The New United Nations: International Organization in the Twenty-First Century

by Moore; John A.

• ISBN13: 9780131844889
• ISBN10: 0131844881
• Format: Nonspecific Binding
• Copyright: 2005-10-20
• Publisher: Routledge

Summary

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Table of Contents

List of Figures, Tables, and Photos	xi
Acknowledgments	xiii
Introduction: Ways of Thinking About the United Nations and International Organizations	1	(1)
International Organizations	2	(1)
Theories of International Relations	2	(5)
Realism	3	(1)
Idealism	3	(1)
Marxism	4	(1)
Critical Theory and Constructivism	5	(1)
Feminism	5	(1)
Dependency Theory	6	(1)
Postmodernism	6	(1)
Other Theories	7	(1)
The United Nations	7	(2)
Notes	9	(1)
The Many Places of the United Nations	10	(26)
The UN System	10	(19)
New York City	10	(6)
Geneva, Switzerland	16	(4)
Nairobi, Kenya	20	(2)
Vienna, Austria	22	(1)
The Hague, The Netherlands	23	(1)
Montreal, Canada	24	(2)
Rome, Italy	26	(1)
Pristina, Serbia-Montenegro (Kosovo Province), and Dili, Timor-Leste	27	(2)
The New United Nations	29	(4)
Summary	33	(1)
Notes	33	(1)
Key Terms	34	(1)
Resources for Further Research	34	(2)
Origins and History of the United Nations	36	(41)
Overview of Early Historical Efforts to Establish International Organization	36	(1)
International Relations before the Twentieth Century	37	(1)
The Concert of Europe	38	(1)
The League of Nations and World War II	39	(3)
The League of Nations	39	(2)
Woodrow Wilson and the Elemental Weaknesses of the League	41	(1)
U.S. and Allied Visions of the Post--World War II Period	42	(8)
Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882--1945)	43	(3)
Winston Churchill (1874--1965)	46	(2)
Joseph Stalin (1879--1953)	48	(2)
Three Wartime Conferences	50	(3)
Dumbarton Oaks Conference	50	(1)
Yalta Conference	51	(2)
Bretton Woods Conference	53	(1)
UN Conference on International Organization	53	(6)
Eleanor's UN: Beyond International Peace and Security	59	(4)
Specialized Agencies and Eleanor's UN	61	(1)
Nongovernmental Organizations and Eleanor's UN	61	(1)
Millennium Summit Goals and Eleanor's UN	62	(1)
The Cold War	63	(6)
Korea	64	(1)
Nuclear Weapons	65	(1)
Persisting Tensions	65	(3)
Waning of the Cold War	68	(1)
Iraq and the Post-Cold War United Nations	69	(4)
September 11, 2001, and the Age of Terrorism	70	(3)
Summary	73	(1)
Notes	74	(1)
Key Terms	75	(1)
Resources for Further Research	76	(1)
The Evolving UN Charter	77	(41)
Contents of the Charter	77	(2)
Amendments to the Charter	79	(2)
Informal Modifications of the Charter	80	(1)
Chapter VI1/2 Provisions	81	(1)
The Cold War, Expanding Membership, and the Charter	81	(4)
Membership	82	(1)
North-South Relations and the United Nations	83	(1)
National Liberation and the United Nations	84	(1)
The Non-Aligned Movement and the United Nations	84	(1)
Evolution of International Law	85	(6)
Financial Crisis and the Impetus for Reform	91	(1)
The Continuing Budget Crisis	92	(5)
Scale of Assessment and the Budget Process	93	(2)
U.S. Nonpayment of UN Dues and the Demand for Reforms: Is the United Nations Worth It?	95	(2)
UN Reform	97	(16)
Efforts by Perez de Cuellar and Boutros-Ghali to Accommodate U.S. Demands for Reform	97	(3)
Kofi Annan and the Reform ``Revolution''	100	(12)
Scandal and the United Nations	112	(1)
Summary	113	(1)
Notes	114	(2)
Key Terms	116	(1)
Resources for Further Research	116	(2)
Evolving Institutions	118	(43)
Coordination of the UN System	118	(1)
Principal Organs	119	(24)
General Assembly	119	(7)
Security Council	126	(7)
Economic and Social Council	133	(3)
Trusteeship Council	136	(1)
Secretariat	137	(2)
International Court of Justice	139	(4)
Specialized Agencies, Programmes and Funds, and Other Groups	143	(5)
Specialized Agencies	143	(2)
Programmes and Funds	145	(1)
