Nanocasting

by Lu, An-hui; Zhao, Dongyuan; Wan, Ying

• ISBN13: 9780854041886
• ISBN10: 0854041885
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2009-12-01
• Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry

Summary

This book focuses on the synthesis of porous solids from the viewpoint of methodology and introduces the science of nanocasting from fundamental principles to their use in synthesis of various materials. It starts by outlining the principles of nanocasting, requirements to the templates and precursors and the tools needed to probe matter at the nanoscale level. It describes how to synthesize nano structured porous solids with defined characteristics and finally discusses the functionalization and application of porous solids. Special attention is given to new developments in this field and future perspectives. Topics covered include inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, solution chemistry, sol-gel and interface science, acid-base equilibria, electrochemistry, biochemistry and confined synthesis.

Table of Contents

Principles of Nanocasting	p. 1
Nanocasting Concept	p. 1
Hard Templates: Ordered Mesoporous Materials	p. 3
Synthesis of Mesoporous Materials	p. 4
Ordered Mesoporous Materials Prepared from Soft-templating	p. 4
Formation Mechanism	p. 6
Typical Ordered Mesoporous Silicas	p. 8
Overview of Mesoporous Replicas from the Nanocasting Process	p. 11
The Differences between Soft-templating and the Nanocasting Process	p. 12
Methodologies	p. 12
Structures	p. 13
Products	p. 14
The Nanocasting Process	p. 15
General Principle	p. 15
Templates	p. 15
Precursors	p. 19
Solvents	p. 22
Processing	p. 23
Methods for Removing Templates	p. 28
Analysis and Characterization Methods for Nanocast Mesoporous Solids	p. 28
XRD	p. 29
TEM	p. 32
SEM	p. 33
Physical Sorption	p. 34
References	p. 37
Micro-, Meso-, Macroporous Nanocast Carbons	p. 45
Introduction of Porous Carbons	p. 45
Definitions Concerning Porous Carbons	p. 45
Preparation Methods for Porous Carbons	p. 47
Nanocast Microporous Carbons	p. 50
Microporous Carbons Synthesized by Conventional Methods	p. 51
Nanocast Microporous Carbons	p. 54
Nanocast Mesoporous Carbons	p. 62
Mesoporous Carbons Prepared by Conventional Methods	p. 63
Nanocast Disordered Mesoporous Carbons	p. 65
Nanocast Ordered Mesoporous Carbons	p. 72
Nanocast Macroporous Carbons	p. 82
General Principle to Nanocast Macroporous Carbons	p. 82
Nanocast Macroporous Carbons with Large Surface Area and Large Pore Volume	p. 84
References	p. 88
Morphology and Crystallinity Control of Nanocast Carbons	p. 95
Morphology Control of Nanocast Carbons	p. 95
Sphere	p. 96
Rod	p. 102
Thin film	p. 104
Monolith	p. 105
Others	p. 115
Crystallinity Control of Nanocast Carbons	p. 115
References	p. 125
Nanocast Mesoporous Metal Oxides, Sulfides, Carbides and Polymers	p. 129
Nanocast Metal Oxides	p. 130
Mesoporous Silica Hard Template	p. 130
Precursors and Filling Methods	p. 140
Nanocast Metals	p. 147
Nanocast Metal Sulfides	p. 152
Two-precursors Nanocasting	p. 153
Atmosphere-assisted in situ Transformation	p. 154
Special Precursor	p. 155
Nanocast Mesoporous Non-oxide Ceramics	p. 157
Silicon Carbides	p. 158
Mesoporous SiN	p. 159
Mesoporous Metal Nitrides	p. 160
Others	p. 166
Mesoporous Polymers	p. 166
References	p. 173
Repeat Nanocasting to Create Zeolites, Mesoporous Silicas, Metal Oxides and Nitrides	p. 177
Silicas and Zeolites Prepared by Repeat Nanocasting	p. 178
Nanocast Silicas	p. 178
Nanocast Zeolites	p. 180
Metal Oxides Prepared by Repeat Nanocasting	p. 182
Ordered Mesoporous MgO	p. 182
Ordered Mesoporous Al2O3	p. 185
Ordered Mesoporous CeO2	p. 188
Ordered Mesoporous ZnO	p. 190
Ordered Mesoporous CuO	p. 192
Ordered Mesoporous Ceramics Prepared by Repeat Nanocasting	p. 193
Ordered Mesoporous Boron Nitrides	p. 193
Mesoporous SiC-based Ceramics	p. 195
Mesoporous SiN Ceramics	p. 199
Mesoporous Oxide Spheres	p. 200
References	p. 203
Functionalization and Application of Nanocast Porous Solids	p. 208
General Strategies for the Functionalization of Porous Solids	p. 208
Pre-treatment	p. 209
Post-treatment	p. 210
Functionalization of Nanocast Porous Solids	p. 215
Magnetic Functionalization	p. 216
Introduction of Catalytically Active Metal Species	p. 217
Oxidation of Nanocast Porous Carbons	p. 223
Introduction of Nitrogen-containing Groups	p. 223
Fluorination of Nanocast Porous Carbons	p. 224
Introduction of Organic Functional Groups	p. 226
Application of Nanocast Porous Solids	p. 228
Energy Storage and Conversion	p. 228
Catalysis	p. 233
Adsorption and Separation	p. 235
Gas Storage	p. 237
Application in Other Fields	p. 237
References	p. 239
Appendix	p. 246
Synthesis of MCM-41	p. 246
Synthesis of SBA-3	p. 247
Synthesis of MCM-48	p. 247
Synthesis of SB A-15	p. 248
Synthesis FDU-12	p. 248
Synthesis of KIT-6	p. 249
Synthesis of Latex Spheres	p. 249
SiO2 Colloidal Spheres	p. 251
Nanocast CMK-3 and CMK-5 carbons	p. 251
Synthesis of Mesoporous Co3O4 Replica	p. 252
Synthesis of ¿-Fe2O3	p. 252
Synthesis of Mesoporous Co3O4, NiO, CeO2 and Cr2O3 by a Non-solvent Impregnation Route	p. 253
Subject Index	p. 254
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