Maps, Time Lines, and Diagrams | |
Preface | |
Acknowledgments | |
Notes on Suggestions for | |
Further reading | |
Credits | |
Master Time Line | |
What Is The New Testament? The Early Christians And Their Literature | |
The Canon of Scripture | |
The Diversity of Early Christianity | |
The Hebrew Bible and the Christian Old Testament | |
The New Testament Canon of Scripture | |
The Common Era and Before the Common Era | |
The Layout of the New Testament | |
The New Testament: One Other Set of Problems | |
Implications for Our Study | |
The New Testament Canon | |
Excursus: Some Additional Reflections: The Historian and the Believer | |
The World Of Early Christian Traditions | |
The Problem of Beginnings | |
Pagan and Gentile | |
The Greco-Roman World | |
One Remarkable Life | |
The Environment of the New Testament: Religions in the Greco-Roman World | |
The Roman Empire | |
Divine Rulers as Savior Gods | |
Christianity as a Mystery Cult | |
The World of Early Christianity | |
The Jewish Context Of Jesus And His Followers | |
Judaism as a Greco-Roman Religion | |
The Septuagint: The Hebrew Bible in Greek | |
Political Crises in Palestine and Their Ramifications | |
Flavius Josephus | |
The Formation of Jewish Sects | |
Divine Revelation in the Dead Sea Scrolls | |
Women in the Synagogues | |
Other Jewish Miracle-Working Sons of God | |
The Jewish World of Early Christianity | |
The Traditions Of Jesus In Their Greco-Roman Context | |
Oral Traditions behind the Gospels | |
Orality and Literacy in the Ancient World | |
Mark and John on the Time of Jesus' Death | |
The Traditions of Jesus | |
Excursus: Some Additional Reflections: The Authors of the Gospels | |
The Christian Gospels: A Literary And Historical Introduction | |
The Question of Genre | |
Biography as a Greco-Roman Genre | |
Plutarch on Biography | |
The Gospels as Ancient Biographies | |
The Christian Gospels | |
Jesus, The Suffering Son Of God: The Gospel According To Mark | |
The Beginning of the Gospel: Jesus the Messiah, the Son of God Who Fulfills Scripture | |
The Jewish Messiah | |
Jesus the Authoritative Son of God | |
Jesus the Opposed Son of God | |
Jewish Scribes, Herodians, and Chief Priests | |
Jesus' Opponents in Mark | |
Jesus the Misunderstood Son of God | |
Jesus the Angry Healer | |
Jesus the Acknowledged Son of God | |
The Messianic Secret in Mark | |
Jesus the Suffering Son of God | |
Son of God and Son of Man | |
Jesus the Crucified Son of God | |
The Charge of Blasphemy according to Mark | |
Jesus the Vindicated Son of God | |
Conclusion: Mark and His Readers | |
The Gospel of Mark | |
The Synoptic Problem And Its Significance For Interpretation | |
Methods for Studying the Gospels | |
The Synoptic Problem | |
Ironing Out the Problems: One Potential Difficulty in Mark's Account | |
The Contents of Q | |
The Methodological Significance of the Four-Source Hypothesis | |
The Synoptic Problem | |
Jesus, The Jewish Messiah: The Gospel According To Matthew | |
The Importance of Beginnings: Jesus the Jewish Messiah in Fulfillment of the Jewish Scriptures | |
Matthew's Scheme of Fourteen | |
The Women in Matthew's Genealogy | |
Jesus and His Forerunner from Matthew's Perspective | |
The Portrayal of Jesus in Matthew: The Sermon on the Mount as a Springboard | |
The Golden Rule | |
Jesus and the Jewish Cultic Practices Prescribed by the Law | |
Jesus Rejected by the Jewish Leaders | |
Gentiles in Matthew's Community | |
Was Matthew a Jew? | |
Matthew and His Readers | |
Matthew | |
Jesus, The Savior Of The World: The Gospel According To Luke | |
The Comparative Method and the Gospel of Luke | |
