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The New Testament; A Historical Introduction to the Early Christian Writings
by Bart EhrmanEdition:
4th
ISBN13:
9780199740307
ISBN10:
0199740305
Format:
Paperback
Pub. Date:
11/5/2007
Publisher(s):
Oxford University Press, USA
List Price: $69.28
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The New Testament A Historical Introduction to the Early Christian Writings
The New Testament; A Historical Introduction to the Early Christian Writings
Summary
Featuring vibrant full color throughout, this new edition of Bart Ehrman's highly successful introduction approaches the New Testament from a consistently historical and comparative perspective, emphasizing the rich diversity of the earliest Christian literature. Rather than shying away from the critical problems presented by these books, Ehrman addresses the historical and literary challenges they pose, showing why scholars continue to argue over such significant issues as how the books of the New Testament came into being, when they were written (and by whom), what they mean, how they relate to contemporary Christian and non-Christian literature, and how they came to be collected into the canon of scripture that we now call the New Testament. Distinctive to this study is its unique focus on the historical, literary, and religious milieux of the Greco-Roman world, including early Judaism. As part of its historical orientation, the book also discusses works by other Christian writers who were roughly contemporary with the New Testament, such as the Gospel of Thomas, the Apocalypse of Peter, and the letters of Ignatius. The text is enhanced by maps, timelines, an extensive text box program, and more than one hundred photos. An accompanying Instructor's Manual contains chapter summaries, discussion questions, and a test bank. An updated Website Study Guide provides chapter summaries, glossary terms, and self-quizzes for students. New to this edition: * Coverage of new discoveries--including the Gospel of Judas Iscariot--and of recent advances in scholarship * A revised discussion of the history of Palestine and Judaism, which now appears much earlier in the book (Chapter 3), thereby providing students with more background on the development of early Christianity at the outset of their studies * A new photo essay on important Greek manuscripts of the New Testament, ten new text boxes, a revised epilogue, and updated suggestions for further reading * An expanded glossary featuring more than 200 key terms, which are also listed at the end of each chapter in which they appear * Key terms appear in boldface type the first time they are used in each chapter * Vivid full color throughout Ideal for undergraduate and seminary classes in the New Testament, Biblical Studies, and Christian Origins, The New Testament: A Historical Introduction to the Early Christian Writings, Fourth Edition, encourages students to carefully consider the historical issues surrounding these writings.
Author Biography
James A. Gray Distinguished Professor of Religious Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Table of Contents
| Maps, Time Lines, and Diagrams | |
| Preface | |
| Acknowledgments | |
| Notes on Suggestions for | |
| Further reading | |
| Credits | |
| Master Time Line | |
| What Is The New Testament? The Early Christians And Their Literature | |
| The Canon of Scripture | |
| The Diversity of Early Christianity | |
| The Hebrew Bible and the Christian Old Testament | |
| The New Testament Canon of Scripture | |
| The Common Era and Before the Common Era | |
| The Layout of the New Testament | |
| The New Testament: One Other Set of Problems | |
| Implications for Our Study | |
| The New Testament Canon | |
| Excursus: Some Additional Reflections: The Historian and the Believer | |
| The World Of Early Christian Traditions | |
| The Problem of Beginnings | |
| Pagan and Gentile | |
| The Greco-Roman World | |
| One Remarkable Life | |
| The Environment of the New Testament: Religions in the Greco-Roman World | |
| The Roman Empire | |
| Divine Rulers as Savior Gods | |
| Christianity as a Mystery Cult | |
| The World of Early Christianity | |
| The Jewish Context Of Jesus And His Followers | |
| Judaism as a Greco-Roman Religion | |
| The Septuagint: The Hebrew Bible in Greek | |
| Political Crises in Palestine and Their Ramifications | |
| Flavius Josephus | |
| The Formation of Jewish Sects | |
| Divine Revelation in the Dead Sea Scrolls | |
| Women in the Synagogues | |
| Other Jewish Miracle-Working Sons of God | |
