Modern Chemistry

by Davis, Raymond E.; Metcalfe, H. Clark

• ISBN13: 9780030511226
• ISBN10: 0030511224
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2000-05-01
• Publisher: HARCOURT SCHOOL PUB

Table of Contents

UNIT 1 Introduction to Chemistry and Matter	2	(60)
Matter and Change
Chemistry Is a Physical Science	5	(5)
Matter and Its Properties	10	(10)
Elements	20	(9)
Great Discoveries Modern Alchemy	8	(11)
Research Notes Secrets of the Cremona Violins	19	(10)
Measurements and Calculations
Scientific Method	29	(4)
Units of Measurement	33	(11)
Using Scientific Measurements	44	(18)
Chemical Commentary Chemistry's Holy Grail	32	(7)
Desktop Investigation Density of Pennies	39	(4)
Research Notes Roadside Pollution Detector	43	(19)
UNIT 2 Organization of Matter	62	(138)
Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter
The Atom: From Philosophical Idea to Scientific Theory	65	(5)
The Structure of the Atom	70	(5)
Counting Atoms	75	(16)
Chemical Commentary Travels with C	68	(1)
Desktop Investigation Constructing a Model	69	(22)
Arrangement of Electrons in Atoms
The Development of a New Atomic Model	91	(7)
The Quantum Model of the Atom	98	(7)
Electron Configurations	105	(18)
Desktop Investigation The Wave Nature of Light: Interference	100	(8)
Great Discoveries The Noble Decade	108	(15)
The Periodic Law
History of the Periodic Table	123	(5)
Electron Configuration and the Periodic Table	128	(12)
Electron Configuration and Periodic Properties	140	(21)
Desktop Investigation Designing Your Own Periodic Table	127	(8)
Chemical Commentary The Wild Kingdom	135	(26)
Chemical Bonding
Introduction to Chemical Bonding	161	(3)
Covalent Bonding and Molecular Compounds	164	(12)
Ionic Bonding and Ionic Compounds	176	(5)
Metallic Bonding	181	(2)
Molecular Geometry	183	(17)
Research Notes Ultrasonic Toxic-Waste Destroyer	166	(34)
UNIT 3 Language of Chemistry	200	(100)
Chemical Formulas and Chemical Compounds
Chemical Names and Formulas	203	(13)
Oxidation Numbers	216	(5)
Using Chemical Formulas	221	(8)
Determining Chemical Formulas	229	(12)
Chemical Commentary Chemistry and Art	220	(21)
Chemical Equations and Reactions
Describing Chemical Reactions	241	(15)
Types of Chemical Reactions	256	(9)
Activity Series of the Elements	265	(10)
Chemical Commentary A Chemical Mystery	255	(9)
Desktop Investigation Balancing Equations Using Models	264	(4)
Research Notes Acid Water---A Hidden Menace	268	(7)
Stoichiometry
Introduction to Stoichiometry	275	(5)
Ideal Stoichiometric Calculations	280	(8)
Limiting Reactants and Percent Yield	288	(12)
Great Discoveries The Case of Combustion	278	(14)
Kitchen Investigation Limiting Reactants in a Recipe	292	(8)
UNIT 4 Phases of Matter	300	(92)
Physical Characteristics of Gases
The Kinetic-Molecular Theory of Matter	303	(5)
Pressure	308	(5)
The Gas Laws	313	(20)
Research Notes Carbon Monoxide Catalyst-Stopping the Silent Killer	307	(26)
Molecular Composition of Gases
Volume-mass Relationships of Gases	333	(7)
The Ideal Gas Law	340	(7)
Stoichiometry of Gases	347	(4)
Effusion and Diffusion	351	(12)
Great Discoveries Chemistry's First Law	338	(15)
Desktop Investigation Diffusion	353	(10)
Liquids and Solids
Liquids	363	(4)
Solids	367	(5)
Changes of State	372	(12)
Water	384	(8)
Research Notes Phase-Change Materials	383	(9)
UNIT 5 Solutions and Their Behavior	392	(116)
Solutions
Types of Mixtures	395	(6)
The Solution Process	401	(11)
Concentration of Solutions	412	(13)
Desktop Investigation Observing Solutions, Suspensions, and Colloids	399	(12)
Research Notes Artificial Blood	411	(14)
Ions in Aqueous Solutions and Colligative Properties
Compounds in Aqueous Solutions	425	(11)
Colligative Properties of Solutions	436	(17)
Great Discoveries The Riddle of Electrolysis	434	(19)
Acids and Bases
Properties of Acids and Bases	453	(11)
Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases	464	(8)
Neutralization Reactions	472	(9)
Desktop Investigation Household Acids and Bases	458	(5)
Chemical Commentary Logic in the Laboratory	463	(18)
Acid-Base Titration and pH
Aqueous Solutions and the Concept of pH	481	(12)
Determining pH and Titrations	493	(15)
Research Notes Liming Streams	492	(4)
Desktop Investigation Testing the pH of Rainwater	496	(12)
UNIT 6 Chemical Reactions	508	(114)
Reaction Energy and Reaction Kinetics
Thermochemistry	511	(15)
Driving Force of Reactions	526	(5)
The Reaction Process	531	(7)
Reaction Rate	538	(15)
Research Notes Self-Heating Meals	525	(20)
Desktop Investigation Factors Influencing Reaction Rate	545	(8)
