Microneedle-mediated Transdermal and Intradermal Drug Delivery

by Donnelly, Ryan F.; Singh, Thakur Raghu Raj; Morrow, Desmond I. J.; Woolfson, A. David

• ISBN13: 9780470654897
• ISBN10: 0470654899
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2012-03-05
• Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell

Summary

One of the latest techniques in drug delivery, microneedles are used for administering a wide range of drug substances used to treat various medical conditions. Thorough background information is included providing a history of the field. Various methods used to produce micorneedles are described as well as a snapshot of the future directions within the industry. Written by highly qualified authors, this new text is the only title providing a comprehensive review of microneedle research in the fields of transdermal and intradermal drug delivery.

Author Biography

Ryan F. Donnelly, Senior Lecturer in Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, UK

Thakur Raghu Raj Singh, Lecturer in Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, UK

Desmond I.J. Morrow, Honorary Research Fellow, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, UK

A. David Woolfson, Chair in Pharmaceutics and Head of the School  of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, UK

Table of Contents

Preface	p. ix
About the Authors	p. xiii
Transdermal Drug Delivery	p. 1
Genesis of transdermal drug delivery	p. 1
Skin anatomy	p. 2
The epidermis	p. 2
The stratum corneum	p. 4
The dermis	p. 6
Skin appendages	p. 6
Routes to percutaneous drug absorption	p. 7
Facilitated transdermal drug delivery	p. 11
Cryopneumatic and photopneumatic technologies	p. 12
Sonophoresis (low-frequency ultrasound)	p. 12
Iontophoresis	p. 13
Electroporation	p. 14
Jet injection	p. 14
Microneedles	p. 15
References	p. 15
Microneedles: Design, Microfabrication and Optimization	p. 20
Introduction	p. 20
Methods of fabricating microneedles	p. 21
Microfabrication of silicon microneedles	p. 22
Microfabrication of metal and other types of MNs	p. 31
Microfabrication of polymeric microneedles	p. 34
Optimization to MN design for transdermal drug delivery	p. 46
Conclusion	p. 49
References	p. 51
Microneedle Applicator Designs for Transdermal Drug Delivery Applications	p. 57
Introduction	p. 57
Considerations of microneedle applicators designs	p. 72
Conclusion	p. 76
References	p. 76
Transdermal Delivery Applications	p. 79
Introduction	p. 79
Transdermal drug delivery	p. 79
Partition co-efficient between 1 and 3	p. 80
A relatively low melting point	p. 80
A molecular weight less than 500 Da	p. 81
Unionized	p. 81
Modulation of transdermal penetration using microneedles	p. 82
Transdermal delivery using solid microneedles	p. 83
Transdermal delivery of low molecular weight compounds (RMM < 600 Da) in vitro using solid microneedles	p. 84
Transdermal delivery of low molecular weight compounds (RMM < 600 Da) in vivo using solid microneedles	p. 86
Transdermal delivery of high molecular weight compounds (RMM > 600 Da) in vitro using solid microneedles	p. 88
Transdermal delivery of high molecular weight compounds (RMM > 600 Da) in vivo using solid microneedles	p. 89
Transdermal delivery using hollow microneedles	p. 91
Transdermal delivery of low molecular weight compounds (RMM < 600 Da) in vitro using hollow microneedles	p. 91
Transdermal delivery of low molecular weight compounds (RMM < 600 Da) in vivo using hollow microneedles	p. 92
Transdermal delivery of high molecular weight compounds (RMM > 600 Da) in vitro using hollow microneedles	p. 93
Transdermal delivery of high molecular weight compounds (RMM > 600 Da) in vivo using hollow microneedles	p. 93
Transdermal delivery using biodegradable microneedles	p. 96
Transdermal delivery of low molecular weight compounds in vitro using biodegradable MN	p. 96
Transdermal delivery of low molecular weight compounds in vivo using biodegradable MN	p. 98
Transdermal delivery of high molecular weight compounds in vitro using biodegradable MN	p. 98
Transdermal delivery of high molecular weight compounds in vivo using biodegradable MN	p. 100
Microneedles in combination with other enhancement strategies	p. 102
Conclusion	p. 105
References	p. 107
Microneedle-mediated Intradermal Delivery	p. 113
Introduction	p. 113
Vaccine delivery	p. 113
Vaccination	p. 113
Intradermal vaccination	p. 116
	p. 117
Skin immune response	p. 117
Conventional strategies for intradermal vaccine delivery	p. 118
Coated microneedles	p. 120
'Poke and Patch' approaches	p. 129
Hollow microneedles	p. 131
Dissolving/biodegrading polymeric microneedles	p. 133
Epidermal gene delivery	p. 135
Intradermal delivery of photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy	p. 139
Microneedle-mediated intradermal delivery of 5-aminolevulinic acid and derivatives	p. 141
Microneedle-mediated intradermal delivery of preformed photosensitizers	p. 143
Intradermal delivery of nanoparticles144
Conclusion	p. 146
References	p. 147
Clinical Application and Safety Studies of Microneedles	p. 152
Introduction	p. 152
Clinical and safety consideration for MN application	p. 153
Sensation of pain	p. 153
Recovery of micropores and possibility of infection following microneedle application	p. 155
Erythema	p. 156
Biocompatability and biodegradation of MN material	p. 157
Conclusion	p. 159
References	p. 160
Microneedles: Current Status and Future Perspectives	p. 164
Introduction	p. 164
Biological fluid sampling devices	p. 167
Ocular drug delivery	p. 172
Cosmetic applications	p. 175
Industrial perspectives	p. 177
Hydrogel-forming microneedle arrays	p. 179
Moving forwards	p. 181
Conclusion	p. 184
References	p. 185
Index	p. 188
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.