New York

by Danielson, Michael N.; Doig, Jameson W.

• ISBN13: 9780520043718
• ISBN10: 0520043715
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1982-10-01
• Publisher: Univ of California Pr

Summary

Studies the cultural, economic, political, and social forces influencing life in New York City

Table of Contents

List of Tables	p. xi
List of Maps	p. xii
Foreword	p. xiii
Acknowledgments	p. xxi
Abbreviations	p. xxiii
Terms of Office	p. xxiv
Government and Urban Development	p. 1
Governments in the New York Region	p. 3
The Impact of Government on Development	p. 8
Government as Inconsequential: A Critique	p. 8
Varieties of Influence	p. 13
Varieties of Influence: A Further Look	p. 16
The Sources of Governmental Influence	p. 23
Areal and Functional Scope: Toward a Classification of Governments	p. 23
Concentration of Resources	p. 25
Formal independence	p. 25
Variety and intensity of constituency demands	p. 26
Control over the use of land	p. 27
Financial resources	p. 28
Political skill	p. 29
Control over subordinate units	p. 30
Planning	p. 30
Targets of Analysis	p. 32
Development in the New York Region	p. 35
Size and Complexity	p. 35
The Physical Setting	p. 40
Genesis from the Sea	p. 41
The Unique Central Business District	p. 45
External Economies and White-Collar Jobs	p. 45
Benefits and Costs of the Central Business District	p. 47
The Decline of the Older Cities	p. 50
The Departure of Middle-Class Whites	p. 51
The Growth of Black and Hispanic Ghettos	p. 52
The Dispersal of Blue-Collar Jobs	p. 54
The Burdens of the Cities	p. 56
The Spreading Metropolis	p. 57
The Impact of Transportation	p. 58
The Movement of Jobs and Homes	p. 60
The Slowing of the Region's Growth	p. 64
Maximizing Internal Benefits	p. 67
Suburban Capabilities	p. 67
The Constraint of Size	p. 69
Variations Among Suburbs	p. 69
Homogeneity and Heterogeneity	p. 74
The Central Fact of Autonomy	p. 75
The Pervasive Influence of the Property Tax	p. 77
The Logic of Exclusion	p. 78
The Westchester Approach	p. 79
Planning for Fewer People	p. 81
The Dilemma of Apartments	p. 84
The Right Kind of Industry	p. 89
The Results of the Maximizing Strategy	p. 94
Accelerating Spread	p. 96
Discouraging Innovation	p. 98
Excluding the Less Affluent	p. 100
Suburbanization Without Maximization: The Case of Staten Island	p. 106
Maximization and the Passage of Time	p. 108
Minimizing Outside Intervention	p. 110
The Dispersion of Power: New Roads in Suburbia	p. 112
Perspective of the Highway Agencies	p. 113
New Roads and County Government	p. 114
Highway Costs and Benefits at the Grass Roots	p. 116
Political Weakness of the Individual Suburb	p. 119
A Successful Coalition: The Fourth Jetport	p. 123
Defeat of the Great Swamp Proposal	p. 123
Opposition to Other Sites	p. 126
The Basis for Successful Collective Action	p. 129
Environmentalism and Suburban Victories	p. 130
The Long Island Sound Bridge and I-287	p. 133
Political Actors of Regional Scope	p. 138
Impediments to Regional Integration	p. 139
The Obstacles of Political Complexity	p. 140
Lack of Regional Awareness	p. 143
The Pervasive Fear of Regionalism	p. 147
The Metropolitan Regional Council	p. 151
Agencies of Broad Areal Scope	p. 154
Functional Agencies and the Advantages of a Focused Mission	p. 154
The Coordinating Agencies: Modest Resources and Multiple Constraints	p. 162
Concentrating Resources on Highway Development	p. 171
Contenders for Influence	p. 173
The Highway Coalition	p. 177
The Highway Coalition at Work	p. 185
Under and Over the Hudson River	p. 186
Bringing Manhattan Closer to the Suburbs with Buses	p. 194
Regional Arteries That "Fire the Mind"	p. 200
Mass Transportation and the Limited Capabilities of Government	p. 205
Mass Transportation and the Region's Development	p. 206
Obstacles to Governmental Action	p. 210
Responding to a Transit Crisis in New York City	p. 214
A Railroad Is "Practically Reborn"	p. 215
Toward Broader Regional Action	p. 216
Elements of a Solution: Realistic and Otherwise	p. 219
Steps Toward Stability	p. 221
Dramatic Changes and an Elusive Goal	p. 226
Creating a Regional Transit Agency	p. 227
Larger Resources and a "Grand Design"	p. 233
"Many a Slip ..."	p. 236
The Interweaving of Federal and Regional Action	p. 239
The MAT's First Decade	p. 241
The Port Authority in Disarray	p. 244
Conflict into the 1980s: The Case of Westway	p. 250
The Continuing Search for Solutions	p. 255
Concentrating Resources in the Older Cities	p. 256
Goals and Resources in the Older Cities	p. 257
Areal and Functional Scope	p. 262
The Shortage of Land	p. 264
Conflicting Constituency Interests	p. 271
The Fiscal Straitjacket	p. 278
Dependence on State Government	p. 283
Lack of Executive Integration	p. 285
Urban Renewal: Political Skill and Constituency Pressures	p. 291
The Federal Framework	p. 292
Elements of Success and Failure	p. 294
Conflicting Pressures in Trenton	p. 296
Building an Autonomous Base for Renewal in Newark	p. 297
Neutralizing the NHA commissioners	p. 299
Offering minor concessions to local political leaders	p. 300
Denying the city planners a role	p. 300
Winning the support of other city agencies	p. 300
Muting those to be displaced	p. 301
The Fragile Structure of Newark's Success	p. 302
The Medical College	p. 303
The Collapse of the Urban Renewal Alliance	p. 306
The NHA's Urban Renewal Program in Retrospect	p. 309
Enlarging the Renewal Arena	p. 311
The Lesson of Urban Renewal	p. 314
Patterns of Government Action	p. 316
The Complex Role of Government	p. 322
Another View: Government Officials as All-Powerful	p. 326
Sources of Influence	p. 327
Contrasts in Influence: The Case of Marine Terminals	p. 328
Constituencies, Insulation, and Leadership	p. 333
Broader Values and the Shackling of Government	p. 338
The End of Growth and the Role of Government	p. 341
Index	p. 349
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