Natural Enemies Handbook

by Flint, Mary Louise; Dreistadt, Steve H.; Clark, Jack Kelly

• ISBN13: 9781879906419
• ISBN10: 1879906414
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1998-10-01
• Publisher: Agriculture & Natural Resources

Table of Contents

Dedication	iii
Acknowledgments	v
Natural Enemies Are Your Allies	1	(12)
What Are Natural Enemies?	2	(1)
Predation	2	(1)
Parasitism	2	(1)
Herbivory	3	(1)
Competition	3	(1)
Antibiosis	3	(1)
What Is Biological Control?	3	(1)
Using Biological Control	3	(2)
Conservation and Enhancement	4	(1)
Augmentation	4	(1)
Importation or Classical Biological Control	5	(1)
Is Biological Control ``Safe''?	5	(1)
Using Natural Enemies Within An Integrated Pest Management Program	6	(7)
Prevention	6	(1)
Identifying Pests and Ecological Factors	7	(1)
Monitoring	7	(1)
Control Action Thresholds and Guidelines	7	(1)
Integrating Compatible Management Tools	7	(2)
Chemical and Biological Control Integration	9	(1)
Cultural and Biological Control Integration	10	(1)
Mechanical and Biological Control Integration	11	(1)
Physical and Biological Control Integration	11	(2)
Biological Pest Control Quick Guide	13	(14)
Natural Enemies of Plant Pathogens	27	(6)
Mechanisms of Plant Pathogen Biological Control	28	(1)
Competition	28	(1)
Antibiosis	28	(1)
Parasitism and Predation	29	(1)
Mycopesticides	29	(1)
Disease-Suppressive Compost and Soil Amendments	29	(1)
Suppressive Soils	30	(1)
Mycorrhizae	31	(2)
Natural Enemies of Nematodes	33	(2)
Suppressive Crops and Plant By-Products	33	(1)
Parasites and Predators	34	(1)
Natural Enemies of Weeds	35	(6)
Mechanisms of Weed Biological Control	35	(4)
Competition and Allelopathy	35	(2)
Pathogens	37	(1)
Seed Bank Degradation	38	(1)
Vertebrates	38	(1)
Invertebrates	38	(1)
Commercially Available Weed Biocontrol Agents	39	(1)
Integrating Weed Biological Control Agents	39	(2)
Natural Enemies of Arthropods	41	(14)
Classical Biological Control of Arthropods	41	(1)
Conservation and Enhancement of Arthropods	41	(7)
Pesticide Management	42	(1)
Ant Control	43	(3)
Habitat Manipulation	46	(2)
Augmentation of Arthropods	48	(4)
Releasing Natural Enemies Effectively	50	(1)
Nurse Plants	51	(1)
Monitoring and Collecting Natural Enemies	52	(3)
Parasites of Arthropods	55	(24)
Recognizing Parasitism	56	(1)
Parasitic Wasps	57	(16)
Egg Parasites	57	(4)
Caterpillar Parasites	61	(1)
Beetle Parasites	62	(2)
Scale Parasites	64	(2)
Aphid Parasites	66	(2)
Whitefly Parasites	68	(1)
Mealybug Parasites	68	(2)
Psyllid Parasites	70	(1)
Thrips Parasites	71	(1)
Leafminer Parasites	72	(1)
Parasitic Files	73	(6)
Caterpillar Parasites	75	(1)
Beetle Parasites	76	(1)
Cottony Cushion Scale Parasites	77	(2)
Predators of Arthropods	79	(38)
Recognizing Predation	79	(1)
Beetles	80	(11)
Lady Beetles (Ladybugs)	80	(2)
Aphid-Feeding Lady Beetles	82	(3)
Scale-Feeding Lady Beetles	85	(2)
Mealybug-Feeding Lady Beetles	87	(1)
Whitefly-Feeding Lady Beetles	87	(1)
Mite-Feeding Lady Beetles	88	(1)
Predaceous Ground Beetles	89	(1)
Other Predatory Beetles	89	(2)
True Bugs	91	(3)
Minute Pirate Bugs	91	(2)
Look Alike Bugs	93	(1)
Bigeyed Bugs	93	(1)
Assassin Bugs	93	(1)
Other Predatory Bugs	94	(1)
Predatory Flies	94	(4)
Syrphid Flies	94	(1)
Predaceous Midges and Aphid Flies	95	(3)
Predatory Wasps and Ants	98	(2)
Ants	100	(1)
Lacewings, Dustywings, and Snakeflies	100	(4)
Green Lacewings	100	(3)
Brown Lacewings	103	(1)
Other Neuroptera	103	(1)
Mantids	104	(1)
Earwigs	105	(1)
Thrips	106	(1)
Mites	106	(4)
Enhancing Biological Control When Using Mites	108	(2)
Spiders	110	(5)
Black Widow	113	(2)
Snails and Slugs	115	(1)
Decollate Snail	115	(1)
Birds and Other Vertebrates	116	(1)
Pathogens of Arthropods	117	(8)
Bacteria	117	(2)
Nematodes	119	(1)
Fungi	120	(3)
Viruses	123	(2)
RESOURCES	125	(4)
Suppliers	126	(1)
Suggested Reading	126	(3)
Literature Cited	129	(12)
Names of Pests and Plants	141	(2)
Index	143