MPSL BB WEB STU ACC STRUGGLE FOR DEMOCRACY HARDCOVER, 7/e

by GREENBERG

• ISBN13: 9780321243522
• ISBN10: 0321243528
• Edition: 7th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2005-01-01
• Publisher: PEARSON

Table of Contents

Preface	xiv
Part One Introduction: Main Themes	1	(22)
Democracy and American Politics	2	(21)
Robert Moses and the Struggle for African American Voting Rights	3	(1)
Democracy	4	(12)
The Democratic Idea	5	(1)
Direct Versus Representative Government	6	(1)
Fundamental Principles of Representative Democracy	7	(3)
By the Numbers Is Voting Turnout Declining in the United States?	10	(3)
Objections to Majoritarian Representative Democracy	13	(2)
Democracy as an Evaluative Standard: How Democratic Are We?	15	(1)
A Framework for Understanding How American Politics Works	16	(7)
Organizing the Main Factors of Political Life	16	(1)
Connecting the Main Factors of Political Life	17	(2)
Understanding American Politics Holistically	19	(1)
Using the Framework The Voting Rights Act	20	(3)
Part Two Structure	23	(90)
The Constitution	24	(26)
Shays's Rebellion	25	(1)
Thinking Critically About This Chapter	26	(1)
The Political Theory of the Revolutionary Era	26	(3)
The Declaration of Independence	27	(2)
The Articles of Confederation: The First Constitution	29	(1)
Provisions of the Articles	29	(1)
Shortcomings of the Articles	30	(1)
Factors Leading to the Constitutional Convention	30	(3)
The Republican Beliefs of the Founders	31	(1)
Why the Founders Were Worried	32	(1)
The Constitutional Convention	33	(10)
Who Were the Framers?	33	(2)
Consensus and Conflict at the Convention	35	(3)
Using the Framework Slavery in the Constitution	38	(1)
What the Framers Created	39	(4)
The Struggle to Ratify the Constitution	43	(2)
The Changing Constitution, Democracy, and American Politics	45	(5)
How Democratic Are We? A Republic or a Democracy?	46	(4)
Federalism: States and Nation	50	(32)
State Attorneys-General Stretch the Boundaries	51	(1)
Thinking Critically About This Chapter	52	(1)
Federalism as a System of Government	52	(3)
The Nature of Federalism	53	(1)
The Roots of Federalism	53	(2)
Federalism in the Constitution	55	(4)
Independent State Powers	55	(1)
The States' Roles in National Government	55	(1)
The Rise of Partisan Conflict Texas Legislators on the Lam	56	(1)
Relations Among the States	57	(2)
The Evolution of American Federalism	59	(9)
The Perpetual Debate About the Nature of American Federalism	60	(1)
Federalism Before the Civil War	61	(2)
The Civil War and the Expansion of National Power	63	(1)
Expanded National Activity Since the Civil War	64	(4)
National Grants-in-Aid to the States	68	(6)
Origin and Growth of Grants	69	(1)
Categorical Grants	70	(1)
Block Grants and Revenue Sharing	70	(1)
Debates About Federal Money and Control	71	(1)
By the Numbers How Do We Know How Many People There Are in Each of the States?	72	(2)
U.S. Federalism: Pro and Con	74	(8)
Using the Framework Out-of-State Tuition	75	(2)
What Sort of Federalism?	77	(1)
How Democratic Are We? Federalism, Majority Rule, and Political Equality	78	(4)
The Structural Foundations of American Government and Politics	82	(31)
``B-1 Bob'' Learns About His District	83	(1)
Thinking Critically About This Chapter	84	(1)
American Society: How It Has Changed and Why It Matters	84	(13)
Growing Diversity	84	(4)
Changing Location	88	(1)
Changing Jobs and Occupations	89	(2)
Income, Wealth, and Poverty	91	(1)
