National Security for a New Era

by Snow, Donald M.

• ISBN13: 9780205779031
• ISBN10: 0205779034
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2010-01-28
• Publisher: Pearson

Summary

In this new edition ofNational Security in a New Era, renowned security scholar Donald M. Snow continues to provide the most up-to-date and comprehensive analysis of the United Statesrs" national security situation and the security policies the U.S. adopts. This text examines national security from two fundamental fault lines-the end of the Cold War and the 9/11 terrorist attacks-and considers how the resulting era of globalization and geopolitics guides policy. Placing this trend in conceptual and historical context and following it through military, semi-military, and non-military concerns,National Security in a New Eratreats its subject as a nuanced and subtle phenomenon that encompasses everything from the nation to the individual.

Author Biography

In this new edition of National Security in a New Era, renowned security scholar Donald M. Snow continues to provide the most up-to-date and comprehensive analysis of the United States' national security situation and the security policies the U.S. adopts. This text examines national security from two fundamental fault lines-the end of the Cold War and the 9/11 terrorist attacks-and considers how the resulting era of globalization and geopolitics guides policy. Placing this trend in conceptual and historical context and following it through military, semi-military, and non-military concerns, National Security in a New Era treats its subject as a nuanced and subtle phenomenon that encompasses everything from the nation to the individual.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. ix
Conceptual Context	p. 1
The Changing Problem of National Security	p. 3
Preview	p. 3
The Nature of Change	p. 5
How Much Has Changed?	p. 6
New Dynamics in the Environment	p. 7
CHALLENGE! Your Own Personal Inventory	p. 16
Obama's (Potential) Dramas	p. 16
Conclusion: Where from Here?	p. 18
Study/Discussion Questions	p. 18
Selected Bibliography	p. 19
The Realist Paradigm	p. 21
Preview	p. 21
Realism and the Realist Paradigm	p. 24
Basic Concepts and Relationships	p. 25
Sovereignty	p. 26
Vital Interests	p. 27
Finding the Boundary Between Vital and Less-than-Vital Interests in Iran	p. 29
Power Politics	p. 30
Measuring Power	p. 31
Paradigm Implications	p. 33
Critiques and Anomalies of the Realist Paradigm	p. 35
Critiques	p. 35
Realists, Neoconservatives, and the Iraq War	p. 38
Anomalies	p. 39
CHALLENGE! Obama, the ICC, and Bush "War Crimes"?	p. 40
Conclusion: The Realist Paradigm Today	p. 41
Study/Discussion Questions	p. 43
Selected Bibliography	p. 44
Security, Interests, and Power	p. 45
Preview	p. 45
Thinking About Security	p. 47
Military and Nonmilitary Elements of Security	p. 47
CHALLENGE! Defining Terrorism as a Security Threat	p. 49
Israel, Syria, the Golan Heights, and Water	p. 50
Levels of Security	p. 51
Risk and Risk Management	p. 54
What Should the United States Do About North Korea?	p. 54
Thinking About Interests	p. 56
Levels of Interests	p. 57
Vital and Less-than-Vital Interests and Afghanistan	p. 60
Security and Interests in the Contemporary Environment	p. 61
Applying Instruments of Power	p. 62
Using the Instruments	p. 62
The Contemporary Balance of Instruments of Power	p. 64
Conclusion: The Changing Nature of Influence	p. 65
Study/Discussion Questions	p. 67
Selected Bibliography	p. 67
The American Experience	p. 69
Preview	p. 69
Conditioning Factors in the American Tradition	p. 70
American Ahistoricism	p. 70
Accident of Geography	p. 72
The Anglo-Saxon Heritage	p. 73
Dealing with Dependence on Persian Gulf Oil	p. 74
Evolution of the American Experience	p. 75
