9781587142734

Network Management: Accounting and Performance Strategies The definitive guide to collecting usage information from Cisco networks Benoit Claise, CCIE® No. 2868 Ralf Wolter Understanding network performance and effectiveness is now crucial to business success. To ensure user satisfaction, both service providers and enterprise IT teams must provide service-level agreements (SLA) to the users of their networksand then consistently deliver on those commitments. Now, two of the Cisco® leading network performance and accounting experts bring together all the knowledge network professionals need to do so. Network Management: Accounting and Performance Strategiesimparts a deep understanding of Cisco IOS® embedded management for monitoring and optimizing performance, together with proven best strategies for both accounting and performance management. Benoit Claise and Ralf Wolter begin by introducing the role of accounting and performance management in today's large-scale data and voice networks. They present widely accepted performance standards and definitions, along with today's best practice methodologies for data collection. Next, they turn to Cisco devices and the Cisco IOS Software, illuminating embedded management and device instrumentation features that enable you to thoroughly characterize performance, plan network enhancements, and anticipate potential problems and prevent them. Network standards, technologies, and Cisco solutions covered in depth include Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) and Management Information Bases (MIB), Remote Monitoring (RMON), IP accounting, NetFlow, BGP policy accounting, AAA Accounting, Network Based Application Recognition (NBAR), and IP SLA (formerly known as SAA). For each, the authors present practical examples and hands-on techniques. The book concludes with chapter-length scenarios that walk you through accounting and performance management for five different applications: data network monitoring, capacity planning, billing, security, and voice network performance. Network Management: Accounting and Performance Strategies will be indispensable to every professional concerned with network performance, effectiveness, or profitability, especially NMS/OSS architects, network and service designers, network administrators, and anyone responsible for network accounting or billing. Benoit Claise, CCIE® No. 2868, is a Cisco Distinguished Engineer working as an architect for embedded management and device instrumentation. His area of expertise includes accounting, performance, and fault management. Claise is a contributor to the NetFlow standardization at the IETF in the IPFIX and PSAMP Working Groups. He joined Cisco in 1996 as a customer support engineer in the Technical Assistance Center network management team and became an escalation engineer before joining the engineering team. Ralf Wolter is a senior manager, consulting engineering at Cisco. He leads the Cisco Core and NMS/OSS consulting team for Europe, works closely with corporate engineering, and supports large-scale customer projects. He specializes in device instrumentation related to accounting and performance management. Compare accounting methods and choose the best approach for you Apply network performance best practices to your network Leverage built-in Cisco IOS network management system components to quantify performance Uncover trends in performance statistics to help avoid service degradation before it occurs Identify under use of network paths, so you can improve overall network efficiency Walk through hands-on case studies that address monitoring, capacity planning, billing, security, and voice networks Understand Cisco network performance, deliver on your SLAs, and improve accounting and billing This book is part of the Networking Technology Series from Cisco Press®, which offers networking professionals valuable information for constructing efficient networks, understanding new technologies, and building successful careers.

Benoit Claise, CCIE No. 2686, is a Cisco Distinguished Engineer working as an architect for embedded

management and device instrumentation. His area of expertise includes accounting, performance,

and fault management. Claise is a contributor to the NetFlow standardization at the IETF in the IPFIX

and PSAMP working groups. He joined Cisco in 1996 as a customer support engineer in the Technical

Assistance Center network management team. He then became an escalation engineer before joining the

engineering team.

Ralf Wolteris a senior manager, Consulting Engineering at Cisco Systems. He leads the Core and

NMS/OSS consulting team for Europe and works closely with corporate engineering, as well as supporting

large customer projects. His special field of interest is device instrumentation, related to

accounting and performance management. He joined Cisco in 1996 as a systems engineer. He has provided

technical leadership for many large network management projects in Europe, the Middle East,

and Africa. Before his current position, he worked as a networking consultant at AT&T/NCR, focusing

on the design and management of data networks.

