New Understanding Physics for Advanced Level Fourth Edition

by Breithaupt, Jim

• ISBN13: 9780748743148
• ISBN10: 0748743146
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2014-11-01
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

Clearly written text and extensive colour diagrams, experiments and examples. Summaries, short and long questions and multiple-choice questions ensure thorough exam preparation and revision. Frequent hints and questions providing invaluable support and facilitating study at home. Excellent support from GCSE; in particular Double Award Science. Extra support with mathematics. Fully worked solutions are further explained by an interactive CD-ROM.

Table of Contents

Preface	vi
Introduction: the world of physics	vii
The Scientific Age	vii
The role of physics	viii
THEME A: MECHANICS
Dynamics	4	(13)
Vectors	4	(2)
Speed and velocity	6	(1)
Accelerated motion	7	(2)
Dynamics equations	9	(1)
Motion due to gravity	10	(7)
Summary	14	(1)
Short questions	15	(2)
Force and energy	17	(25)
Force and motion	17	(1)
Momentum and Newton's laws of motion	17	(5)
Conservation of momentum	22	(1)
Work, energy and power	23	(3)
Elastic and inelastic collisions	26	(2)
Energy and efficiency	28	(2)
Energy resources	30	(1)
Fuel supplies and reserves	30	(3)
Efficiency and its limits	33	(2)
Energy options	35	(7)
Summary	38	(1)
Short questions	39	(3)
Statics	42	(12)
Equilibrium of forces	42	(2)
Moments and turning forces	44	(3)
Centre of gravity	47	(1)
Friction	48	(2)
The conditions for equilibrium	50	(1)
Bridge building	51	(3)
Summary	52	(1)
Short questions	52	(2)
Rotational dynamics	54	(15)
Uniform circular motion	54	(3)
Angular acceleration	57	(2)
Torque and moment of inertia	59	(3)
Rotational energy	62	(1)
Angular momentum	63	(2)
Comparison of linear and rotational motion	65	(4)
Summary	67	(1)
Short questions	67	(2)
Oscillations	69	(21)
Describing oscillations	69	(2)
Principles of simple harmonic motion	71	(3)
Oscillations of loaded springs	74	(2)
The simple pendulum	76	(1)
Energy of oscillating systems	77	(3)
Forced oscillations and resonance	80	(10)
Summary	82	(1)
Short questions	82	(2)
Multiple choice questions A	84	(3)
Long questions A	87	(3)
THEME B: MATERIALS
Molecules and materials	90	(12)
Atoms and molecules	90	(3)
Measurement of molecules	93	(3)
States of matter	96	(2)
Intermolecular forces	98	(4)
Summary	101	(1)
Short questions	101	(1)
Strength of solids	102	(28)
Behaviour of solids	102	(3)
Elasticity	105	(7)
X-ray diffraction	112	(4)
Structure of metals	116	(4)
Ceramics and glass	120	(2)
Polymers	122	(4)
Composites	126	(4)
Summary	126	(1)
Short questions	127	(3)
Fluids	130	(21)
Fluids at rest	130	(4)
Surface tension	134	(2)
Fluid flow	136	(3)
Viscosity	139	(6)
Non-viscous flow	145	(6)
Summary	148	(1)
Short questions	149	(2)
Thermal properties of materials	151	(25)
Temperature	151	(7)
Heat capacities	158	(4)
Thermal expansion	162	(1)
Thermal radiation	163	(2)
Thermal conduction	165	(5)
Heating and insulation in the home	170	(6)
Summary	173	(1)
Short questions	174	(2)
Gases	176	(16)
Ideal gases	176	(3)
The kinetic theory of gases	179	(5)
Diffusion	184	(1)
Real gases	185	(7)
Summary	189	(1)
Short questions	189	(3)
Thermodynamics	192	(32)
The first law of thermodynamics	192	(1)
Thermodynamics of ideal gases	193	(4)
The second law of thermodynamics	197	(6)
Entropy	203	(2)
Chance and change	205	(5)
Towards absolute zero	210	(14)
Summary	215	(1)
Short questions	216	(1)
Multiple choice questions B	217	(3)
Long questions B	220	(4)
THEME C: FIELDS
Gravitational fields	224	(13)
Force and potential	224	(2)
Newton's theory of gravitation	226	(2)
Planetary fields	228	(4)
Satellite motion	232	(5)
Summary	235	(1)
Short questions	235	(2)
Electric fields	237	(20)
Field patterns	237	(4)
Uniform electric fields	241	(2)
Parallel plate capacitors	243	(6)
The electrical inverse square law	249	(4)
Charged spheres	253	(4)
Summary	254	(1)
Short questions	255	(2)
Magnetic fields	257	(21)
Magnetic field patterns	257	(2)
Magnetic field strength	259	(2)
Motors and meters	261	(3)
Charged particles in magnetic fields	264	(5)
Field formulae for current-carrying wires	269	(4)
Magnetic materials	273	(5)
Summary	275	(1)
Short questions	276	(2)
Electromagnetic induction	278	(26)
The principles of electromagnetic induction	278	(5)
Generators	283	(2)
Induction motors	285	(2)
Transformers	287	(5)
Self-inductance	292	(12)
Summary	295	(1)
Short questions	296	(2)
Multiple choice questions C	298	(2)
Long questions C	300	(4)