The Formative Period, 1789-1945	p. 76
Antimilitary Bias	p. 77
The Citizen-Soldier	p. 78
Myth of Invincibility	p. 79
Mobilization and Demobilization	p. 80
Total War Preference	p. 80
Readiness and Pearl Harbor	p. 81
The Cold War, 1945-1989	p. 82
The Role of the Media	p. 85
The Impact of Democratic Institutions	p. 86
The Media and the Iraq War	p. 87
Professionalization of the Military	p. 88
CONCLUSION: The Contemporary Period, 1989 to the Present	p. 89
CHALLENGE! How Much Has Changed?	p. 90
Study/Discussion Questions	p. 91
Selected Bibliography	p. 91
The Domestic Environment	p. 93
Preview	p. 93
Extremism in the Defense of Liberty	p. 95
The Historical Domestic Context	p. 96
The Structure of Domestic Politics	p. 100
The Executive Branch	p. 101
The President, the Constitution, and National Security	p. 102
The Congress	p. 108
The Congress, the Constitution, and National Security	p. 108
Applications: The Homeland Security Response to the Environment	p. 115
The Department of Homeland Security	p. 116
Background and Evolution	p. 116
The Homeland Security Response to September 11	p. 118
Ongoing Problems and Controversies	p. 121
CHALLENGE! The "Angry Librarians" and Civil Liberties	p. 123
Conclusion: The Environment Since September 11, 2001	p. 124
Study/Discussion Questions	p. 125
Selected Bibliography	p. 125
Historical Context	p. 127
Fault Lines	p. 129
Preview	p. 129
The First Fault Line: The World After the Cold War	p. 132
Russian Resurgence?	p. 134
Undeniable Benefits	p. 135
Debatable Changes	p. 136
The Second Fault Line: The World After September 11	p. 140
The Rules of War: Who Is a POW?	p. 143
Toward the New International System?	p. 145
Paradigm Choices	p. 146
The American Role in the New World System	p. 147
The Post-9/11 Era?	p. 150
Conclusion: The Continuing Role of Force	p. 151
Study/Discussion Questions	p. 153
Selected Bibliography	p. 154
The Nature and End of the Cold War	p. 155
Preview	p. 155
The Cold War System	p. 157
Characteristics	p. 159
Better Dead than Red? Better Red than Dead?	p. 160
Sources of Change	p. 162
Forms of Military Competition	p. 163
Conventional Forces	p. 165
Nuclear Forces	p. 166
The Capitalist Bomb	p. 168
Deadlock of the Competition	p. 169
The Economic Dimension	p. 169
The Military Dimension	p. 171
Convergence	p. 172
Cold War Residues	p. 174
Russia and the Successor States	p. 174
Chechnya and the Pipeline	p. 176
Russian Resurgence	p. 177
CHALLENGE! What Kind of Russia?	p. 179
Conclusion: The End of the Cold War in Perspective	p. 179
Study/Discussion Questions	p. 180
Selected Bibliography	p. 180
Globalization and Beyond	p. 182
Preview	p. 182
The Bretton Woods System, 1945-1971	p. 184
The Setting	p. 184
The Bretton Woods Institutions	p. 185
The ITO and the Anti-Free Traders	p. 187
The Breakdown of Bretton Woods	p. 188
The Transitional Period, 1971-1990	p. 190
American Decline	p. 190
American Revival	p. 191
The Globalizing Economy, 1990-Present	p. 192
Characteristics and Values	p. 193
Objections to Globalization	p. 196
The Rejectionists	p. 199
The United States in a Multipolar Economic Environment	p. 200
New Additions to the National Security Agenda	p. 200
Conclusion: Globalization and Other Factors in American Security	p. 206
CHALLENGE! Other National Security Challenges?	p. 208
Study/Discussion Questions	p. 208
Selected Bibliography	p. 209
Legacies of 9/11	p. 211
Preview	p. 211
Defining Terrorism	p. 214
Terrorist Acts	p. 215
Terrorist Targets	p. 217
Terrorist Objectives	p. 219
The United States-Al Qaeda Standoff?	p. 221
Perspectives on and Causes of Terrorism	p. 221
Three Perspectives	p. 222
Three Causes	p. 223
Profiling Suicide Terrorists	p. 226
Terrorism Since September 11	p. 227
Other Legacies	p. 229
The Problem of Torture	p. 230