Part I Data Collection and Methodology Standards 3

Chapter 1 Understanding the Need for Accounting and Performance Management 5

Definitions and the Relationship Between Accounting and Performance

Management 11

Defining Accounting Management 11

Defining Performance Management 13

The Relationship Between Accounting and Performance 17

A Complementary Solution 20

The Purposes of Accounting 22

Network Monitoring 22

User Monitoring and Profiling 24

Application Monitoring and Profiling 26

Capacity Planning 31

Traffic Profiling and Engineering 34

Peering and Transit Agreements 37

Billing 43

Security Analysis 57

Purposes of Performance 61

Device Performance Monitoring 62

Network Performance Monitoring 65

Service Monitoring 66

Baselining 68

Fault Management 70

Applying the Information to the Business 74

Summary 80

Chapter 2 Data Collection Methodology 85

Data Collection Details: What to Collect 86

What Are the Keys? 89

What Are the Values? 89

What Are the Required Versus Nice-to-Have Types of Data? 93

Data Types List 93

Example: Application Monitoring 94

Example: Traffic Matrix 98

Example: SLA Monitoring 99

Defining the User 100

Metering Methods: How to Collect Data Records 102

Active Versus Passive Monitoring 103

Passive Monitoring Concepts 104

Active Monitoring Concepts 120

Best Practice: How to Position Active and Passive Monitoring 128

Outlook: Passive Monitoring for One-Way Delay Analysis 129

Metering Positions: Where to Collect Data Records 130

Network Element Versus End Device Collection 130

Edge Versus Core Collection 132

Embedded Versus External Device Collection 136

Ingress Versus Egress Collection 138

Flow Destination or Source Lookup 140

Technology-Dependent Special Constraints 141

Collection Infrastructure: How to Collect Data Records 144

Pull Versus Push Model 144

Event-Based Model 145

Export Protocols 146

Network Design for the Collection Infrastructure 151

Communication Concepts 152

Collection Server Concepts 154

Mediation Device Functionality: How to Process Data Records 157

Filtering 157

Estimation from Sampling 159

Threshold Monitoring 159

Data Aggregation 160

Data Record Correlation and Enrichment 164

Flow De-Duplication 165

Data Record Formatting and Storage 165

Security Considerations: How to Ensure Data Authenticity and Integrity 167

Source Authentication 167

Ensuring Data and Device Integrity 168

Denial-of-Service (DoS) Attacks 169

Summary 170

Chapter 3 Accounting and Performance Standards and Definitions 173

Understanding Standards and Standards Organizations 173

Architectural and Framework Standards: The TMN/FCAPS Model (ITU-T) 176

Fault Management 180

Configuration Management 181

Accounting Management 181

Performance Management 182

Security Management 183

The TMN Framework 184

Architectural and Framework Standards: the eTOM Model (TMF) 185

Informational IETF Standards 189

IETF RFC 2924, Accounting Attributes and Record Formats 189

IETF RFC 2975, Introduction to Accounting Management 189

Information Modeling 190

Data Collection Protocols: SNMP, SMI, and MIB 191

Internet Management Model and Terminology 191

MIB Modules and Object Identifiers 193

SMI Definitions 194

SNMP Versions 196

References for SMIv1 and SMIv2 199

Data Collection Protocols: NetFlow Version 9 and IPFIX Export Protocols 201

NetFlow Version 9 Export Protocol 202

IPFIX 208

Data Collection Protocols: PSAMP 212

PSAMP Protocol Specifications 212

PSAMP References 213

Data Collection Protocols: AAA (RADIUS, Diameter, and TACACS+) 214

RADIUS 214

TACACS+ 216

Diameter 216

Data Collection Protocols: IPDR 217

Data Collection Protocols: CMISE/CMIP and GDMO 218

Service Notions 219

Summary 222

Part II Implementations on the Cisco Devices 225

Chapter 4 SNMP and MIBs 227

MIBs 228

IOS Support for SNMP Versions 229

net-snmp Utilities 229

CLI Operations and Configuration Example for SNMPv2c 230

SNMPv2c Configuration Example 230

SNMPv2c Data Retrieval 231

Displaying SNMPv2c Statistics 231

CLI Operations and Configuration Examples for SNMPv3 231

authNoPriv SNMP Example 233

authPriv SNMP Example 235

MIB Table Retrieval Example 235

MIB Functional Area Comparison Table 237

General-Purpose MIBs for Accounting and Performance 239

MIB-II (RFC 1213), IF-MIB (RFC 2863), and CISCO-IF-EXTENSION-MIB 240

CISCO-PING-MIB 241

CISCO-PROCESS-MIB 242

CISCO-ENVMON-MIB and CISCO-HEALTH-MONITOR-MIB 244

CISCO-MEMORY-POOL-MIB 244

CISCO-DATA-COLLECTION-MIB 244

Advanced Device Instrumentation 247

Technology-Specific MIBs for Accounting and Performance 247

Frame Relay 247

IPv6 251

Multicast 252

VLAN 253

Traffic Management and Control 255

Telephony 257

Creating New MIB Objects: EXPRESSION-MIB 265

EXPRESSION-MIB Examples 266

EVENT-MIB Associated with EXPRESSION-MIB 268

Obtaining MIBs 269

Chapter 5 RMON 273

RMON 1 and RMON 2 MIBs 273

RMON Principles 277

Supported Devices and IOS Versions 277

Cisco NAM Modules 278

CLI Operations 279

SNMP Operations 280

Examples 282

DSMON MIB 284

DSMON MIB Principles 286

Supported Devices and IOS Versions 286

CLI Operations 286

SNMP Operations 286

Examples 287

SMON MIB 287

Supported Devices and IOS Versions 288

CLI Operations 288

SNMP Operations 288

Examples 289

Collection Monitoring 289

APM MIB and ART MIB 289

Supported Devices and IOS Versions 291

CLI Operations 291

SNMP Operations 291

Examples 291

Collection Monitoring 291

Applicability 292

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Network Management Accounting and Performance Strategies (Paperback)

1587142732

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

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