Practices to Avoid	283	(3)
Cautions and Guidelines for Punishment	286	(2)
A Three-Step Response Plan	288	(15)
Situational Assistance	289	(3)
Mild Responses	292	(6)
Moderate Responses	298	(5)
PART V ASSESSING STUDENT PERFORMANCE
Assessing Student Performance	303	(26)
Evaluation	304	(2)
Types of Evaluation	304	(1)
Measurement, Assessment, and Evaluation	305	(1)
Norm-referenced and Criterion-referenced Evaluation	305	(1)
Characteristics of Good Assessment Instruments	306	(1)
Establishing a Framework for Evaluation	306	(1)
Performance-Based Assessments	307	(7)
Product Assessments	308	(2)
Performance Assessments	310	(2)
Ways to Rate Student Products or Performances	312	(2)
Teacher Made Tests	314	(15)
Planning the Classroom Test	314	(3)
Selecting and Preparing Test Questions	317	(6)
Assembling the Test	323	(2)
Administering the Test	325	(1)
Scoring the Test	325	(4)
Grading Systems, Marking, and Reporting	329	(26)
Purposes of Grading	330	(4)
Functions of Grades	331	(1)
Confounding the Achievement Grade	332	(2)
Grading Systems	334	(2)
Percentage Grades	334	(1)
Letter Grades	334	(1)
Descriptive Evaluations	335	(1)
Parent Teacher Conferences	335	(1)
Pass-Fail Grading	335	(1)
Checklists of Objectives	335	(1)
Assigning Letter Grades	336	(7)
Determining What to Include in a Grade	336	(1)
Creating a Composite Score	336	(3)
Selecting a Frame of Reference for Grading	339	(1)
Determining the Distribution of Grades	340	(2)
Calculating Semester and Annual Grades	342	(1)
Nonachievement Outcomes	343	(1)
Rating Scales	343	(1)
Checklists	343	(1)
Special Reports	344	(1)
Designing a Gradebook	344	(3)
Daily Record	345	(1)
Achievement Scores	345	(1)
Summary Charts	346	(1)
Reporting Grades and Communicating to Parents	347	(4)
Report Cards	348	(1)
Cumulative Record Files	348	(1)
Newsletters to All Parents	349	(1)
Open House	350	(1)
Parent Teacher Conferences	350	(1)
Contacts with Individual Parents	351	(1)
General Principles in Grading and Reporting	351	(4)
PART VI WORKING WITH OTHERS
Working with Colleagues and Parents	355	(23)
Working with Colleagues	356	(1)
Working with Parents	357	(4)
Reasons for Working with Parents	358	(1)
Why Some Parents Resist Involvement	359	(1)
Building a Parental Support System	360	(1)
Contacting and Communicating with Parents	361	(17)
Ways to Communicate with Parents	362	(10)
Parent Teacher Conferences	372	(6)
References	378	(11)
Name Index	389	(4)
Subject Index	393