Micropalaeontology in Petroleum Exploration

by Jones, Robert Wynn

• ISBN13: 9780198526476
• ISBN10: 0198526474
• Edition: Reprint
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-06-16
• Publisher: Clarendon Press

Summary

There have been a number of papers marking the association between micropalaeontology and petroleum exploration, and a small number of books containg contributions to the subject. However, there have been no previous books that provide a comprehensive and thematic treatment. This book attemptsto redress that imbalance. The first part deals with pure micropalaentology. Microfossil groups include calcareous, siliceous, phosphatic, and organic-walled microfossils and calcareous nanofossils. The second part treats the principles and practice of applied micropalaentology and sequencestratigraphy. Case histories of applications in a range of geographic, geologic, amd stratigraphic settings are given. The final chapter deals with applications outside petroleum exploration, and contains sections on environmental monitoring, coal mining, mineral exploration and exploitation, andengineering. The book is extensively illustrated and referenced, and is an invaluable reseource for both academic and commercial palaeontologists.

Table of Contents

Introduction	1	(2)
Calcareous microfossils	3	(88)
Introduction	3	(1)
Foraminifera	3	(46)
Taxonomic affinity, biology, morphology and classification	3	(2)
Ecology and palaeoecology	5	(19)
Stratigraphic applications	24	(25)
Calcareous algae	49	(9)
Taxonomic affinity, biology, morphology and classification	49	(2)
Ecology and palaeoecology	51	(1)
Stratigraphic applications	51	(7)
Bolboforma	58	(4)
Taxonomic affinity, biology, morphology and classification	58	(1)
Palaeoecology	58	(1)
Stratigraphic applications	58	(4)
Calcispheres	62	(2)
Taxonomic affinity, biology, morphology and classification	62	(1)
Palaeoecology	62	(1)
Stratigraphic applications	62	(2)
Calpionellids	64	(2)
Taxonomic affinity, biology, morphology and classification	64	(1)
Palaeoecology	64	(1)
Stratigraphic applications	64	(2)
Ostracods	66	(6)
Taxonomic affinity, biology, morphology and classification	66	(1)
Ecology and palaeoecology	66	(5)
Stratigraphic applications	71	(1)
Other calcareous microfossils	72	(19)
References	75	(16)
Siliceous microfossils	91	(14)
Introduction	91	(1)
Diatoms	91	(2)
Taxonomic affinity, biology, morphology and classification	91	(1)
Ecology and palaeoecology	91	(2)
Stratigraphic applications	93	(1)
Radiolarians	93	(7)
Taxonomic affinity, biology, morphology and classification	93	(1)
Ecology and palaeoecology	93	(2)
Stratigraphic applications	95	(5)
Silicoflagellates	100	(1)
Taxonomic affinity, biology, morphology and classification	100	(1)
Ecology and palaeoecology	100	(1)
Stratigraphic applications	100	(1)
Other siliceous microfossils	101	(4)
References	102	(3)
Phosphatic microfossils	105	(7)
Introduction	105	(1)
Conodonts	105	(5)
Taxonomic affinity, biology, morphology and classification	105	(1)
Palaeoecology	105	(1)
Stratigraphic applications	105	(5)
Ichthyoliths	110	(1)
Taxonomic affinity, biology, morphology and classification	110	(1)
Ecology and palaeoecology	110	(1)
Stratigraphic applications	110	(1)
Other phosphatic microfossils	111	(1)
References	111	(1)
Organic-walled microfossils (palynomorphs)	112	(39)
Introduction	112	(1)
Acritarchs	113	(2)
Taxonomic affinity, biology, morphology and classification	113	(1)
Ecology and palaeoecology	113	(2)
Stratigraphic applications	115	(1)
Chitinozoans	115	(4)
Taxonomic affinity, biology, morphology and classification	115	(1)
Palaeoecology	116	(1)