By the Numbers How Well Is the American Economy Performing?	92	(3)
Using the Framework The Persistence of Poverty	95	(2)
The American Economy	97	(3)
The Triumph of the Industrial Corporation	97	(1)
The Temporary Fall from Grace	98	(1)
Globalization and the American Economy	98	(2)
The United States in the International System	100	(3)
The United States as a Superpower I	100	(2)
The United States as a Superpower II	102	(1)
The Foundational Beliefs of American Political Culture	103	(6)
Individualism	103	(1)
Private Property and Private Enterprise	104	(1)
Distrust of Government	105	(1)
Citizenship and the Nature of the Political Order	106	(1)
Populism	106	(1)
Piety	107	(1)
How Democratic Are We? Is Real Democracy Possible in the United States?	108	(1)
Structural Influences on American Politics	109	(4)
Part Three Political Linkage	113	(196)
Public Opinion	114	(38)
The Vietnam War and the Public	115	(1)
Thinking Critically About This Chapter	116	(1)
Democracy and Public Opinion	117	(1)
Measuring Public Opinion	118	(2)
Public Opinion Polls	118	(1)
Traditional and Emerging Problems in Political Polling	119	(1)
Learning Political Beliefs and Attitudes	120	(4)
Agents of Socialization	121	(1)
By the Numbers Do Americans Support Stem Cell Research? How Do We Know Which Survey to Believe?	122	(2)
How People Differ	124	(8)
Race and Ethnicity	124	(3)
Religion	127	(1)
Region	128	(1)
Social Class	129	(1)
Education	130	(1)
Gender	130	(1)
Age	131	(1)
Are the People Fit to Rule?	132	(1)
What People Know About Politics	132	(2)
The Content of Collective Public Opinion	134	(11)
The System in General	134	(2)
Government Performance	136	(1)
Party Identification	137	(2)
Government's Role	139	(1)
Policy Preferences	139	(1)
The Rise of Partisan Conflict Evenly Divided and Increasingly Polarized	140	(4)
Using the Framework Why So Little Gun Control?	144	(1)
The Peoples' ``Fitness to Rule'' Revisited	145	(1)
Is Government Responsive to Public Opinion?	145	(7)
``Yes, It Is''	146	(1)
``No, It's Not''	146	(1)
How Democratic Are We? The Influence of Public Opinion on American Government	147	(5)
The News Media	152	(34)
News Media Coverage of the War and Occupation in Iraq	153	(1)
Thinking Critically About This Chapter	154	(1)
Roles of the News Media in Democracy	154	(2)
Watchdog Over Government	155	(1)
Clarifying Electoral Choices	155	(1)
Providing Policy Information	156	(1)
The Media Landscape	156	(6)
Newspapers	156	(2)
Magazines	158	(1)
Radio	158	(1)
Television	158	(1)
The Internet	158	(2)
By the Numbers How Much Serious Crime Is There in the United States?	160	(2)
How the Media Work	162	(13)
Organization of the News Media	162	(3)
Political Newsmaking	165	(4)
Interpreting	169	(1)
Is the News Biased?	170	(2)
Prevailing Themes in Political News	172	(2)
Using the Framework Monica All the Time	174	(1)
Effects of the News Media on Politics	175	(3)
Agenda Setting	176	(1)
Framing and Effects on Policy Preferences	176	(1)
Affecting Policymaking	177	(1)
Fueling Cynicism	177	(1)
Government Regulation of the Media	178	(8)
Print Media	178	(2)
The Electronic Media	180	(1)
The Internet	181	(2)
How Democratic Are We? The Media and Democratic Citizenship	183	(3)
Interest Groups and Business Corporations	186	(30)
The Energy Industry Pushes and Energy Bill	187	(1)
Thinking Critically About This Chapter	188	(1)
Interest Groups in a Democratic Society: Contrasting Views	188	(2)
The Evils of Factions	188	(1)
Interest Group Democracy: The Pluralist Argument	189	(1)