Chemical Equilibrium
The Nature of Chemical Equilibrium	553	(9)
Shifting Equilibrium	562	(7)
Equilibria of Acids, Bases, and Salts	569	(8)
Solubility Equilibrium	577	(14)
Great Discoveries Fixing the Nitrogen Problem	560	(31)
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
Oxidation and Reduction	591	(6)
Balancing Redox Equations	597	(5)
Oxidizing and Reducing Agents	602	(4)
Electrochemistry	606	(16)
Research Notes Skunk-Spray Remedy	596	(8)
Desktop Investigation Redox Reactions	604	(18)
UNIT 7 Organic and Nuclear Chemistry	622	(104)
Carbon and Hydrocarbons
Abundance and Importance of Carbon	625	(4)
Organic Compounds	629	(5)
Saturated Hydrocarbons	634	(13)
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons	647	(16)
Research Notes Synthetic Diamonds	646	(17)
Other Organic Compounds
Functional Groups and Classes of Organic Compounds	663	(9)
More Classes of Organic Compounds	672	(10)
Organic Reactions	682	(3)
Polymers	685	(16)
Great Discoveries Unraveling the Mystery of DNA	680	(12)
Research Notes High-Barrier Plastics	692	(9)
Nuclear Chemistry
The Nucleus	701	(4)
Radioactive Decay	705	(8)
Nuclear Radiation	713	(4)
Nuclear Fission and Nuclear Fusion	717	(9)
Chemical Commentary The Dating Game	716	(4)
Great Discoveries An Unexpected Finding	720	(6)
Elements Handbook	726	(58)
Group 1 Alkali Metals	728	(6)
Application: Technology
Sodium Vapor Lighting	730	(1)
Application: Health
Electrolyte Balance in the Body	731	(3)
Group 2 Alkaline Earth Metals	734	(6)
Application: Technology
Fireworks	736	(2)
Application: Health
Calcium: An Essential Mineral in the Diet	738	(1)
Magnesium: An Essential Mineral in the Diet	738	(2)
Groups 3-12 Transition Metals	740	(10)
Application: Geology
Gemstones and Color	743	(1)
Application: Technology
Alloys	744	(3)
Application: The Environment
Mercury Poisoning	747	(1)
Application: Health
Elements in the Body	748	(1)
Role of Iron	749	(1)
Group 13 Boron Family	750	(4)
Application: Technology
Aluminum	752	(1)
Aluminum Alloys	753	(1)
Group 14 Carbon Family	754	(16)
Application: Chemical Industry
Carbon and the Reduction of Iron Ore	756	(1)
Carbon Dioxide	757	(1)
Carbon Monoxide	757	(1)
Application: Biochemistry
Carbon Dioxide and Respiration	758	(3)
Macromolecules	761
Application: The Environment
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning	760	(7)
Application: Chemical Industry
Silicon and Silicates	767	(1)
Silicones	767	(1)
Application: Technology
Semiconductors	768	(2)
Group 15 Nitrogen Family	770	(4)
Application: Biology
Plants and Nitrogen	772	(1)
Application: Chemical Industry
Fertilizers	773	(1)
Group 16 Oxygen Family	774	(6)
Application: Chemical Industry
Oxides	776	(2)
Application: The Environment
Ozone	778	(1)
Application: Chemical Industry
Sulfuric Acid	779	(1)
Group 17 Halogen Family	780	(4)
Application: The Environment
Chlorine in Water Treatment	782	(1)
Fluoride and Tooth Decay	783	(1)
Laboratory Experiments	784	(134)
Safety in the Chemistry Laboratory	786	(4)
Pre-Lab Extraction and Filtration	790	(14)
1-1 Mixture Separation	792	(2)
1-2 Water Purification	794	(4)
3-1 Conservation of Mass	798	(3)
4-1 Flame Tests	801	(3)
Pre-Lab Gravimetric Analysis	804	(24)
7-1 Separation of Salts by Fractional Crystallization	806	(4)
7-2 Naming Ionic Compounds	810	(3)
7-3 Determining the Empirical Formula of Magnesium Oxide	813	(3)
9-1 Mass and Mole Relationships in a Chemical Reaction	816	(3)
9-2 Stoichiometry and Gravimetric Analysis	819	(3)
12-1 ``Wet'' Dry Ice	822	(2)
12-2 Measuring the Triple Point Pressure of CO2	824	(4)
Pre-Lab Paper Chromatography	828	(14)
13-1 Separations of Pen Inks by Paper Chromatography	830	(4)
13-2 Colorimetry and Molarity	834	(4)
14-1 Testing Water	838	(4)
Pre-Lab Volumetric Analysis	842	(16)
16-1 How Much Calcium Carbonate Is in an Eggshell?	844	(4)
16-2 Investigating Overwrite Marking Pens	848	(3)
16-3 Is It an Acid or a Base?	851	(7)
16-4 Percentage of Acetic Acid in Vinegar
Pre-Lab Calorimetry	858	(36)
17-1 Measuring the Specific Heats of Metals	860	(4)
17-2 Calorimetry and Hess's Law	864	(4)
17-3 Rate of a Chemical Reaction	868	(3)
18-1 Equilibrium Expression	871	(4)
18-2 Measuring Ka for Acetic Acid	875	(3)
19-1 Blueprint Paper	878	(3)
19-2 Reduction of Manganese in Permanganate Ion	881	(3)
21-1 Acid Catalyzed Iodination of Acetone	884	(4)
21-2 Casein Glue	888	(3)
21-3 Polymers and Toy Balls	891	(3)
Reference Section	894	(24)
Appendix A: Reference Table	894	(10)
Appendix B: Concept Mapping	904	(4)
Glossary	908	(10)
Index	918