| The Jewish World of Early Christianity | |
| The Traditions Of Jesus In Their Greco-Roman Context | |
| Oral Traditions behind the Gospels | |
| Orality and Literacy in the Ancient World | |
| Mark and John on the Time of Jesus' Death | |
| The Traditions of Jesus | |
| Excursus: Some Additional Reflections: The Authors of the Gospels | |
| The Christian Gospels: A Literary And Historical Introduction | |
| The Question of Genre | |
| Biography as a Greco-Roman Genre | |
| Plutarch on Biography | |
| The Gospels as Ancient Biographies | |
| The Christian Gospels | |
| Jesus, The Suffering Son Of God: The Gospel According To Mark | |
| The Beginning of the Gospel: Jesus the Messiah, the Son of God Who Fulfills Scripture | |
| The Jewish Messiah | |
| Jesus the Authoritative Son of God | |
| Jesus the Opposed Son of God | |
| Jewish Scribes, Herodians, and Chief Priests | |
| Jesus' Opponents in Mark | |
| Jesus the Misunderstood Son of God | |
| Jesus the Angry Healer | |
| Jesus the Acknowledged Son of God | |
| The Messianic Secret in Mark | |
| Jesus the Suffering Son of God | |
| Son of God and Son of Man | |
| Jesus the Crucified Son of God | |
| The Charge of Blasphemy according to Mark | |
| Jesus the Vindicated Son of God | |
| Conclusion: Mark and His Readers | |
| The Gospel of Mark | |
| The Synoptic Problem And Its Significance For Interpretation | |
| Methods for Studying the Gospels | |
| The Synoptic Problem | |
| Ironing Out the Problems: One Potential Difficulty in Mark's Account | |
| The Contents of Q | |
| The Methodological Significance of the Four-Source Hypothesis | |
| The Synoptic Problem | |
| Jesus, The Jewish Messiah: The Gospel According To Matthew | |
| The Importance of Beginnings: Jesus the Jewish Messiah in Fulfillment of the Jewish Scriptures | |
| Matthew's Scheme of Fourteen | |
| The Women in Matthew's Genealogy | |
| Jesus and His Forerunner from Matthew's Perspective | |
| The Portrayal of Jesus in Matthew: The Sermon on the Mount as a Springboard | |
| The Golden Rule | |
| Jesus and the Jewish Cultic Practices Prescribed by the Law | |
| Jesus Rejected by the Jewish Leaders | |
| Gentiles in Matthew's Community | |
| Was Matthew a Jew? | |
| Matthew and His Readers | |
| Matthew | |
| Jesus, The Savior Of The World: The Gospel According To Luke | |
| The Comparative Method and the Gospel of Luke | |
| A Comparative Overview of the Gospel | |
| Preface to Luke's Gospel | |
| Apologetic Literature in Early Christianity | |
| Luke's Birth Narrative in Comparative Perspective | |
| Historical Problems with Luke's Birth Narrative | |
| The Virginal Conception in Matthew and Luke | |
| From Jew to Gentile: Luke's Portrayal of Jesus the Rejected Prophet | |
| Luke's Distinctive Emphases throughout His Gospel | |
| Jesus' Bloody Sweat in Luke | |
| Jesus as a Righteous Martyr | |
| The Institution of the Lord's Supper in Luke | |
| Conclusion: Luke in Comparative Perspective | |
| Luke | |
| Luke's Second Volume: The Acts Of The Apostles | |
| The Genre of Acts and Its Significance | |
| The Book of Acts: An Ancient Novel? | |
| The Thematic Approach to Acts | |
| From Gospel to Acts: The Opening Transition | |
| Luke's Mysterious Two Men | |
| Luke's Artistry as a Storyteller 1 | |
| Luke's Artistry as a Storyteller 2 | |
| Themes in the Speeches in Acts | |
| The Death of Judas | |
| Christianity before Paul | |
| The Book of Acts | |
| Excursus: The Author of Luke-Acts and His Audience | |
| Conclusion: The Author and His Themes in Context | |
| Jesus, The Man Sent From Heaven: The Gospel According To John | |
| The Gospel of John from a Literary-Historical Perspective | |
| Jesus' Signs in the Fourth Gospel | |
| "The Jews" in the Fourth Gospel | |
| The Gospel of John from a Thematic Perspective | |
| The Gospel of John from a Comparative Perspective | |
| Jesus and the "I Am" Sayings in John | |
| The Gospel of John from a Redactional Perspective | |
| The Socio-Historical Method | |
| The Death of the Beloved Disciple in the Johannine Community | |
| The Gospel of John from a Socio-Historical Perspective | |
| John's De-Apocalypticized Gospel | |
| Did the Early Christians Think That Jesus was Good? | |
| The Author of the Fourth Gospel | |
| The Gospel of John | |
| From John's Jesus To The Gnostic Christ: The Johannine Epistles And Beyond | |
| The Questions of Genre and Author | |
| A Letter from Greco-Roman Egypt | |
| The New Testament Epistolary Literature and the Contextual Method | |
| The Gospel and Epistles of John: Some Thematic Similarities | |