Interest Group Formation: Structural, Political Linkage, and Governmental Factors	190	(3)
Diverse Interests	191	(1)
Rules of the Game	191	(1)
The Growth in Government	191	(1)
Disturbances	192	(1)
Incentives	192	(1)
What Interests Are Represented	193	(3)
Private Interest Groups	194	(1)
Public Interest Groups	195	(1)
What Interest Groups Do	196	(5)
The Inside Game	196	(3)
The Outside Game	199	(2)
Possible Flaws in the Pluralist Heaven	201	(7)
Representational Inequalities	201	(1)
Resource Inequalities	201	(1)
By the Numbers Is There a Reliable Way to Evaluate the Performance of Our Representatives in Congress?	202	(2)
Using the Framework Prescription Drugs Under Medicare	204	(4)
Access Inequality	208	(1)
The Special Place of Business Corporations	208	(3)
Curing the Mischief of Factions	211	(5)
How Democratic Are We? Interest Groups and American Politics	212	(4)
Social Movements	216	(22)
Women Win the Right to Vote	217	(1)
Thinking Critically About This Chapter	218	(1)
What Are Social Movements?	219	(1)
Major Social Movements in the United States	220	(3)
Social Movements in a Majoritarian Democracy	223	(2)
Encouraging Participation	223	(1)
Overcoming Political Inequality	223	(1)
Creating New Majorities	223	(1)
Overcoming Gridlock	224	(1)
Factors That Encourage the Creation of Social Movements	225	(4)
The Existence of Social Distress	225	(1)
Availability of Resources for Mobilization	226	(1)
A Supportive Environment	227	(1)
A Sense of Efficacy Among Participants	228	(1)
A Spark to Set Off the Flames	229	(1)
Tactics of Social Movements	229	(2)
Why Some Movements Succeed and Others Do Not	231	(7)
Low-Impact Social Movements	231	(1)
Repressed Social Movements	232	(1)
Partially Successful Social Movements	232	(1)
Using the Framework ``Don't Ask, Don't Tell''	233	(1)
Successful Social Movements	234	(2)
How Democratic Are We? Social Movements and American Politics	236	(2)
Political Parties	238	(30)
New Competition for the Party Campaign Machine	239	(1)
Thinking Critically About This Chapter	240	(1)
The Role of Political Parties in a Democracy	241	(1)
History of the Two-Party System	242	(5)
The First Party System: Federalists Versus Democratic Republicans	243	(1)
The Second Party System: Democrats Versus Whigs	243	(1)
From the Civil War to 1896: Republicans and Democrats in Balance	244	(1)
The Party System of 1896: Republican Dominance	245	(1)
The New Deal Party System: Democratic Party Dominance	245	(1)
The Sixth Party System: Dealignment and Parity	246	(1)
Why a Two-Party System?	247	(2)
Electoral Rules	249
Restrictions on Minor Parties	00	(249)
Absence of a Strong Labor Movement	249	(1)
The Role of Minor Parties in the Two-Party System	249	(4)
By the Numbers Does Population Movement and Change Affect the Electoral Fortunes of the Parties?	250	(3)
The Parties as Organizations	253	(9)
The Ambiguous Nature of American Political Parties	253	(1)
The Organization of American Political Parties	254	(2)
The Primacy of Candidates	256	(2)
The Rise of Partisan Conflict Democrats Insist Republicans Pull Bush Ad	258	(1)
Ideology and Program	258	(4)
The Parties in Government and in the Electorate	262	(1)
The Problem of Divided Government	262	(4)
Using the Framework Gridlock	265	(1)
How Democratic Are We? Political Parties and Responsive Government	265	(1)
Parties in the Electorate	266	(2)
Participation, Voting, and Elections	268	(41)
Bush Wins the 2004 Presidential Election	269	(1)
Thinking Critically About This Chapter	270	(1)
