Migration in Sub-Saharan Africa

by Adepoju, Aderanti

• ISBN13: 9789171066206
• ISBN10: 9171066209
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2008-11-30
• Publisher: Stylus Pub Llc

Summary

Africans arriving by rickety fishing boats to the Canary Islands, risking the passage across the Straits of Gibraltar or washing up on the Italian island of Lampedusa are familiar examples of the recent growth in migration from Africa to Europe. There is this dark side of migration in human trafficking, but the picture of a continent on the move also includes highly skilled professionals from Nigeria and Ghana who seek employment in universities and other professions in South Africa. On the positive side, migrant remittances are a major source of income in many sub-Saharan African countries, helping to sustain the lives of poor home communities. A major challenge now facing sub-Saharan Africa is how to attract skilled emigrants back for national development.

Author Biography

Professor Aderanti Adepoju is coordinator of the Network of Migration Research on Africa (Nomra) and Chief Executive of the Human Resources Development Centre (HRDC) in Lagos, Nigeria.

Table of Contents

Abbreviations and acronyms	p. 6
Why focus on migration?	p. 7
Introduction	p. 7
Migration - an international agenda	p. 7
Report of the Global Commission on International Migration	p. 7
The African Union's strategic framework for a policy on migration	p. 8
The African Union's common position on migration and development	p. 9
The 2006 Euro-African conference on migration and development	p. 9
The Joint Africa-EU Declaration on Migration and Development	p. 10
The follow-up meeting to the Rabat Process	p. 10
The EU-Africa strategic partnership - The Lisbon Summit	p. 11
The UN High-level Dialogue on Migration and Development	p. 11
The Global Forum on Migration and Development	p. 12
The sub-Saharan African migration scene	p. 13
Emigration dynamics: some root causes	p. 13
Migration or circulation?	p. 14
Internal migration	p. 15
Internal migration blends into international migration	p. 17
Migration patterns in sub-Saharan Africa: some historical trends	p. 17
Trends in the stock of international migration in sub-Saharan Africa	p. 19
Recent trends in patterns of migration in and from SSA	p. 21
Diversification of destinations	p. 21
Commercial migration	p. 21
The lure of South Africa and problems of irregular migration	p. 22
The Maghreb - a region of origin, transit and destination	p. 22
Increase in independent female migration	p. 24
A new developmental approach to migration	p. 27
Migration to rich countries	p. 28
Emigration of professionals: causes and consequences	p. 29
Brain drain: its determinants and magnitude	p. 29
Impact of the brain drain	p. 31
Measures by donor communities to counter negative effects	p. 33
Brain circulation and skills circulation	p. 34
The characteristics and roles of remittances in sub-Saharan Africa	p. 36
Use of remittances	p. 36
Remittances: micro-meso-macro levels	p. 36
Remittance policy measures	p. 37
Transaction costs and incentives	p. 37
Remittances and development	p. 38
The role of the diaspora in country-of-origin development	p. 40
Diaspora's economic and technological capital	p. 40
Diaspora's social capital	p. 40
Policy change in receiving countries	p. 41
The role of governments in attracting back the diaspora	p. 41
Sweden and the Sub-Saharan Africa diaspora	p. 42
Capacity-building for diaspora organisations in Sweden	p. 44
Human trafficking	p. 45
Regional details	p. 45
Root causes of trafficking	p. 46
Policy measures	p. 46
Data on trafficking and legal framework	p. 47
Public awareness	p. 48
Legislative framework governing migration in sub-Saharan Africa	p. 49
Regional initiatives	p. 49
ECOWAS free movement of persons	p. 49
SADC and COMESA	p. 49
East African Community	p. 50
Capacity building	p. 50
Collaboration and cooperation	p. 50
Principal actors in migration issues in sub-Saharan Africa	p. 51
The role of development partners	p. 51
Other internal and external actors	p. 51
The Business Sector	p. 51
Civil Society Organisations	p. 52
International Financial Institutions	p. 52
International agencies	p. 52
Lessons learnt	p. 52
Migration and development: challenges and prospects	p. 54
Trade and migration	p. 54
Globalisation with a human face	p. 54
Reducing emigration pressure and providing employment for youths	p. 54
Research and data on migration	p. 55
The future outlook	p. 57
A forum for migration dialogue	p. 57
Circularity	p. 57
Public enlightenment	p. 58
Institutional capacity-building	p. 58
Conclusion	p. 59
References	p. 60
List of Tables
Global flows of migrants' remittances (US$ billion) 2000-06	p. 8
International migrants as a percentage of the population, 1960-2005	p. 20
Percentage of international migrants by major area or region, 1960-2005	p. 20
Growth rate of migrant stock (percentage) 1960-2005	p. 21
Female migrants as percentage of all international migrants, 1960-2005	p. 24
African immigrants in Sweden by sex in 2004 and 2005	p. 25
Nurses and midwives from sub-Saharan Africa on UK register, 1998-2005	p. 26
Stock of foreign-born sub-Saharan population in OECD countries, 2002	p. 28
Number of expatriates and proportion of highly skilled persons from sub-Saharan African countries living in OECD member countries, 2000-01	p. 30
Distribution of sub-Saharan African-born doctors and nurses in various OECD countries, 2000	p. 32
Foreign-born sub-Saharan Africans in Sweden, 2006 (selected countries)	p. 42
Asylum seekers to Sweden from Burundi, Eritrea and Somalia, 1996-2005	p. 43
List of Figures
Trends in urbanisation - sub-Saharan African, 1950-2030	p. 16
Migration routes from sub-Saharan Africa to Europe	p. 23
Sub-Sahara African foreign-born population in OECD countries, 2005	p. 27
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