Other Groups	146	(2)
New Structures on the Global Stage	148	(2)
World Conferences	148	(1)
The Global Compact	149	(1)
Special Rapporteurs	150	(1)
Human Rights Tribunals	150	(1)
Globalization, Bretton Woods Institutions, and the United Nations	150	(8)
Bretton Woods Conference	151	(1)
World Bank	152	(1)
International Monetary Fund	153	(2)
World Trade Organization	155	(3)
Summary	158	(1)
Notes	158	(2)
Key Terms	160	(1)
Resources for Further Research	160	(1)
Maintenance of International Peace and Security	161	(36)
Historical Perspective on International Peace and Security	161	(1)
The Concept of Collective Security	162	(4)
Collective Security Provisions of the UN Charter	166	(2)
Legal Authority for Collective Security: UN Charter Chapters VI and VII	168	(4)
Collective Security under Cold War Conditions	172	(4)
Uniting for Peace Resolution	173	(1)
Emergency Special Sessions of the General Assembly	173	(3)
Peacekeeping and Military Observer Groups	176	(1)
Disarmament and Arms Control	176	(7)
Changing Disarmament Priorities	180	(3)
Post--Cold War Collective Security	183	(4)
Smart Sanctions	184	(3)
The UN's Longest Collective Security Crisis: The Arab-Israeli Dispute	187	(6)
Summary	193	(1)
Notes	194	(1)
Key Terms	195	(1)
Resources for Further Research	195	(2)
Peacekeeping and Nation Building	197	(30)
The Origination of Peacekeeping in the United Nations	197	(1)
Important Cold War Peacekeeping Missions	198	(5)
UN Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan	198	(1)
UN Operation in the Congo	199	(1)
UN Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus	200	(1)
UN Disengagement Observer Force	201	(1)
UN Interim Force in Lebanon	202	(1)
Second-Generation Peacekeeping	203	(16)
UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations	204	(1)
Early Nation-Building Missions	205	(3)
Later Second-Generation Peacekeeping Missions	208	(4)
Brahimi Report	212	(1)
Peace Building	213	(6)
Africa	219	(5)
Somalia	219	(2)
The Congo	221	(1)
Sierra Leone and Liberia	222	(2)
Summary	224	(1)
Notes	225	(1)
Key Terms	226	(1)
Resources for Further Research	226	(1)
Making Global Public Policy: Promoting Civil Society, Human Rights, and Women's Empowerment	227	(27)
The Emergence of Thematic Diplomacy	227	(1)
The Age of the Nongovernmental Organization	228	(3)
Special Rapporteurs	231	(1)
The Global Compact	232	(2)
Global Civil Society	234	(1)
Human Rights	235	(11)
The Policy Process	235	(6)
The Judicial Process	241	(5)
Women's Rights	246	(5)
Securing Group Rights through Public Mobilization	246	(3)
Research on Women	249	(1)
Assistance to Women	250	(1)
Summary	251	(1)
Notes	251	(1)
Key Terms	252	(1)
Resources for Further Research	252	(2)
Economic Development, the Environment, and Health Policy	254	(32)
Backdrop to Economic Development Policy	254	(3)
UN Conference on Trade and Development	257	(2)
UN Development Programme	259	(2)
The Right to Development and the Least Developed Countries	261	(5)
The Environment and Sustainable Development	266	(2)
UN Environment Programme	268	(11)
Atmosphere and Climate Change	271	(3)
Water Pollution and Marine Resources	274	(1)
Biodiversity and Natural Resources	275	(1)
Desertification and Deforestation	276	(2)
International Financing	278	(1)
Sustainable Human Development: The Fight against HIV/AIDS	279	(3)
Summary	282	(1)
Notes	283	(2)
Key Terms	285	(1)
Resources for Further Research	285	(1)
EPILOGUE	286	(73)
APPENDICES
Appendix A Charter of the United Nations	289	(24)
Appendix B Universal Declaration of Human Rights	313	(6)
Appendix C UN Member States	319	(3)
Appendix D Statute of the International Court of Justice	322	(13)
Appendix E Secretaries-General of the United Nations	335	(8)
Appendix F Selected UN Resolutions	343	(9)
Appendix G Acronyms and Abbreviations	352	(7)
Index	359