Elections and Democracy	271	(4)
The Prospective (or Responsible Party) Voting Model	271	(1)
The Electoral Competition Voting Model	272	(1)
The Retrospective (or Reward and Punishment) Voting Model	273	(1)
Imperfect Electoral Democracy	274	(1)
The Nature of American Elections	275	(3)
Using the Framework Elections Bring the New Deal	276	(2)
Political Participation	278	(6)
Expansion of the Franchise	278	(3)
Low Voting Turnout	281	(3)
Who Participates?	284	(3)
Income and Education	284	(1)
Race and Ethnicity	285	(1)
Age	286	(1)
Gender	287	(1)
Does It Matter Who Votes?	287	(1)
Campaigning for Office	287	(11)
Contending for the Party Presidential Nomination	287	(6)
The Autumn Campaign	293	(3)
Money and Elections	296	(2)
Election Outcomes	298	(11)
How Voters Decide	298	(4)
The Impact of Campaigns	302	(1)
The Electoral College	302	(2)
By the Numbers Did George W. Bush Really Win the 2000 Presidential Vote in Florida?	304	(2)
How Democratic Are We? Do Elections Matter?	306	(3)
Part Four Government and Governing	309	(140)
Congress	310	(42)
The Dynamics and Consequences of the 2004 Congressional Elections	311	(1)
Thinking Critically About This Chapter	312	(1)
Constitutional Foundations of the Modern Congress	313	(2)
Empowering Congress	313	(1)
Constraining Congress	313	(1)
Bicameralism and Representation	313	(1)
Federalism	314	(1)
Representation and Democracy	315	(14)
Style of Representation	315	(1)
Race, Gender, and Occupation in Congress	316	(2)
The Electoral Connection	318	(4)
By the Numbers Can Congressional Districts Be Drawn to Include Equal Numbers of Voters Yet Favor One Party Over the Other?	322	(5)
Using the Framework Campaign Finance Reform	327	(2)
How Congress Works	329	(17)
Political Parties in Congress	330	(2)
The Rise of Partisan Conflict Republican and Democratic Panel Leaders Take Feud to the Senate Floor	332	(2)
Congressional Leadership	334	(2)
Congressional Committees	336	(4)
Rules and Norms in the House and Senate	340	(2)
Legislative Responsibilities: How a Bill Becomes a Law	342	(3)
Legislative oversight of the Executive Branch	345	(1)
Congress, Public Policy, and the American People	346	(6)
Congress as a Policymaker	346	(2)
How Democratic Are We? Is Congress Out of Touch?	348	(1)
Congress and the American People	349	(3)
The Presidency	352	(36)
The War Presidency of George W. Bush	353	(1)
Thinking Critically About This Chapter	354	(1)
The Expanding Presidency	355	(5)
The Earliest and Latest Presidencies Compared	355	(1)
The Founders' Conception of the Presidency	355	(1)
The Dormant Presidency	356	(1)
The Twentieth-Century Transformation	357	(3)
How Important Are Individual Presidents?	360	(1)
The Powers and Roles of the President	360	(6)
Ceremonial Responsibilities	360	(1)
Domestic Policy Leader	361	(2)
Foreign Policy and Military Leader	363	(3)
The President's Staff and Cabinet	366	(4)
The White House Staff	366	(1)
The Executive Office of the President	367	(1)
The Vice Presidency	368	(1)
The Cabinet	369	(1)
The President and the Bureaucracy	370	(2)
Giving Orders	371	(1)
Persuasion	371	(1)
The President and Congress: Perpetual Tug-of-War	372	(5)
Conflict by Constitutional Design	372	(1)
What Makes a President Successful with Congress?	373	(3)
The Rise of Partisan Conflict Writer Says, ``He Hates Everything About Bush''	376	(1)
The President and the People: An Evolving Relationship	377	(5)
Getting Closer to the People	377	(2)
Leading Public Opinion	379	(1)