Stratigraphic applications	116	(3)
Dinoflagellates	119	(9)
Taxonomic affinity, biology, morphology and classification	119	(2)
Ecology and palaeoecology	121	(1)
Stratigraphic applications	122	(6)
Spores and pollen	128	(12)
Taxonomic affinity, biology, morphology and classification	128	(1)
Ecological and palaeoecological distribution	128	(7)
Stratigraphic applications	135	(5)
Other organic-walled microfossils	140	(2)
Palynofacies	142	(9)
References	144	(7)
Calcareous nannofossils	151	(11)
Introduction	151	(1)
Calcareous nannofossils	151	(11)
Taxonomic affinity, biology, morphology and classification	151	(2)
Ecology and palaeoecology	153	(1)
Stratigraphic applications	153	(7)
References	160	(2)
Biostratigraphy and palaeoenvironmental interpretation	162	(35)
Introduction	162	(1)
Biostratigraphy	162	(2)
Introduction	162	(1)
Proterozoic	162	(1)
Palaeozoic	162	(1)
Mesozoic	162	(2)
Cenozoic	164	(1)
Quantitative biostratigraphy	164	(3)
Palaeoenvironmental interpretation	167	(12)
Introduction	167	(1)
Clastic environments	167	(5)
Carbonate environments	172	(7)
Preliminary observations on benthonic foraminifera associated with petroleum seeps	179	(18)
Introduction	179	(1)
Material and methods	179	(4)
Results and discussion	183	(4)
Conclusions	187	(2)
References	189	(8)
Integrated stratigraphy	197	(31)
Introduction	197	(1)
Sequence stratigraphy	197	(12)
General and clastic sequence stratigraphy	197	(6)
Carbonate sequence stratigraphy	203	(6)
Absolute chronostratigraphic time-scales	209	(9)
Stratigraphic controls on hydrocarbon habitat	218	(10)
Source	218	(1)
Reservoir	218	(1)
Trap	218	(2)
References	220	(8)
Petroleum exploration, appraisal and development	228	(4)
Introduction	228	(1)
Basin exploration	228	(1)
Exploration, appraisal and development drilling	228	(4)
Drilling, logging, testing and completion	228	(2)
Exploration drilling	230	(1)
Appraisal and development	230	(1)
References	231	(1)
Case histories in petroleum exploration I: clastic systems	232	(109)
Introduction	232	(1)
Eastern Paratethys	232	(16)
Geological setting	232	(1)
Applications of micropalaeontology	232	(12)
References	244	(4)
Niger Delta	248	(16)
Geological setting	248	(1)
Applications of micropalaeontology	248	(15)
References	263	(1)
Mackenzie Delta, Arctic Canada	264	(11)
Geological setting	264	(1)
Applications of micropalaeontology	265	(9)
References	274	(1)
Gulf of Mexico	275	(20)
Geological setting	275	(1)
Applications of micropalaeontology	276	(16)
References	292	(3)
Central and Northern North Sea	295	(24)
Geological setting	295	(4)
Applications of micropalaeontology	299	(15)
References	314	(5)
South Atlantic basins	319	(22)
Geological setting	319	(1)
Applications of micropalaeontology	320	(15)
References	335	(6)
Case histories in petroleum exploration II: carbonate systems	341	(40)
Introduction	341	(1)
Middle East	341	(28)
Geological setting	341	(3)
Applications of micropalaeontology	344	(18)
References	362	(7)
Papuan Basin	369	(12)
Geological setting	369	(1)
Applications of micropalaeontology	369	(9)
References	378	(3)
Other commercial applications	381	(11)
Introduction	381	(1)
Environmental monitoring	381	(4)
Introduction	381	(1)
Domestic pollution	381	(1)
Industrial pollution	381	(2)
References	383	(2)
Coal mining	385	(1)
References	386	(1)
Mineral exploration	386	(1)
Introduction	386	(1)
Results and discussion	386	(1)
Mineral exploitation	387	(2)
Introduction	387	(1)
Pitstone	388	(1)
East Grimstead	388	(1)
References	389	(1)
Engineering	389	(3)
Introduction	389	(1)
Channel Tunnel site investigation	389	(1)
Thames Barrier site investigation	389	(2)
References	391	(1)
Index	392