THEME D: WAVES
Wave motion	304	(16)
Progressive waves	304	(1)
Measuring waves	305	(3)
Wave properties	308	(5)
Stationary waves	313	(3)
Mechanical waves and resonance	316	(4)
Summary	318	(1)
Short questions	318	(2)
Sound	320	(21)
Nature of sound waves	320	(4)
Properties of sound	324	(3)
Resonance of air columns	327	(3)
Vibrations of strings and wires	330	(4)
The Doppler effect	334	(7)
Summary	338	(1)
Short questions	338	(3)
Physical optics	341	(27)
The wave nature of light	341	(4)
Interference by thin films	345	(6)
Diffraction by slits and obstacles	351	(6)
Diffraction gratings and spectra	357	(11)
Summary	365	(1)
Short questions	366	(2)
Optical instruments	368	(26)
Mirrors	368	(4)
Lenses	372	(4)
The eye	376	(4)
The camera	380	(5)
Microscopes	385	(1)
Telescopes	386	(8)
Summary	391	(1)
Short questions	392	(2)
Electromagnetic waves	394	(16)
The nature of electromagnetic waves	394	(2)
Radio waves and microwaves	396	(5)
Infra-red radiation	401	(1)
Ultra-violet radiation	402	(1)
Polarization of electromagnetic waves	403	(1)
The speed of light	404	(2)
Waveguides	406	(4)
Summary	408	(1)
Short questions	409	(1)
Astronomy and cosmology	410	(34)
Surveying the stars	410	(8)
Stars from birth to death	418	(6)
Radio astronomy	424	(5)
Towards the edge of the Universe from the Big Bang	429	(15)
Summary	435	(1)
Short questions	436	(1)
Multiple choice questions D	437	(3)
Long questions D	440	(4)
THEME E: ELECTRICITY
Current and charge	444	(28)
Electrical conduction	444	(3)
Potential difference	447	(4)
Resistance	451	(5)
Circuits and cells	456	(5)
Capacitors in d.c. circuits	461	(11)
Summary	468	(1)
Short questions	468	(4)
Meters and bridges	472	(14)
Ammeters and voltmeters	472	(4)
Potentiometers	476	(3)
The Wheatstone bridge	479	(7)
Summary	484	(1)
Short questions	484	(2)
Alternating current circuits	486	(24)
a.c. measurements	486	(5)
Reactance and resistance	491	(6)
Series circuits	497	(5)
Resonant circuits	502	(8)
Summary	507	(1)
Short questions	508	(2)
Electronics	510	(20)
Semiconductors	510	(4)
Transistors	514	(1)
The systems approach	515	(2)
Logic gates	517	(3)
Operational amplifiers	520	(10)
Summary	528	(1)
Short questions	529	(1)
Communications	530	(22)
Information transfer	530	(1)
Carrier waves	531	(3)
Radio and TV broadcasting	534	(2)
Digital transmission	536	(3)
Optical fibre systems	539	(13)
Summary	543	(1)
Short questions	543	(2)
Multiple choice questions E	545	(3)
Long questions E	548	(4)
THEME F: INSIDE THE ATOM
The properties of the electron	552	(23)
The discovery of the electron	552	(2)
Electron beams in fields	554	(8)
Electron tubes	562	(2)
Measurement of the charge of the electron	564	(4)
Photoelectricity	568	(7)
Summary	573	(1)
Short questions	573	(2)
Radioactivity	575	(26)
The discovery of radiation	575	(1)
The properties of radioactive radiations	576	(6)
Radiation detectors	582	(3)
The nucleus	585	(5)
Radioactive decay	590	(7)
Radioactivity in use	597	(4)
Summary	598	(1)
Short questions	599	(2)
Electrons inside the atom	601	(13)
Energy levels	601	(3)
Models of the atom	604	(4)
X-rays	608	(6)
Summary	612	(1)
Short questions	612	(2)
Nuclear energy	614	(22)
Mass and energy	614	(11)
Nuclear fission	625	(6)
Nuclear fusion	631	(5)
Summary	634	(1)
Short questions	634	(2)
Particles and patterns	636	(31)
Waves and particles	636	(7)
Probing the nucleus	643	(7)
Hadrons and leptons	650	(6)
Towards unification	656	(11)
Summary	659	(1)
Short questions	659	(2)
Multiple choice questions F	661	(3)
Long questions F	664	(3)
THEME G: PHYSICS IN MEDICINE
Biomedical measurements	667	(9)
Body temperature	667	(1)
Measurement of blood pressure	668	(3)
Electrocardiography	671	(5)
Summary	675	(1)
Short questions	675	(1)
Non-ionizing radiation	676	(8)
Endoscopy	676	(2)
Thermography	678	(1)
Ultrasonic imaging	679	(2)
Doppler ultrasonic systems	681	(3)
Summary	682	(1)
Short questions	683	(1)
Using ionizing radiation	684	(15)
X-rays in medicine	684	(3)
Absorption of X-rays by matter	687	(2)
Radioactive isotopes for diagnosis	689	(4)
Ionizing radiation therapy	693	(1)
Ionizing radiation measurements	693	(3)
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)	696	(3)
Summary	697	(1)
Short questions	698	(1)
The physics of the human body	699	(16)
Human mechanics	699	(5)
More about the eye	704	(2)
More about the ear	706	(9)
Summary	708	(1)
Short questions	709	(2)
Comprehension paper 1	711	(1)
Comprehension paper 2	712	(2)
Comprehension paper 3	714	(1)
Table of physical constants	715	(1)
Answers to numerical questions	716	(4)
Index	720