A Comparative Overview of the Gospel | |
Preface to Luke's Gospel | |
Apologetic Literature in Early Christianity | |
Luke's Birth Narrative in Comparative Perspective | |
Historical Problems with Luke's Birth Narrative | |
The Virginal Conception in Matthew and Luke | |
From Jew to Gentile: Luke's Portrayal of Jesus the Rejected Prophet | |
Luke's Distinctive Emphases throughout His Gospel | |
Jesus' Bloody Sweat in Luke | |
Jesus as a Righteous Martyr | |
The Institution of the Lord's Supper in Luke | |
Conclusion: Luke in Comparative Perspective | |
Luke | |
Luke's Second Volume: The Acts Of The Apostles | |
The Genre of Acts and Its Significance | |
The Book of Acts: An Ancient Novel? | |
The Thematic Approach to Acts | |
From Gospel to Acts: The Opening Transition | |
Luke's Mysterious Two Men | |
Luke's Artistry as a Storyteller 1 | |
Luke's Artistry as a Storyteller 2 | |
Themes in the Speeches in Acts | |
The Death of Judas | |
Christianity before Paul | |
The Book of Acts | |
Excursus: The Author of Luke-Acts and His Audience | |
Conclusion: The Author and His Themes in Context | |
Jesus, The Man Sent From Heaven: The Gospel According To John | |
The Gospel of John from a Literary-Historical Perspective | |
Jesus' Signs in the Fourth Gospel | |
"The Jews" in the Fourth Gospel | |
The Gospel of John from a Thematic Perspective | |
The Gospel of John from a Comparative Perspective | |
Jesus and the "I Am" Sayings in John | |
The Gospel of John from a Redactional Perspective | |
The Socio-Historical Method | |
The Death of the Beloved Disciple in the Johannine Community | |
The Gospel of John from a Socio-Historical Perspective | |
John's De-Apocalypticized Gospel | |
Did the Early Christians Think That Jesus was Good? | |
The Author of the Fourth Gospel | |
The Gospel of John | |
From John's Jesus To The Gnostic Christ: The Johannine Epistles And Beyond | |
The Questions of Genre and Author | |
A Letter from Greco-Roman Egypt | |
The New Testament Epistolary Literature and the Contextual Method | |
The Gospel and Epistles of John: Some Thematic Similarities | |
The Johannine Epistles from a Contextual Perspective | |
Methods for Studying the New Testament | |
House Churches in Early Christianity | |
Reflections on the Contextual Method | |
The Johannine Epistles | |
Beyond the Johannine Community: The Rise of Christian Gnosticism | |
How Do You Know a Gnostic When You See One? | |
Gnostics and the Jewish Scriptures | |
Gnostics and the Johannine Community | |
Gnosticism | |
Jesus From Different Perspectives: Other Gospels In Early Christianity | |
Narrative Gospels | |
The Gospel of the Ebionites and Early Gospel Harmonies | |
Sayings Gospels | |
Judas Thomas as Jesus' Twin Brother | |
The Older Sayings of the Gospel of Thomas | |
Infancy Gospels | |
Passion Gospels | |
Conclusion: The Other Gospels | |
The Other Gospels | |
The Historical Jesus: Sources, Problems, And Methods | |
Problems with Sources | |
Non-Christian Sources | |
Christianity as a Superstition in the Roman World | |
The Testimony of Flavius Josephus | |
Christian Sources | |
Using Our Sources: Some of the Basic Rules of Thumb | |
Specific Criteria and Their Rationale | |
Aramaisms as a Criterion of Authenticity | |
Judas and the Roasting Chicken | |
Conclusion: Reconstructing the Life of Jesus | |
The Sources for the Historical Jesus | |
Excursus: The Historian And The Problem Of Miracle | |
Miracles in the Modern World and in Antiquity | |
The Historian and Historical Method | |
The Problem of Miracles | |
Jesus In Context | |
Popular Modes of Resistance to Oppression | |