Responding to the Public	380	(1)
Presidential Popularity	381	(1)
The Influence of Interest Groups, Political Parties, and Social Movements on the Presidency	382	(1)
Structural Influences on the Presidency	383	(5)
The International System	383	(1)
Using the Framework Clinton and Free Trade	384	(1)
How Democratic Are We? Presidents and the American People	385	(1)
The Economy	386	(2)
The Federal Bureaucracy	388	(30)
The Return of Big Government After 9/11	389	(1)
Thinking Critically About This Chapter	390	(1)
A Comparative View of the American Bureaucracy	390	(1)
Hostile Political Culture	391	(1)
Incoherent Organization	391	(1)
Divided Control	391	(1)
Transformation of the Bureaucracy	391	(4)
Late Nineteenth- and Early Twentieth-Century Changes	392	(1)
The Corporation and the Progressives	392	(1)
The Great Depression	392	(1)
World War II and Its Aftermath	393	(1)
The Regulatory State	393	(1)
Devolution and Rollback	394	(1)
The War on Terrorism	395	(1)
How the Executive Branch Is Organized	395	(4)
By the Numbers How Big Is the Federal Government? Is It Really Shrinking, as Some People Say?	396	(3)
What Do Bureaucrats Do?	399	(1)
Executing the Law	399	(1)
Regulating (Rule Making)	400	(1)
Adjudicating	400	(1)
Who Are the Bureaucrats?	400	(6)
Using the Framework Bureaucratic Rule Making	401	(1)
The Merit Services	402	(2)
Political Appointees	404	(2)
Political and Governmental Influences on Bureaucratic Behavior	406	(5)
The Public	407	(1)
Interest Groups	407	(1)
The President	407	(2)
Congress	409	(2)
Reforming the Federal Bureaucracy	411	(7)
Scaling Back Its Size	411	(1)
Reinventing Government	412	(1)
Protecting Against Bureaucratic Abuses of Power	413	(1)
Increasing Presidential Control	413	(1)
How Democratic Are We? The Bureaucracy and Democracy	414	(4)
The Courts	418	(31)
The Supreme Court Stops the Florida Recount	419	(1)
Thinking Critically About This Chapter	420	(1)
The Structural Context of Court Behavior	421	(2)
Constitutional Powers	421	(1)
The Power of Judicial Review	421	(2)
The U.S. Court System: Organization and Jurisdiction	423	(5)
Constitutional Provisions	423	(2)
Federal District Courts	425	(1)
U.S. Courts of Appeal	425	(1)
The Supreme Court	426	(2)
Appointment to the Federal Bench	428	(4)
Who Are the Appointees?	428	(1)
The Appointment Process	428	(2)
The Rise of Partisan Conflict Senate Fails to Overcome Democratic Filibusters on Bush Judicial Nominations	430	(2)
The Supreme Court in Action	432	(4)
Controlling the Agenda	433	(1)
Deciding Cases	434	(2)
The Supreme Court as a National Policymaker	436	(7)
Structural Change and Constitutional Interpretation	436	(4)
Using the Framework Japanese American Internment	440	(1)
The Debate Over Judicial Activism	441	(2)
Outside Influences on the Court	443	(6)
Governmental Factors	443	(1)
Political Linkage Factors	444	(2)
How Democratic Are We? Is the Supreme Court a Democratic or Nondemocratic Institution?	446	(3)
Part Five What Government Does	449
Freedom: The Struggle for Civil Liberties	450	(28)
Campus Speech Codes and Free Speech	451	(1)
Thinking Critically About This Chapter	452	(1)
Civil Liberties in the Constitution	452	(2)
Rights and Liberties in the Nineteenth Century	454	(2)
Economic Liberty in the Early Republic	454	(1)
Economic Liberty After the Civil War	455	(1)
Nationalization of the Bill of Rights	456	(17)
Selective Incorporation	456	(1)
Standards for Incorporation	456	(1)
Freedom of Speech	457	(4)
Freedom of the Press	461	(2)