Pakistan and the Law of Unintended Consequences	p. 234
Conclusion: Terrorism, Torture, and Unintended Consequences	p. 237
CHALLENGE! Terrorism and You!	p. 239
Study/Discussion Questions	p. 240
Selected Bibliography	p. 241
Ongoing Military Problems	p. 243
Preview	p. 243
Nuclear Forces and Deterrence	p. 245
Seminal Events of the Nuclear Age	p. 245
Theories of Deterrence	p. 248
Nuclear Residues	p. 250
Iranian Proliferation and Israel	p. 255
The Chinese Nuclear Threat	p. 256
Traditional Forces and the Future	p. 258
The Heavy Forces (Conventional) Model	p. 259
The Light Forces (Unconventional) Model	p. 261
Light or Heavy Futures?	p. 262
Traditional Residues	p. 262
Light and Heavy Forces?	p. 263
Military Manpower	p. 263
CHALLENGE! Military Service After Iraq	p. 265
Military Reform	p. 265
Conclusion: The Continuing Relevance of Traditional Forces	p. 267
Study/Discussion Questions	p. 269
Selected Bibliography	p. 269
New Challenges	p. 271
Asymmetrical Warfare: The "New Kind of War"	p. 273
Preview	p. 273
Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Warfare	p. 276
Evolution of Asymmetrical Warfare	p. 277
Sun Tzu on Asymmetrical Warfare	p. 278
The Contemporary Setting	p. 280
Asymmetrical Futures?	p. 287
Fourth-Generation Warfare	p. 287
New Internal Wars	p. 292
Hearts and Minds in Afghanistan	p. 296
Conclusion: New Form or New Face of War?	p. 297
CHALLENGE! Is There a New Kind of War?	p. 298
Study/Discussion Questions	p. 298
Selected Bibliography	p. 299
The Unresolved Dilemmas in Afghanistan and Iraq	p. 301
Preview	p. 301
The Afghanistan War	p. 304
The Road to War: Was the United States Justified?	p. 306
Was the Mission Feasible?	p. 308
What Went Wrong and Why?	p. 311
Afghanistan as a War of Necessity	p. 312
How Will the Afghanistan War End?	p. 314
Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Al Qaeda	p. 315
The Iraq War	p. 315
The Road to War: Was the United States Justified?	p. 316
Hidden Agendas in Iraq	p. 319
Was the Mission Feasible?	p. 320
What Went Wrong and Why?	p. 325
Iraq as a War of Choice	p. 325
How Will the Iraq War End?	p. 326
The Legacies of Afghanistan and Iraq	p. 327
The Political Legacy: Be Careful Where You Intervene	p. 328
The Military Legacy: What Kind of Foe to Prepare For	p. 329
Afghanistan, Iraq and the American Military: What Kind of Force	p. 330
CHALLENGE! The Draft Option	p. 333
Conclusion: Security After Afghanistan and Iraq	p. 335
Study/Discussion Questions	p. 336
Selected Bibliography	p. 336
Terrorism, Peacekeeping, and State Building	p. 338
Preview	p. 338
The Contemporary Scene	p. 339
Dealing with Terrorism	p. 342
Antiterrorism and Counterterrorism	p. 344
The Cost-Effectiveness of Suppressing Terrorism	p. 345
International and National Efforts	p. 346
Objectives of the Effort	p. 347
Peacekeeping and State Building	p. 347
Basic Distinctions	p. 349
Peacekeeping	p. 351
The Talk-Shoot Relationship in Peacekeeping	p. 354
State Building	p. 355
KFOR and UNMIK	p. 361
CHALLENGE! What Should the United States Do in Afghanistan?	p. 362
Conclusion: The Future of Terrorism, Peacekeeping, and State Building	p. 364
Study/Discussion Questions	p. 364
Selected Bibliography	p. 365
Extending Security Under Obama	p. 367
Preview	p. 367
Border Security	p. 369
The Physical Problem	p. 370
Border Threats	p. 372
National Resources Security	p. 376
An Impenetrable Border?	p. 377
Petroleum Energy Security	p. 378
CHALLENGE! Oil and Terror	p. 381
Water Security	p. 381
Environmental Security	p. 384
Global Warming	p. 385
The United States, Kyoto, and Copenhagen	p. 386
Hurricane Katrina	p. 388
Health/Disease Security	p. 389
Conclusion: Expanded Security Horizons	p. 392
Study/Discussion Questions	p. 394
Selected Bibliography	p. 394
Index	p. 396
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