An Ideology of Resistance | |
Prophecy and Apocalypticism | |
First-Century Palestinian Judaism | |
Jesus in His Apocalyptic Context | |
O Little Town of Nazareth | |
Jesus of Sepphoris? | |
Jesus as an Apocalyptic Prophet | |
Jesus, The Apocalyptic Prophet | |
The Apocalyptic Deeds of Jesus | |
Explaining Away the Apocalyptic Traditions: Seeking the Lost | |
Explaining Away the Apocalyptic Traditions: Getting a Date | |
Was Jesus a Cynic Philosopher? | |
The Temple Incident as an Enacted Parable | |
Another Apocalyptic Jesus | |
The Apocalyptic Teachings of Jesus | |
Was Jesus Married with Children? | |
The Cosmic Deliverer of Israel | |
Jesus and "Family Values" | |
The Apocalyptic Death of Jesus | |
Jesus and Judas, the Betrayer | |
Jesus the Apocalyptic Prophet | |
From Jesus To The Gospels | |
The Beginning of Christianity | |
Jesus' Resurrection from an Apocalyptic Perspective | |
The Women and the Empty Tomb | |
Jesus, the Messiah, and the Resurrection | |
Jesus' Death, according to the Scriptures | |
Vicarious Suffering in Jewish Martyrologies and Other Greco-Roman Literature | |
The Emergence of Different Understandings of Jesus | |
From Jesus to the Gospels | |
Paul The Apostle: The Man And His Mission | |
The Study of Paul: Methodological Difficulties | |
The Pauline Corpus | |
Other Sources for the Life of Paul | |
The Life of Paul | |
What Did Paul Look Like? | |
Paul on the Road to Damascus | |
Paul and His Mission | |
Paul And His Apostolic Mission: 1 Thessalonians As A Test Case | |
The Founding of the Church in Thessalonica | |
The Beginnings of the Thessalonian Church: A Socio-Historical Perspective | |
Rules for a Private Association | |
The Church at Thessalonica after Paul's Departure | |
Christians Maligned as Perverts and Criminals | |
The Thessalonians' Perplexity | |
Conclusion: Paul the Apostle | |
Thessalonians | |
Paul And The Crises Of His Churches: 1 And 2 Corinthians, Galatians, Philippians, And Philemon | |
Corinthians | |
Possibilities of Existence in the Afterlife | |
Corinthians | |
Corinthians | |
The Partitioning of 2 Corinthians | |
Corinthians | |
Galatians | |
The Logic of the Opponents' Position in Galatia | |
Why Does Paul Appeal to the Law to Deny the Importance of the Law? | |
Just Say "No": Paul's Gospel of Sexual Abstinence | |
Galatians | |
Philippians | |
The Christ Hymn of Philippians | |
Was Paul Contemplating Suicide? | |
Philippians | |
Philemon | |
Philemon | |
The Gospel According To Paul: The Letter To The Romans | |
The Occasion and Purpose of the Letter | |
The Beginnings of the Roman Church | |
The Theme of the Epistle | |
Paul's Gospel to the Romans | |
Pauline Models for Salvation | |
Two Different Ways of Salvation in Paul? | |
Judicial and Participationist Models of Salvation in Paul | |
The Flow of Paul's Argument | |
Other Models of Salvation in Paul | |
Conclusion: Paul and the Romans | |
Romans | |
Does The Tradition Miscarry? Paul In Relation To Jesus, James, Thecla, And Theudas | |
Paul in Relation to What Came Before | |
Jesus and Paul: Some of the Similarities | |
Jesus and Paul: Some of the Differences | |
Paul in Relation to What Came After | |
Conclusion: Pauline Christianities | |
Paul in Relation to What Came Before and After | |
In The Wake Of The Apostle: The Deutero-Pauline And Pastoral Epistles | |
Pseudonymity in the Ancient World | |
Paul's Third Letter to the Corinthians | |
The Deutero-Pauline Epistles | |
The Resurrection of Believers in Paul and Colossians | |
The "Household Rules" in Colossians and Ephesians | |
The Vocabulary of Salvation in Paul and Ephesians | |