Free Exercise of Religion	463	(1)
Establishment of Religion	463	(3)
Privacy	466	(1)
Rights of the Accused	467	(4)
Using the Framework The Death Penalty	471	(2)
Civil Liberties and the War on Terrorism	473	(5)
How Democratic Are We? Civil Liberties and Democracy	476	(2)
Civil Rights: The Struggle for Political Equality	478	(26)
The Return of Segregated Schools	479	(1)
Thinking Critically About This Chapter	480	(1)
Civil Rights Before the Twentieth Century	480	(5)
An Initial Absence of Civil Rights	480	(1)
The Civil War Amendments	481	(4)
The Contemporary Status of Civil Rights for Racial Minorities	485	(8)
Ending Government-Sponsored Separation and Discrimination	486	(1)
Affirmative Action	487	(4)
Using the Framework Affirmative Action	491	(2)
The Contemporary Status of Civil Rights for Women	493	(4)
Intermediate Scrutiny	493	(2)
Abortion Rights	495	(1)
Sexual Harassment	496	(1)
Broadening the Civil Rights Umbrella	497	(7)
The Elderly and the Disabled	497	(1)
Gays and Lesbians	498	(3)
How Democratic Are We? Civil Rights in the United States	501	(3)
Domestic Policy: The Economy and Social Welfare	504	(32)
Whatever Happened to the Budget Surplus?	505	(1)
Thinking Critically About This Chapter	506	(1)
Why Government Is Involved in the Economy and Social Welfare	507	(1)
Economic Management	507	(1)
Social Welfare	508	(1)
Economic Policy	508	(3)
The Goals of Economic Policy	508	(1)
The Tools of Macroeconomic Policy	509	(2)
The Federal Budget and Fiscal Policy	511	(9)
Spending, Taxes, and Debt	511	(1)
The Rise of Partisan Conflict Spending Like Drunken Sailors: Bush Spending Surplus on Tax Cut Binge	512	(5)
Regulation	517	(3)
Social Welfare	520	(16)
Outline of the American Welfare State	520	(1)
Social Security and Other Social Insurance Programs	521	(2)
Means-Tested Programs (Welfare)	523	(1)
By the Numbers How Many Americans Are Poor?	524	(4)
Using the Framework Welfare Reform	528	(1)
How the American Welfare State Compares with Others	529	(2)
Why the American Welfare State Is Different	531	(1)
How Democratic Are We? Economic and Social Policy and the American People	532	(4)
Foreign Policy and National Defense	536
Unilateralism or Multilateralism?	537	(1)
Thinking Critically About This Chapter	538	(1)
Foreign Policy and Democracy: A Contradiction in Terms?	539	(1)
The Superpower Status of the United States	540	(8)
The Collapse of the Soviet Union and the Warsaw Pact	540	(1)
The Structural Bases of American Superpower Status	541	(1)
By the Numbers How Many Voting-Eligible Americans Live Abroad?	542	(6)
Problems of the Post--Cold War World	548	(9)
New Security Issues	550	(3)
Economic and Social Dilemmas	553	(4)
Who Makes Foreign Policy?	557
The President and the Executive Branch	558	(3)
Congress	561	(1)
The Rise of Partisan Conflict The President and His Senior Aides Began the March to War in Iraq in the Earliest Days of the Administration, Long Before the Terrorist Struck the Nation on 9/11	562	(1)
Public Opinion and the News Media	562	(2)
Corporations, Interest Groups, and Social Movements	564	(1)
Using the Framework Air War in Kosovo	565	(1)
How Democratic Are We? The American Public and the Making of Foreign Policy	566
Appendix
The Declaration of Independence	2	(2)
The Constitution of the United States	4	(9)
The Federalist Papers, Nos. 10, 51, and 78	13	(7)
Presidents and Congresses, 1789--2009	20	(4)
Chief Justices of the Supreme Court, 1789--2005	24
Glossary	1	(1)
Endnotes	1	(1)
Credits	1	(1)
Index	1