Nonlinear Optics Phenomena, Materials and Devices

by Stegeman, George I.; Stegeman, Robert A.

• ISBN13: 9781118072721
• ISBN10: 1118072723
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2012-07-24
• Publisher: Wiley

Summary

This book is based on tried and tested courses taught by the author, George Stegeman, who is one of the experimental pioneers in nonlinear optics. The book starts with second order phenomena, goes on to explain the derivation of nonlinear susceptibilities, and finishes with a thorough discussion of third order nonlinear effects. Included is a simple "electron on a spring" model which helps readers begin their journey through the field of nonlinear optics.

Author Biography

George I. Stegeman, PhD, is Chair Professor in the College of Engineering at KFUPM, Saudi Arabia, and Emeritus Professor at the College of Optics and Photonics (CREOL) of the University of Central Florida (UCF). He is the first recipient of the Cobb Family Eminent Chair in Optical Sciences and Engineering at UCF. Dr. Stegeman is a Fellow of the Optical Society of America and has received the Canadian Association of Physicists's Herzberg Medal for achievement in physics arid the Optical Society of America's R.W. Wood Prize. Robert A. Stegeman, PhD, has held professional positions at the College of Optical Sciences at The University of Arizona, as well as various industrial companies.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. xi
Introduction	p. 1
What is Nonlinear Optics and What is it Good for?	p. 1
Notation	p. 2
Classical Nonlinear Optics Expansion	p. 4
Simple Model: Electron on a Spring and its Application to Linear Optics	p. 6
Local Field Correction	p. 10
Suggested Further Reading	p. 13
Second-Order Phenomena	p. 15
Second-Order Susceptibility and Nonlinear Coupled Wave Equations	p. 17
Anharmonic Oscillator Derivation of Second-Order Susceptibilities	p. 18
Input Eigenmodes, Permutation Symmetry, and Properties of x(2)	p. 23
Slowly Varying Envelope Approximation	p. 25
Coupled Wave Equations	p. 26
Manley-Rowe Relations and Energy Conservation	p. 31
Suggested Further Reading	p. 38
Optimization and Limitations of Second-Order Parametric Processes	p. 39
Wave-Vector Matching	p. 39
Optimizing d(2)eff	p. 53
Numerical Examples	p. 59
References	p. 67
Suggested Further Reading	p. 67
Solutions for Plane-Wave Parametric Conversion Processes	p. 69
Solutions of the Type 1 SHG Coupled Wave Equations	p. 69
Solutions of the Three-Wave Coupled Equations	p. 77
Characteristic Lengths	p. 80
Nonlinear Modes	p. 81
References	p. 84
Suggested Further Reading	p. 85
Second Harmonic Generation with Finite Beams and Applications	p. 86
SHG with Gaussian Beams	p. 86
Unique and Performance-Enhanced Applications of Periodically Poled LiNbO3 (PPLN)	p. 98
References	p. 107
Suggested Further Reading	p. 107
Three-Wave Mixing, Optical Amplifiers, and Generators	p. 108
Three-Wave Mixing Processes	p. 108
Manley-Rowe Relations	p. 110
Sum Frequency Generation	p. 111
Optical Parametric Amplifiers	p. 113
Optical Parametric Oscillator	p. 119
Mid-Infrared Quasi-Phase Matching Parametric Devices	p. 128
References	p. 139
Selected Further Reading	p. 140
x2 Materials and Their Characterization	p. 141
Survey of Materials	p. 141
Oxide-Based Dielectric Crystals	p. 143
Organic Materials	p. 144
Measurement Techniques	p. 149
Quantum Mechanical Model for Charge Transfer Molecular Nonlinearities	p. 153
References	p. 157
Suggested Further Reading	p. 158
Nonlinear Susceptibilities	p. 159
Second- and Third-Order Susceptibilities: Quantum Mechanical Formulation	p. 161
Perturbation Theory of Field Interaction with Molecules	p. 162
Optical Susceptibilities	p. 169
x(3)ijkl Symmetry Properties for Different Crystal Classes	p. 192
Reference	p. 196
Suggested Further Reading	p. 196
Molecular Nonlinear Optics	p. 197
Two-Level Model	p. 198
Symmetric Molecules	p. 210
Density Matrix Formalism	p. 215
Two-Level Model for Asymmetric Molecules-Exact Solution	p. 216
Three-Level Model for Symmetric Molecules-Exact Solution	p. 218
References	p. 222
Suggested Further Reading	p. 223
Third-Order Phenomena	p. 225
Kerr Nonlinear Absorption and Refraction	p. 227
Nonlinear Absorption	p. 228
Nonlinear Refraction	p. 238
Useful NLR Formulas and Examples (Isotropic Media)	p. 243
Suggested Further Reading	p. 250
Condensed Matter Third-Order Nonlinearities due to Electronic Transitions	p. 251
Device-Based Nonlinear Material Figures of Merit	p. 252
Local Versus Nonlocal Nonlinearities in Space and Time	p. 253
Survey of Nonlinear Refraction and Absorption Measurements	p. 255
Electronic Nonlinearities Involving Discrete States	p. 256
Overview of Semiconductor Nonlinearities	p. 266
Glass Nonlinearities	p. 281
Expressions for the Kerr, Raman, and Quadratic Stark Effects	p. 284
References	p. 286
Suggested Further Reading	p. 289
Miscellaneous Third-Order Nonlinearities	p. 290
Molecular Reorientation Effects in Liquids and Liquid Crystals	p. 291
Photorefractive Nonlinearities	p. 300
Nuclear (Vibrational) Contributions to n211 (-w; w)	p. 306
Electrostriction	p. 310
Thermo-Optic Effect	p. 312
X(3) via Cascaded X(2) Nonlinear Processes: Nonlocal	p. 314
Spontaneous Raman Scattering	p. 317
References	p. 328
Suggested Further Reading	p. 329
Techniques for Measuring Third-Order Nonlinearities	p. 330
Z-Scan	p. 332
Third Harmonic Generation	p. 339
Optical Kerr Effect Measurements	p. 343
Nonlinear Optical Interferometry	p. 344
Degenerate Four-Wave Mixing	p. 345
References	p. 346
Suggested Further Reading	p. 346
Ramifications and Applications of Nonlinear Refraction	p. 347
Self-Focusing and Defocusing of Beams	p. 348
Self-Phase Modulation and Spectral Broadening in Time	p. 352
Instabilities	p. 354
Solitons (Nonlinear Modes)	p. 363
Optical Bistability	p. 372
All-Optical Signal Processing and Switching	p. 375
References	p. 382
Suggested Further Reading	p. 383
Multiwave Mixing	p. 384
Degenerate Four-Wave Mixing	p. 335
Degenerate Three-Wave Mixing	p. 397
Nondegenerate Wave Mixing	p. 399
Reference	p. 413
Suggested Further Reading	p. 413
Stimulated Scattering	p. 414
Stimulated Raman Scattering	p. 415
Stimulated Brillouin Scattering	p. 431
References	p. 441
Suggested Further Reading	p. 442
Ultrafast and Ultrahigh Intensity Processes	p. 443
Extended Nonlinear Wave Equation	p. 444
Formalism for Ultrafast Fiber Nonlinear Optics	p. 448
Examples of Nonlinear Optics in Fibers	p. 452
High Harmonic Generation	p. 460
References	p. 462
Suggested Further Reading	p. 463
Appendix: Units, Notation, and Physical Constants	p. 465
Units of Third-Order Nonlinearity	p. 465
Values of Useful Constants	p. 467
Reference	p. 467
Index	p. 469
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