The Deutero-Pauline Epistles | |
The Pastoral Epistles | |
The Historical Situation and Authorship of the Pastoral Epistles | |
Church Hierarchy in Ignatius | |
Conclusion: The Post-Pauline Pastoral Epistles | |
The Pastoral Epistles | |
From Paul's Female Colleagues To The Pastor's Intimidated Women: The Oppression Of Women In Early Christianity | |
Women in Paul's Churches | |
Women Associated with Jesus | |
Mary Magdalene | |
Paul's Understanding of Women in the Church | |
Women in the Aftermath of Paul | |
Similarities between 1 Tim 2:11-15 and 1 Corinthians 14:34-35 | |
Ancient Ideologies of Gender | |
Gender Ideology and the Pauline Churches | |
Women in Early Christianity | |
Christians And Jews: Hebrews, Barnabas, And Later Anti-Jewish Literature | |
Early Christian Self-Definition | |
Early and Diverging Views of Christians and Jews | |
Continuity and Superiority: The Epistle to the Hebrews | |
Divergent Views of Christ in Hebrews | |
Hebrews | |
Discontinuity and Supremacy: The Epistle of Barnabas | |
Six Thousand Years and Counting | |
Gematria in Early Christianity | |
The Epistle of Barnabas | |
Conclusion: The Rise of Christian Anti-Judaism | |
Melito's Passover Sermon | |
Christians And Pagans: 1 Peter, The Letters Of Ignatius, The Martyrdom Of Polycarp, And Later Apologetic Literature | |
The Persecution of the Early Christians | |
The Christian Disruption of the Family: The Case of Perpetua | |
Christians in a Hostile World: The Letter of 1 Peter | |
The Spread of Christianity | |
1 Peter | |
Christians Sentenced to Death: The Letters of Ignatius | |
An Alternative View of Christian Martyrdom | |
The Letters of Ignatius | |
Christians before the Tribunal: The Martyrdom of Polycarp | |
The Martyrdom of Polycarp | |
Christians on the Defense: The Later Apologetic Literature | |
Christians And Christians: James, The Didache, Polycarp, 1 Clement, Jude, And 2 Peter | |
The Epistle of James | |
The Didache | |
The Development of the Lord's Prayer | |
Polycarp's Letter to the Philippians | |
Polycarp and the Early Christian Tradition | |
Clement | |
Birds Raised from the Dead and Other Problems in the Corinthian Church | |
Jude | |
Peter | |
Peter, the Smoked Tuna, and the Flying Heretic | |
Conclusion: Conflicts within the Early Christian Communities | |
Christian Internal Conflicts | |
Christians And The Cosmos: The Revelation Of John, The Shepherd Of Hermas, And The Apocalypse Of Peter | |
Introduction: The End of the World and the Revelation of John | |
The Content and Structure of the Book of Revelation | |
The Book of Revelation from a Historical Perspective | |
Apocalyptic Worldviews and Apocalypse Genre | |
The Book of Revelation as Underground Literature | |
The Author of Revelation in the Early Church | |
The Revelation of John in Historical Context | |
An Ancient Copyright Curse | |
Futuristic Interpretations of the Book of Revelation | |
The Book of Revelation | |
The Shepherd of Hermas | |
The Shepherd of Hermas and the Muratorian Canon | |
The Apocalypse of Peter | |
Epilogue: Do We Have The Original New Testament? | |
The Manuscripts of the New Testament | |
30,000 Variant Readings?! | |
Kinds of Changes in Our Manuscript | |
Citing Chapter and Verse | |
Women in the Manuscript Tradition of the New Testament | |
Criteria for Establishing the Original Text | |
Is the Doctrine of the Trinity Explicitly Taught in the New Testament? | |
Conclusion: The Original Text of the New Testament | |
The Text of the New Testament | |
Glossary of Terms | |
Index | |
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