| The Johannine Epistles from a Contextual Perspective | |
| Methods for Studying the New Testament | |
| House Churches in Early Christianity | |
| Reflections on the Contextual Method | |
| The Johannine Epistles | |
| Beyond the Johannine Community: The Rise of Christian Gnosticism | |
| How Do You Know a Gnostic When You See One? | |
| Gnostics and the Jewish Scriptures | |
| Gnostics and the Johannine Community | |
| Gnosticism | |
| Jesus From Different Perspectives: Other Gospels In Early Christianity | |
| Narrative Gospels | |
| The Gospel of the Ebionites and Early Gospel Harmonies | |
| Sayings Gospels | |
| Judas Thomas as Jesus' Twin Brother | |
| The Older Sayings of the Gospel of Thomas | |
| Infancy Gospels | |
| Passion Gospels | |
| Conclusion: The Other Gospels | |
| The Other Gospels | |
| The Historical Jesus: Sources, Problems, And Methods | |
| Problems with Sources | |
| Non-Christian Sources | |
| Christianity as a Superstition in the Roman World | |
| The Testimony of Flavius Josephus | |
| Christian Sources | |
| Using Our Sources: Some of the Basic Rules of Thumb | |
| Specific Criteria and Their Rationale | |
| Aramaisms as a Criterion of Authenticity | |
| Judas and the Roasting Chicken | |
| Conclusion: Reconstructing the Life of Jesus | |
| The Sources for the Historical Jesus | |
| Excursus: The Historian And The Problem Of Miracle | |
| Miracles in the Modern World and in Antiquity | |
| The Historian and Historical Method | |
| The Problem of Miracles | |
| Jesus In Context | |
| Popular Modes of Resistance to Oppression | |
| An Ideology of Resistance | |
| Prophecy and Apocalypticism | |
| First-Century Palestinian Judaism | |
| Jesus in His Apocalyptic Context | |
| O Little Town of Nazareth | |
| Jesus of Sepphoris? | |
| Jesus as an Apocalyptic Prophet | |
| Jesus, The Apocalyptic Prophet | |
| The Apocalyptic Deeds of Jesus | |
| Explaining Away the Apocalyptic Traditions: Seeking the Lost | |
| Explaining Away the Apocalyptic Traditions: Getting a Date | |
| Was Jesus a Cynic Philosopher? | |
| The Temple Incident as an Enacted Parable | |
| Another Apocalyptic Jesus | |
| The Apocalyptic Teachings of Jesus | |
| Was Jesus Married with Children? | |
| The Cosmic Deliverer of Israel | |
| Jesus and "Family Values" | |
| The Apocalyptic Death of Jesus | |
| Jesus and Judas, the Betrayer | |
| Jesus the Apocalyptic Prophet | |
| From Jesus To The Gospels | |
| The Beginning of Christianity | |
| Jesus' Resurrection from an Apocalyptic Perspective | |
| The Women and the Empty Tomb | |
| Jesus, the Messiah, and the Resurrection | |
| Jesus' Death, according to the Scriptures | |
| Vicarious Suffering in Jewish Martyrologies and Other Greco-Roman Literature | |
| The Emergence of Different Understandings of Jesus | |
| From Jesus to the Gospels | |
| Paul The Apostle: The Man And His Mission | |
| The Study of Paul: Methodological Difficulties | |
| The Pauline Corpus | |
| Other Sources for the Life of Paul | |
| The Life of Paul | |
| What Did Paul Look Like? | |
| Paul on the Road to Damascus | |
| Paul and His Mission | |
| Paul And His Apostolic Mission: 1 Thessalonians As A Test Case | |
| The Founding of the Church in Thessalonica | |
| The Beginnings of the Thessalonian Church: A Socio-Historical Perspective | |
| Rules for a Private Association | |
| The Church at Thessalonica after Paul's Departure | |
| Christians Maligned as Perverts and Criminals | |
| The Thessalonians' Perplexity | |
| Conclusion: Paul the Apostle | |
| Thessalonians | |
| Paul And The Crises Of His Churches: 1 And 2 Corinthians, Galatians, Philippians, And Philemon | |
| Corinthians | |
| Possibilities of Existence in the Afterlife | |
| Corinthians | |
| Corinthians | |
| The Partitioning of 2 Corinthians | |
| Corinthians | |
| Galatians | |
| The Logic of the Opponents' Position in Galatia | |
| Why Does Paul Appeal to the Law to Deny the Importance of the Law? | |
| Just Say "No": Paul's Gospel of Sexual Abstinence | |
| Galatians | |
| Philippians | |
| The Christ Hymn of Philippians | |
| Was Paul Contemplating Suicide? | |
| Philippians | |
| Philemon | |
| Philemon | |
| The Gospel According To Paul: The Letter To The Romans | |
| The Occasion and Purpose of the Letter | |
| The Beginnings of the Roman Church | |
| The Theme of the Epistle | |
| Paul's Gospel to the Romans | |
| Pauline Models for Salvation | |
| Two Different Ways of Salvation in Paul? | |
| Judicial and Participationist Models of Salvation in Paul | |
| The Flow of Paul's Argument | |
| Other Models of Salvation in Paul | |
| Conclusion: Paul and the Romans | |
| Romans | |
| Does The Tradition Miscarry? Paul In Relation To Jesus, James, Thecla, And Theudas | |
| Paul in Relation to What Came Before | |
| Jesus and Paul: Some of the Similarities | |
| Jesus and Paul: Some of the Differences | |
| Paul in Relation to What Came After | |
| Conclusion: Pauline Christianities | |
| Paul in Relation to What Came Before and After | |
| In The Wake Of The Apostle: The Deutero-Pauline And Pastoral Epistles | |
| Pseudonymity in the Ancient World | |
| Paul's Third Letter to the Corinthians | |
| The Deutero-Pauline Epistles | |
| The Resurrection of Believers in Paul and Colossians | |
| The "Household Rules" in Colossians and Ephesians | |
| The Vocabulary of Salvation in Paul and Ephesians | |
| The Deutero-Pauline Epistles | |
| The Pastoral Epistles | |
| The Historical Situation and Authorship of the Pastoral Epistles | |
| Church Hierarchy in Ignatius | |
| Conclusion: The Post-Pauline Pastoral Epistles | |
| The Pastoral Epistles | |
| From Paul's Female Colleagues To The Pastor's Intimidated Women: The Oppression Of Women In Early Christianity | |
| Women in Paul's Churches | |
| Women Associated with Jesus | |
| Mary Magdalene | |
| Paul's Understanding of Women in the Church | |
| Women in the Aftermath of Paul | |
| Similarities between 1 Tim 2:11-15 and 1 Corinthians 14:34-35 | |
| Ancient Ideologies of Gender | |
| Gender Ideology and the Pauline Churches | |
| Women in Early Christianity | |
| Christians And Jews: Hebrews, Barnabas, And Later Anti-Jewish Literature | |
| Early Christian Self-Definition | |
| Early and Diverging Views of Christians and Jews | |
| Continuity and Superiority: The Epistle to the Hebrews | |
| Divergent Views of Christ in Hebrews | |
| Hebrews | |
| Discontinuity and Supremacy: The Epistle of Barnabas | |
| Six Thousand Years and Counting | |
| Gematria in Early Christianity | |
| The Epistle of Barnabas | |
| Conclusion: The Rise of Christian Anti-Judaism | |
| Melito's Passover Sermon | |
| Christians And Pagans: 1 Peter, The Letters Of Ignatius, The Martyrdom Of Polycarp, And Later Apologetic Literature | |
| The Persecution of the Early Christians | |
| The Christian Disruption of the Family: The Case of Perpetua | |
| Christians in a Hostile World: The Letter of 1 Peter | |
| The Spread of Christianity | |
| 1 Peter | |
| Christians Sentenced to Death: The Letters of Ignatius | |
| An Alternative View of Christian Martyrdom | |
| The Letters of Ignatius | |
| Christians before the Tribunal: The Martyrdom of Polycarp | |
| The Martyrdom of Polycarp | |
| Christians on the Defense: The Later Apologetic Literature | |
| Christians And Christians: James, The Didache, Polycarp, 1 Clement, Jude, And 2 Peter | |
| The Epistle of James | |
| The Didache | |
| The Development of the Lord's Prayer | |
| Polycarp's Letter to the Philippians | |
| Polycarp and the Early Christian Tradition | |
| Clement | |
| Birds Raised from the Dead and Other Problems in the Corinthian Church | |
| Jude | |
| Peter | |
| Peter, the Smoked Tuna, and the Flying Heretic | |
| Conclusion: Conflicts within the Early Christian Communities | |
| Christian Internal Conflicts | |
| Christians And The Cosmos: The Revelation Of John, The Shepherd Of Hermas, And The Apocalypse Of Peter | |
| Introduction: The End of the World and the Revelation of John | |
| The Content and Structure of the Book of Revelation | |
| The Book of Revelation from a Historical Perspective | |
| Apocalyptic Worldviews and Apocalypse Genre | |
| The Book of Revelation as Underground Literature | |
| The Author of Revelation in the Early Church | |
| The Revelation of John in Historical Context | |
| An Ancient Copyright Curse | |
| Futuristic Interpretations of the Book of Revelation | |
| The Book of Revelation | |
| The Shepherd of Hermas | |
| The Shepherd of Hermas and the Muratorian Canon | |
| The Apocalypse of Peter | |
| Epilogue: Do We Have The Original New Testament? | |
| The Manuscripts of the New Testament | |
| 30,000 Variant Readings?! | |
| Kinds of Changes in Our Manuscript | |
| Citing Chapter and Verse | |
| Women in the Manuscript Tradition of the New Testament | |
| Criteria for Establishing the Original Text | |
| Is the Doctrine of the Trinity Explicitly Taught in the New Testament? | |
| Conclusion: The Original Text of the New Testament | |
| The Text of the New Testament | |
| Glossary of Terms | |
| Index | |
| Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved. |
